jorge manrique

Jorge Manrique aive mudetembi anozivikanwa wechiSpanish wepamberi peRenaissance. Kunyangwe zuva rekuuya kwake munyika risina kujeka, pane kubvumirana kunomuisa muParedes de Nava (parizvino, Castilla y León) mukati megore ra1440. Chero zvazvingava, chisingarambike itsinga yehungwaru iripo mhuri ine simba uye ine simba kune vanokudzwa veCastilian.

Izvo zvataurwa pamusoro zvinosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti babamunini vake vaive mudetembi ane mukurumbira Gómez Manrique uye baba vake vaive Rodrigo Manrique, Count weParedes de Nava. Uyen hudiki hwake akadzidza hunhu uye munzvimbo yemasoja. Akatobudirira kutora chikamu mukukonana kwakasiyana kwemauto. Chaizvoizvo, mune imwe yeiyi kurwa, akawedzera chirevo "usanyepe kana kuzvidemba".

Kufa kwekutanga

Zvisinei nekufa kusati kwasvika, aive nenguva yekuroora Mai Guiomar de Castañeda uye baba vana vaviri: Luir naLuisa. Rufu rwakaitika muna 1479, aingova nemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, panguva yehondo yekuteedzana mukufarira Isabel kurwisa Juana la Beltraneja. Nhasi akavigwa mumonastery yeUclés.

Chinyorwa basa raJorge Manrique

Huwandu hukuru hwezvinyorwa zvemunyori weParedeño zvakakwanisa kudarika nguva uye, nazvo, kukunda nzvimbo mukusafa. SNhetembo dzake dzinoteera mutsara wezvisinganzwisisike uye burlesque, pasina kukanganwa rudo. Basa rake rakakurumbira ndiElegy Coplas kurufu rwababa vake, inokudzwa seyechokwadi chaiwo ezvinyorwa zveSpanish.

Context

Kupfuura kufa kwake mukuzara kwese kwehupenyu, kuzvipira kwake kunyorera kwainakidza. Kunyangwe aine nguva shoma, Manrique aive nemukana wekunyora mabasa mazhinji. Iwo akaiswa mumapoka nevadzidzi muzvikwata zvitatu: rudo, burlesque uye dzidziso. Chaizvoizvo ese ari mukati mekanoni enhetembo dzekunyora dzenguva yacho.

Nhetembo dzemunyori wechiCastilian dzine zvidimbu makumi mashanu. Mavari anotarisa eroticism kuburikidza nezvakanaka zvirevo, (kwenguva yayo izvi zvaimiririra chinyadzo). Zvisinei, haana kukundikana kutevedzera zvirevo zvemitauro zveProvençal nhetembo. Ndokunge, rwiyo rwuri octosyllable ndima, kudzokororwa kwemazwi uye izvo zvinhu zvehondo murudo fananidzo.

Nhetembo dzerudo

Mukugadzirwa kwayo munyori anoshandisa dhiraidhi yehashadour. Pamusoro pe, mune zhinji nhetembo dzake anoita nezve hupenyu hwake hwepamoyo. Naizvozvo, iko kusarudzika kunowedzera kukosha kwavo sezvidimbu zvezvakaitika (uye, chokwadika, inosimbisa kukosha kwavo kwekunyora).

Nhetembo diki

Pakati penhetembo diki dzaJorge Manrique, imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Zvebasa raakaita muchidanho cherudo (yendima 9 chete). Pano zvinoratidza kuzvipira kune vanodiwa mukati mehurongwa hwechitendero hunotarisa mhiko dzehurombo nekuteerera.

Imwe yenhetembo dzake dzekufananidzira ndeiyi Chikero cherudo, mariri inodzivirira hukama hwerudo pachahwo sechinhu chakakosha. Saizvozvo, en Nhare yerudo Wongorora rudo rwekudare, uko mukadzi anopenya nezvipo zvake, nepo mudiwa wake achiita basa rekuyemura hunhu ihwohwo.

Burlesque nziyo

Mukati meichi chimiro, Jorge Manrique akavandudza kusanzwisisika uye kwakananga. Zvakare, yakaputika a mweya wakasviba izvo havasi vese vaverengi vake vakafarira. Mutsetse uyu unongova nezvidimbu zvitatu. En Kune hama yake yaimutadzisa nyaya dzerudo, inoshandisa chirevo chakapetwa kuita fananidzo pakati peiyo isingadewi rudo uye kunze kwetune tune yezita rimwechete (hama).

Ari mukati Coplas kune chikwereti icho chakange chakamurisa brial mutaraveni, Manrique anotsoropodza mukadzi nehasha (ndiani akataura zvakaipa nezvake). Hunhu hwairehwa hwaida kuenderera mberi nekunwa ndokupa jasi rake semubhadharo. Chechitatu, Mushonga waakaitira amai vake vokurera, ine mavhesi zana nemakumi matanhatu, nokudaro, ndiko kunyora kurefu kwazvo kwetatu iyi.

Coplas kurufu rwababa vake

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Coplas kurufu rwababa vake

Kutanga

Akavanyora pachiitiko cherufu rwatenzi Rodrigo Manrique, baba vake, (akabatwa nekenza). Mudetembi akachengeta hukama hwepedyo naye, nekudaro kufa kwake kwakakonzera kushungurudzika kukuru mupfungwa. Kurwadziwa kwake kwese kunoitika kuburikidza nendima dzinosanganisa tsika uye mavambo. Akavanyorera "kupisa", pakarepo mushure mekufa.

Mundima idzi iye akakumikidzwa kutsanangura zvakadzama ruzivo rwekumuka. Zvakaenzana, inoratidza baba vake muhugamba hwake hwese, separagoni yezvakanaka uye azere neushingi. Ikoko, dingindira rerufu rinoswededzwa kubva kuna general kusvika kune wevanhu. Kuburitswa kwayo kwakaitika makore mushure mekufa kwaJorge Manrique uye yakave yakasarudzika yezvinyorwa zveSpanish.

Maitiro

Yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:

• Yokutanga Inoumbwa nezvikamu gumi nezvina zvakanyorwa senzira yekudzidzira tsika. Musimboti wayo unowedzera huzivi mutoni; inosimudza kukosha kushoma kwehupenyu hwepanyika uye simba rekusingaperi rerufu.
• Muchikamu chechipiri pane zvikamu gumi neshanu zvakagadzirirwa kutsakatika kwemuviri ichangopfuura yevanhu vakakosha.
• Chikamu chechitatu chakatsaurwa kurumbidza zvese hupenyu hwababa vake -Uye anorondedzerwa semukristu uye murwi-- vatove vakakurumbira vatambi veRoma.

Pakupedzisira, Manrique anotanga hurukuro nerufu. Pane zvese, mudetembi anokwanisa kumiririra hupenyu hwevanhu nenzira inopfuura uye kuhupenyu husingagumi nechiratidzo chinopfuura.

Chidimbu che Coplas kurufu rwababa vake

III

«Hupenyu hwedu ndiyo nzizi
kuti ivo vari kuzopa mugungwa,
chii chiri kufa;
ndoenda manors
kodzero yekuguma
anodya;
hova dzenzizi dzinoyerera,
ipapo kune vamwe vana vehafu
vamwe vakomana,
hama, zvakafanana
avo vanorarama namaoko ake
nevapfumi.

V

«Nyika ino ndiyo nzira
kune imwe, chii chine shava
pasina kuzvidemba;
zvirinani kuva nehungwaru hwakanaka
kufamba nhasi
pasina kutadza.
Tinoenda patinozvarwa,
tinofamba tichirarama,
uye takasvika
panguva yatinofa;
saka kana tafa,
takazorora ".

Triangle yeManrique

Icho chirongwa chakatangwa mukupera kwema1990 nekuda kwevagari vemudunhu reCuenca, muCastilla-La Mancha. Mutero kune hupenyu nebasa raJorge Manrique kuburikidza nenzira yevashanyi yakagadzirirwa kupemberera nhaka yake uye kuratidza nguva yayo pane aya masaiti.

Kunyanya, Rwendo urwu rune nzvimbo nhatu dzekumira: iyo Castle yeGarcimuñoz, guta reSanta María del Campo-Rus uye maseru eUclés. Muimba yambotaurwa akakuvadzwa zvinouraya, munzvimbo yechipiri akafa uye pekupedzisira akamira guva dzvene.

Kumaka iyo nzira ye "patsva yenhetembo"

Jorge Manrique anoonekwa nevanyori venhau dzakaitika seanoburitsa zvakanyanya zvinyorwa zveSpanish. Who, nekuda kwechimiro chayo, inoratidza iyo Renaissance chiyero nekuda kwekunyora kwayo kwakajeka, ine yakazvininipisa, ine mwero uye yakasikwa maitiro. Iko kusvibiswa kunouya chete kuzoratidzira kureruka uye zvirevo zvekufananidzira zvinowanzoitwa nevanyanduri vezana ramakore regumi nemashanu.