Coplas kurufu rwababa vake.
Coplas kurufu rwababa vake Iri ndiro basa rinozivikanwa kwazvo remutambi wenhoroondo wechiSpanish Jena Manrique (1440-1479). Kunyorwa kwacho kwakatanga kubva munaNovember 11, 1476. Yakapedziswa maawa mashoma mushure mekufa kwatenzi Santiago Rodrigo Manrique - baba vemunyori nemutungamiri-, akabatwa nebundu rine gomarara.
Nhetembo iyi inomiririra humwe humbowo hwakakosha hwemabhuku panguva yekugadzwa kweCastilian semutauro unonyanya kutaurwa mundima yeSpanish. Nenzira imwecheteyo, ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa yezviri elegy. Icho chirevo chinonakidza chine chinangwa chikuru chekuchema rufu rwemunhu uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, kukudza hupenyu hwake nebasa.
Munyori
Zuva rekuzvarwa jorge manrique. Kunyangwe vezvakaitika kare vachiwanzobvuma kuti zvakaitika mukati menguva yegore ra1440, muParedes de Nava. Iri taundi nhasi rine chikamu chemaspala, iri mukati medunhu rePalencia, muCastilla y León.
Basa rake rekunyora rakagovaniswa nebasa remauto, mairi, akawana kukwidziridzwa nyore. Zvingava chaizvo pakati pehondo migove kana kufa nguva isati yakwana (nemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe). Akange achirwa mukati memakundi evakundi muHondo Huru yeCastilian Succession. Kurwisana uku kwakaguma nekugadzwa pachigaro kwaIsabel muKaturike.
Basa raJorge Manrique
Zvisinei nekufamba kwake kwekupfuura nepasi revanhu venyama uye nemabasa ake semurwi, Nhetembo dzaJorge Manrique dzaive dzakakura. Hazvishamisi kuti anoonekwa semumwe wevanyori vane simba muIberia muzvizvarwa zvese zvinotevera.
Piyona, akashinga, anotyisa ... zvazvino
Yake burlesque, inoshamisa uye yerudo maitiro yakachengetedza kushanda kwayo panguva yemazuva ano uye postmodernity. Saizvozvo, Hazvisi zvisizvo kuwana zvemazuva ano zvidimbu zvemitambo uye mafirimu ane zvirongwa zvakakanganiswa nezvirongwa zvaManrique., kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki. Saizvozvowo, aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga kugadzirisa zvakashata, pachena uye pasina mazita ekunyepedzera.
Nekudaro - sezvazvaitarisirwa muzana ramakore regumi neshanu - zvakakonzera nyonganiso dzinoverengeka uye kushungurudzika kukuru mukati medenderedzwa remasimba. Kunyange hazvo, pamusoro pechinhu "chakanangwa" chemitsara yayo, maererano nehurongwa hwerondedzero, Icho chaive chakatendeka chinoburitsa chemakona aivepo panguva iyoyo.
Mudetembi ane rudo, anoshamisa uye burlesque zvakaenzana
George Manrique.
Mune mazhinji emabasa ake Manrique akapa nzvimbo yakati wandei kune hunhu uye kuchiva kwakarongedzwa nezvinhu zvakashata. Nechinangwa ichi, akawedzeredza mamiriro kubva kuhupenyu hwake hwepachivande, pamwe nekuwanda kwezviitiko zvake zvekudanana uye kunyangwe imba yake naDona Giomar de Castañeda.
Pakupedzisira, mune mamwe emavhesi ake akapa chiratidzo chechimiro chakakomba, achigadzira misoro senge mhiko dzehurombo uye zvinoreva kuteerera. Zvakaenzana, kukakavadzana kwakauya kubva muruoko rwekusetsa nhema (zvakare kushinga uye pamberi penguva yayo) zvakananga kushandiswa, kudzikisira. Naizvozvo, Manrique akaunganidza huwandu hwakawanda hwevanogumburwa (kunyanya vakadzi).
Coplas kurufu rwababa vake
Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Coplas kurufu rwababa vake
Mukati pezvinyorwa zvaJorge Manrique, Coplas kurufu rwababa vake ibasa rakasarudzika. Kunyanya, maererano nehurongwa, mutauro, chinhu chine rwiyo uye hasha dzepfungwa, izvo zvakasarudzika zviri pachena kana zvichienzaniswa nemabasa apfuura emunyori weCastilian. Uye zvakare, mushure memutero kuna baba vake, akange asina nguva yekunyora zvakawanda.
Nyanduri anobva kuna Parede akashandisa mukana wekunaka kwekunzwa kwakasangana kwakaitika panguva yemariro ababa vake kuvaka dombo rechokwadi remabhuku eCastilian. Haana kana nguva yaakanyara kubva pakurwadziwa, uye haana kuwira mumuedzo wekunakidza manzwiro ake. Mhedzisiro iyi ndeyechokwadi uye yepakutanga basa, rinokwanisa kuburitsa manzwiro mu "inotonhora kwazvo" yevaverengi.
Zvinyorwa zvakapfuura?
Vamwe vaongorori vebasa raManrique vanoti vakawana zvinoratidza kuti chikamu chakanaka cheichi chidimbu chakanyorwa pamberi patenzi Rodrigo Manrique asati afa. Pfungwa, isa chimiro chavo "chekutanga" munguva yakati rebei, iyo inotenderera makore gumi kutenderedza ma10s.
Saizvozvo, inofungidzirwa kuti marongero epakutanga emastanzas akachinjwa panguva yekunyora kunopfuurira. Icho hachisi chokwadi chidiki, sezvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kuziva kwayo kwakaitika apo kushandiswa kwemuchina wekudhinda kwaive kusati kuri nyaya yakajairika.
Maitiro
Manrique anoshandisa chimiro chine zita rinobva pazita rake chairo: manriqueñas sextillas (inonziwo "de pie quebrado"). Yese, basa racho rine mavhesi makumi mana, akapatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Nekudaro, iwo anoumbwa nemavara-masere masere emitauro akabatanidzwa nemamwe emashiripiti matatu, akabatanidzwa mune sextillae maviri maviri. Nhetembo dzinotevera musanganiswa unotevera: abc: abc- def: def.
Thematic
Rukudzo kuna baba runobva mukusimudzira kwehunhu hwavo hwese. Kuna Manrique, mufananidzo wababa muenzaniso wehunhu, huremo uye ushingi. Ipapo, iko kukanganisa kwerufu kunokonzeresa kwese kuratidzika. Chii chinofanira kutarisirwa pazviri? Chii chinoitika kune avo vakafa? ...
Iko kusahadzika kwekutanga kwakasimudza kuunganidza tambo yechidimbu muchikamu chekutanga. Ipapo mumwe mubvunzo une hukama zvakanyanya unomuka: vanoenda kupi (mushure mekufa)? Mukupesana, vavengi vababa vanoita sevanoratidzira zvese zvakashata.
Rufu: asingatarisirwi chipangamazano
Mutsara naJorge Manrique.
Munyori anoshandisa chimiro cherufu semunhu ane chinzvimbo chinotungamira mubasa. Kunyangwe muzvikamu zvekutanga anojekesa kuti iye anongova chikamu cheimwe nzira yakafambwa "muhupenyu", nenzira imwecheteyo iye "mumwe" anokwanisa kuraira avo vachiri "vapenyu" Mupfungwa iyi, anokurudzira (rufu) kuti asakanganwe zvinotevera: kurarama chinhu chenguva pfupi uye panguva imwechete hutsinye.
Chidimbu:
"Kurarama izvo zvinotsungirira."
haukunde nematunhu
zvenyika,
kana nehupenyu hunonakidza
uko kunogara zvivi
hellish;
asi vakanaka vanonamata
ukunde neminamato
uye nemisodzi;
vanokudzwa vane mukurumbira,
nematambudziko nematambudziko
nemaMoor ”.
Mushure mekufa
Imwe sirogani yakaratidzwa nemucheki anotyisa: humwe hupenyu "hwakareba", icha "kuve nembiri ine mbiri kupfuura yakasara pano." Uyezve, munyori anotaridza pamusoro pechokwadi kubatsira kwezvinhu zvemidziyo uye mimwe mibvunzo (iyo mukufamba kwenguva inozopedzisira yave yepamusoro).
Chidimbu:
"Saka zvinhu - kufa
uye nedikita - vanotsvaga
namazuva;
zvakaipa zvinouya zvichimhanya;
mushure mekuuya kwavo, vanopedzisira
zvakawanda".
Mumitsara yekupedzisira, Manrique haakanganwe kutaura kukosha kwaMwari, pamwe nekutaura zvinonzwisisika kuyemura uye kutya kwaKristu. Pakupedzisira, Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uise mumamiriro ezvinhu kukoshesa kwega kwega Coplas kurufu rwababa vake yemunyori. Kuva rimwe remabasa ake ekupedzisira anozivikanwa, kwaive kutsiva kukuru.