Ngaphandle kodumo, UAlice kwiWonderland yinoveliubuncinci ukungaqondwa kakuhle. Ihleli injalo okoko yapapashwa ngo-1865 yingcali yezibalo yesiNgesi, ingcali yezobugcisa, umfoti kunye nombhali. Lewis Carroll, ogama lakhe linguCharles Lutwidge Dodgson. Khange acinge ukuba uCarroll ukuba ii-adventures ze guqula igosa UAlicia Liddell, intombazana eyayiphefumlelwe ukuba yenze umlinganiswa ophambili kuyo, wayeza kuthi ekugqibeleni akonwabele ukuthandwa ngabantu.
Ukuba kukho into elungileyo ngeli bali, yile, njengoko siza kubona ngezantsi, bobabini nabantu abadala banokuyonwabela. Emveni kwakho konke, UAlice kwiWonderland ayisiyiyo enye yeentsomi ezinyanisekileyo ezithandwayo phaya- kwaye ngokuchanekileyo ngokunganqweneli ukuba ngaphezulu kunoko anako, uyakwazi ukubangaphezulu kunokuba ebonakala-, kodwa yenye yeenoveli ezilungileyo eziveliswe loncwadi lwento engekho ngqiqweni.
Ngaba akukho mntu uzakucinga ngabantwana?
"Ukuziphatha kweli bali… Wowu, ndilibele!"
"Mhlawumbi andinasimilo," u-Alicia wazama ukuqaphela.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo inemilinganiselo yokuziphatha!" Wadanduluka uDuchess. Yonke into inemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, imeko kukuyifumana.
Phakathi kwezigxeko eziphambili eziye zafumana UAlice kumhlaba omangalisayos, ngakumbi ngexesha lokupapashwa kwayo, sikufumanisa oko ayinakho ukuziphatha. Yintsomi ngaphambi kwexesha layo, ngaphandle komoya wokuziphatha okruqulayo wezinye iintsomi.. Ukuziphatha akubekwanga ngumbhali, kodwa nganye inokufumana eyahlukileyo phakathi kwamaphepha ayo.
Oku kuziphatha kakubi kwinoveli kumvumela ukuba abonise iimeko ezingenangqondo, ezikhohlakeleyo nezingavakaliyo ngaphandle kokukhalaza. Akukho namnye kubo ozimisele ukufundisa uAlice isifundo, kuphela Menze athandabuze ukuba kude kube ngoko wayecinga "ngokwenyani" kunye "nengqondo."
Ukubaluleka kolwimi
"Uthetha ukuba ungasifumana isisombululo seqhina?" Watsho uMvundla kaMatshi.
"Ngokuchanekileyo," waphendula uAlicia.
"Kwimeko enjalo, kuya kufuneka uthethe okucingayo," wanyanzelisa uMvundla.
"Yile nto ndiyenzayo," uphendule watsho u-Alicia, "okanye ubuncinci ndiyathetha ngale nto ndiyithethayo, efana naleyo."
"Inokufana njani?" Watsho uMzondi. Ikwayinto enye ukuthi "Ndiyakubona endikutyayo" njengo "Nditya endikubonayo"?
"Inokufana njani!" Imemeze uMvundla kaMatshi. Ngaba iyafana into yokuthi "Ndiyayithanda into endinayo" kwaye "Ndinento endiyithandayo"?
Kuyacaca, kungekudala emva kokuba sifunde inoveli, ukuba U-Lewis Carroll ubethelela ukubaluleka kweelwimi. Uninzi lwee-comic, kwaye hayi ezihlekisayo, iimeko ezithi zikhule kuyo ziziphumo Imidlalo yamagama okanye Ukungaqondani kweelwimi.
Ngenxa yale nto, Ababhali abaninzi bafuna ukubona kuCarroll umanduleli wesithandi sobulumko uWittgenstein, ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwithiyori yakhe kwi-isomorphism okanye "isazisi phakathi kolwimi nenyani." Kwelinye icala, isicatshulwa sakhe esidumileyo "yonke into enokuthethwa, ingatshiwa ngokucacileyo; kwaye yintoni ongathethi ngayo, kungcono uvale », ukusuka Itrektarogico-philosophicus, isetyenziswe kwiindinyana ezininzi zeveli.
Uncumo oluyimbonakalo yeCheshire Cat, enye yezona zisekondari zidumileyo UAlice kwiWonderland.
Ukuhla emngxunyeni womvundla
"Kulungile, uneentsuku ezimbini emva kwexesha!" Wancwina uMzonda. Sele ndikuxelele ukuba ibhotolo ayisebenzi! Wongeze wajonga kuMvundla.
Kwaye yayivela kwi bhetele umgangatho, utshilo uMvundla otyumkileyo.
"Ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ibhotolo kufuneka ukuba ifumene iimvuthuluka," wakhuza uHatter; Akufanele ukuba uthambise iwotshi ngemela yesonka.
UMatshi uMvundla wayithatha iwotshi, wayihlola enenkxalabo enkulu, wayifaka kabuhlungu kule teacup; emva koko wayivavanya kwakhona, kodwa akakho enye into ayicingayo ebhetele kunokuphinda le ebeyithetha ngaphambili:
"Yayiyibhotolo evela kwi bhetele umgangatho!
Zininzi izizathu ezinokunikwa ukuba kutheni UAlice kumhlaba omangalisayoIbali elilungileyo, kodwa ndiza kulivala ngeyona nto icacile: kuyonwabisa. Libali elingadinwayo, elothusayo, kwaye liyakhula lide liphele. Amaxesha amaninzi siyalibala ukuba esona sizathu siphambili sokufunda incwadi kungenxa yokuba iyonwabisa, into esikhumbuza yona, kwaye nangaphezulu kokufezekisa, umsebenzi kaCarroll.
Oko kuthi krwaqu nje kubonakala ngathi ibali labantwana liqulethe ibali elinomdla. Kodwa masingakhohliswa: libali labantwana. Nangona oku akuthethi ukuba abantu abadala abanakukwazi ukuyonwabela, kuba ekunyanisekeni kwakhe ulala amandla nobuhle bakhe. UNietzsche uthe "kukho imimoya edaka amanzi ayo ukuze ibonakale inzulu." Mhlawumbi ku UAlice kwiWonderland yinto eyahlukileyo: njengokujonga emazantsi omlambo, mhlawumbi kungenangqondo kwaye akukho ngqiqweni, kodwa kucace gca.
"Yeyiphi indlela yokuphikisana nabo bonke aba bagxeki!" UAlicia wakrokra. Kungenxa yokuba bemqhuba! […] Akhonto… ayinamsebenzi ukuthetha naye! UAlicia wayethetha ngokungathandekiyo. Uyimpundu egqibeleleyo!