Amabinzana awaziwayo kaGabriel Garcia Márquez kwiminyaka eliKhulu eliLodwa

UGabriel Garcia Marquez.

Uphendlo lwewebhu "amabinzana awaziwayo nguGabriel Garcia Márquez Iminyaka Elikhulu Yokuba Wedwa" iqhelekile. Kwaye lo msebenzi ubeka ithoni, kwaye nanamhlanje, ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 emva kokupapashwa kwayo, iyaqhubeka nokuthetha ngayo. UGabriel García Márquez ngokungathandabuzekiyo ungomnye wabameli ababalaseleyo bobunyani bemibhalo kunye noncwadi lwaseLatin American ngokubanzi. Akumangalisi ke ukuba, "uGabo" wawongwa ngembasa kaNobel yoNcwadi ngo-1982. Ngesi sizathu eli nqaku libonisa ukukhetha Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa (1967), umsebenzi wobugcisa.

Le noveli ithathwa ngabaphengululi njengombhalo obalulekileyo kwindalo iphela. Ngaphezulu, iphephandaba laseIberia El Mundo ibandakanyiwe "kuluhlu lweenoveli ezili-100 eziphambili kwiSpanish yekhulu lama-XNUMX". Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iphephandaba laseFrance Le Monde Uyikhankanya phakathi "kweencwadi ezili-100 ezilungileyo zekhulu lama-100." Ngokunjalo, nakwiNorway Book Club yenye yeencwadi "ezili-XNUMX ezilungileyo ngalo lonke ixesha".

Sobre el autor

Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana kunye noqeqesho kwizifundo

UGabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (Ngo-Matshi 6, 1927-Epreli 17, 2014) wazalelwa eAracataca, kwisebe laseMagdalena, eColombia. UGabriel Eligio García yayingabazali bakhe, kunye noLuisa Santiaga Márquez, umama wakhe. "Gabito" Wayeshiyeke elugcinweni lotatomkhulu noomakhulu bakhe kwidolophu yakhe. Kodwa ngo-1936 utatomkhulu wakhe wasweleka Kwaye umakhulu wakhe wagqiba ekubeni yimfama, ke ngoko, wabuyela kubazali bakhe eSucre.

Wayefunda kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala yamabanga aphakamileyo kwisikolo samaJesuit iSan José (namhlanje, i-Instituto San José). Ngelo xesha waqalisa ukupapasha imibongo kwiphephancwadi IJuventud. Emva koko, rWafumana isibonelelo sikarhulumente sokufunda eLiceo Nacional de Zipaquirá, kufutshane naseBogotá. Apho wafumana isidanga sakhe sokuqala kwaye emva koko waqala ukufundela ezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseColombia.

Impembelelo kunye nemisebenzi yokuqala

Ngapha koko, isikolo somthetho yayingengombono wokukhetha kodwa yayizame ukukholisa umzali wakho. Kuba umnqweno onyanisekileyo kaGarcía Márquez yayikukuba ngumbhali. Kwakhona, ngeli xesha yaphawulwa ngababhali abanjengoFranz Kafka noBorges.

Ngale ndlela, yayiqwalasela isitayile esidibanisa amabali aphambeneyo kamakhulu wakhe eneempawu zesitayile eziphefumlelwe Ukuguqulwa kwemizimba, umzekelo. NgoSeptemba 1947 wapapasha ibali lakhe lokuqala elifutshane Umbukeli. Ngeli xesha, uqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe wobugqwetha de kwade kwabizwa ngokuba yiBogotazo, eyenzeka nge-9 ka-Epreli 1948 emva kokubulawa kukaJorge Eliécer Gaitán.

Umsebenzi wakhe wobuntatheli kunye nomtshato

Emva kokuvalwa okungapheliyo kweYunivesithi kaZwelonke, UMarquez waya kwiDyunivesithi yaseCagagagena wafumana umsebenzi wokuba ngumlobi wentatheli El Universal. Ngo-1950, ngokuqinisekileyo wayishiya idigri yakhe yomthetho ukuze enze ubuntatheli eBarranquilla. Kwikomkhulu leSebe lase-Atlántico watshata noMercedes Barcha ngo-Matshi 1958.

Esi sibini sasinabantwana ababini: uRodrigo (1959) noGonzalo (1964). Ngo-1961, uGabriel García Márquez wafudukela eNew York nosapho lwakhe, apho wayesebenza njengombhaleli kaPrensa Latina. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusondela kunye neengxelo ezithandekayo zomfanekiso kaFidel Castro, wafumana ukugxekwa okuqatha ngabaphikisi baseCuba.

Ukungcwaliswa koncwadi

UGarcía Márquez nosapho bakhe bafudukela kwisiXeko saseMexico emva kokufumana izoyikiso ezivela kwiCIA. Kumazwe eAztec wamisa indawo yokuhlala kwaye wachitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe, nangona wayenamakhaya eBogotá, eCagagena de Indias naseParis.

EKwisixeko esikhulu saseMexico wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe wokumisela ngoJuni 1967: Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa.

Ilifa le Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa

Este ncwadi waba sisihloko esidumileyo ngaphakathi kwenyani yomlingo yaseLatin American Enkosi ngokudibanisa kwayo ngobuchule izinto ezinokwenzeka, iivesi eziyinyani kunye neziganeko zangaphandle ezivela kwimbali yaseColombia. Ngesi sizathu, ukuchuma kwasekuqaleni, emva koko waxhuzula kwaye ekugqibeleni watshabalalisa idolophu yaseMacondo, waduma kwihlabathi liphela.

Kwimeko enjalo, UGarcía Márquez uphonononge izihloko ezinje ngesizungu, umbulo, intelekelelo, iimfazwe, ezorhwebo kunye nezopolitiko. Kwaye akukho kungabikho kwamayelenqe kunye nemicimbi yothando phakathi kwabalinganiswa abaphambili bebali abachaza izizukulwana ezisixhenxe ezichazwe ngexesha lokujikeleza. (Nangona, ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esichongiweyo sembali).

Iminyaka elikhulu yokuba wedwa ...

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Eminye eyongezelelweyo malunga Iminyaka eyikhulu yedwa

• Yathengisa iikopi ezinesiqingatha seminyaka yayo yokuqala emithathu,
• Iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu.
• Igqalwa njengeyona ncwadi ithengwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela eyapapashwa ngeSpanish.

Ezona binzana zibalaseleyo zaMakhulu Minyaka yokuZodwa

• "Ihlabathi belisandul 'ukwenzeka kangangokuba izinto ezininzi bezingenawo amagama, kwaye ukubakhankanya kufuneka ubakhombe ngomnwe."
• "Awufi xa kufanelekile, kodwa xa unako."
• “Into ebalulekileyo kukungalahli imikhwa. Esoloko eyazi ikhampasi, uqhubekile nokukhokela amadoda akhe ukuya ngasemantla angabonakaliyo, ade akwazi ukushiya lo mmandla uthandwayo ”.
• «Wagqiba ukulahlekelwa yiyo yonke inxibelelwano nemfazwe. Into eyayikhe yangumsebenzi wokwenyani, uthando olungenakuphikiswa lobutsha bakhe, lwaba sisalathiso esikude kuye: isithuba »
• "Ubuzile ukuba yeyiphi na loo dolophu, bamphendula ngegama angazange waliva, elingenantsingiselo, kodwa elinomtsalane ongaphaya kwendalo ephupheni: Macondo."
• "Ubulolo babukhethe iinkumbulo zakhe, kwaye wayitshisa imfumba yenkunkuma eyabangelwa bubomi entliziyweni yakhe, yaza yahlambulula, yandisa yabenza abanye banobungangamsha."
• “Kudutyulwe umpu esifubeni kwaphuma u-projectile emqolo engakhange abethe naliphi na iziko elibalulekileyo. Ekuphela kwento eshiyekileyo kuyo yonke yayisisitalato esinegama lakhe eMacondo ”.
•  "Emva koko wakhupha imali ayiqokelele kwiminyaka emininzi yokusebenza nzima, wazibophelela kubathengi bakhe, waqhuba nokwandiswa kwendlu."
• "Imfihlo yokwaluphala elungileyo ayisiyonto ngaphandle kwesivumelwano esinyanisekileyo nesizungu."
• "Wayehlala efumana indlela yokumala kuba nangona wayengenakumthanda, wayengenakuphila ngaphandle kwakhe."
• "Eneneni, ebengakukhathalelanga ukufa, kodwa ebekhathalela ubomi, yiyo loo nto indlela awayeziva ngayo xa babevakalisa isigwebo yayingeloyiko kodwa yayililungelo".
• “Wahlala kuloo nto. Wayelijikeleze ihlabathi amatyeli angamashumi amathandathu anesihlanu, wabhalisa kuomatiloshe abangenawo umthetho ”.
• "Bathembise ngokuseka indawo yokuzalela izilwanyana ezibalaseleyo, hayi ukuba bonwabele uloyiso abangasokuze baludinge, kodwa babenento yokuziphazamisa ngeeCawe zokufa ezothusayo."
• "Waziva elityelwe, hayi ngokulibala okubonakalayo kwentliziyo, kodwa ngolunye olukhohlakeleyo nolungenakuguqulwa alibale ukuba wayesazi kakuhle, kuba yayikukulibala ukufa."
• "Kodwa ungalibali ukuba okoko nje uThixo esinika ubomi, sizakuqhubeka nokuba ngoomama, kwaye nokuba banenguqu kangakanani na, sinelungelo lokwehlisa ibhulukhwe kwaye sibanike ulusu ekuqaleni ukungabi nantlonelo."
• "Njengazo zonke izinto ezilungileyo ezenzeke kubo kubomi babo obude, laa thamsanqa ungalawulekiyo wayenemvelaphi yawo."
• "Nguye kuphela owayesazi ukuba intliziyo yakhe yayimangalisiwe ngonaphakade."
• "Wayenobunqabileyo obunqabileyo bokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kodwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo."
• “Ngephanyazo wafumanisa imikrwelo, amanxeba, imivumbo, izilonda kunye nezilonda ezazishiyeke kuye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane sobomi bemihla ngemihla, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ezi nzame zingamvuseleli kwaukuziva imfesane. Emva koko wenza iinzame zokugqibela zokukhangela entliziyweni yakhe indawo apho uthando lwakhe lwalubolile khona, kwaye akayifumana.
• "Vula amehlo akho ngokubanzi. Ngayo nayiphi na, abantwana bazakuphuma benomsila wehagu ”.
• "Umhlaba wancitshiswa wabonakala eluswini, kwaye ingaphakathi lalikhuselekile kubo bonke ubukrakra."
• "Kude emva kwexesha ndiyaziqinisekisa ukuba ngendikwenzele into entle ukuba bendingakuvumela udutyulwe."
• “Iye yanetha iminyaka emine, iinyanga ezilishumi elinanye neentsuku ezimbini. Kwakukho amaxesha okunkcenkceshela xa wonke umntu wayenxiba iimpahla zakhe zobupapa kwaye esenza ubuso obululamileyo ukubhiyozela iscamp, kodwa kwakamsinya baqhela ukutolika ikhefu njengezibhengezo zekrelekrele ".
• "Kwakunyanzelekile ukuba akhuthaze iimfazwe ezingamashumi amathathu anesibini, kwaye waphula onke amanyathelo akhe ngokufa nokuzigwagwisa njengehagu kwindlwana yozuko, ukufumanisa phantse iminyaka engamashumi amane emva kwexesha amalungelo alula."
• "Ukugqibela kwabo ukumnceda ukubala iminyaka yakhe, ngexesha lenkampani yeebhanana, wayibala phakathi kweminyaka elikhulu elinashumi elinesihlanu nekhulu elinamanci mabini anesibini."
• "Esona sikhalo sidala kwimbali yoluntu sisikhalo sothando."
• "Akukho mntu ufanele ukuyazi intsingiselo yayo ade abe afikelele kwiminyaka elikhulu."