Mazambiringa eHasha
Mazambiringa eHasha -kana Mazambiringa eHasha, nezita rayo rekutanga reChirungu, inhoroondo ine mukurumbira yakanyorwa nemutori wenhau wekuAmerica, munyori wenyaya pfupi, uye munyori wenhau John Steinbeck. Basa racho rakabudiswa kekutanga muna 1939, richiunganidza makakatanwa kubva panguva yekusunungurwa kwaro. Nekudaro, iwo manyoro akave echinyakare, uye akawedzerwa kune runyorwa rweThe 100 Books of the Century maererano. Le Monde.
Saizvozvowo, Mazambiringa eHasha Yakagamuchira John Steinbeck Mubairo wePulitzer weFiction. kunze kwekuwedzera kune yake yakakura repertoire yehits, iyo, zvakare, yaizomubatsira kuhwina Nobel Prize for Literature muna 1962. Saizvozvowo, zita iri nderimwe rinofarirwa nevaverengi vakawanda, nekuda kwedingindira uye chimiro. munyori anoibata nekunaka kwakadaro.
Zvinyorwa zve Mazambiringa eHasha
Nezvemurume asina pekugara
Mazambiringa eHasha Iyo inyaya yakaoma yakaiswa muDust Bowl uye kushushikana kukuru kwayakaita United States muna 1930. Asi, zvakare, Ndiyo nhoroondo yemhuri inomanikidzwa kusiya musha wayo ndokutanga rwendo netariro yokuwana basa. uye nzvimbo iri nani yekugara. Novel inotanga rinhi
Tom Joad akabudiswa mujeri parole mushure mekutongerwa mhosva yekuponda. Paakadzokera kuSallisaw, Oklahoma, Anosangana naJim Casy, aimbova muparidzi waanoyeuka kubva paudiki hwake.. Mushure mekutaura kwekanguva, vanosarudza kufamba vese. Zvisinei, pavanosvika pamba paTom, vanowana musina vanhu zvinova zvinovanetsa uye zvinovavhiringa vose.
Gare gare, muvakidzani anonzi Muley Graves anovaudza kuti maJoad vaenda kunogara pedyo neimba yaSekuru John, uye kuti, zvakare, mabhangi Vakadzinga varimi vese.
Mushure meDust Bowl
Zuva rakatevera, vafambi Vanomuka mambakwedza kuenda kumba kwasekuru John. Uko Ivo vanotorwa kubva kumhuri yaTom, vakatakura zvinhu zvose zvavakanga vasiya murori Guruva Bowl. Iyi yekupedzisira yaive nguva yakaipisisa yemadutu ejecha akaparadza mapurazi, minda, mapani nemapani eUnited States, Mekisiko uye Canada. Nekuda kwedambudziko iri, mhuri iyi haina kukwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvebhangi uye sangano rakatora imba yavo nezvimwe zvinhu zvavo zvakati wandei.
Panguva ino, muSallisaw yose, mapepa pamusoro penyika yeCalifornia anotanga kuparadzirwa, uko nzvimbo yacho inorondedzerwa separadhiso yebasa ine mihoro yakaisvonaka. Vafadzwa nemukana wemumwe mukana, maJoad anodyara izvo zvishoma zvavakasiya murwendo rwavo kuenda kunharaunda iyi isingazivikanwe.
Nekudaro, kusiya Sallisaw kunotyora parole yaTom.. Zvisinei, anofuratira idi racho, achiita nharo kuti iro rakanakisisa nokuda kwavanhu vake.
Ndarama mushure memurarabungu
Enzaniso yekuwana goridhe mushure mekuchera mugero wakareba haigari ichokwadi, uye munyaya yeJoad haina kunyanya kusiyana. Sezvavanofamba vachidzika neRoute 66, vanoona dzimwe mhuri dzakawanda dzichitevera nzira imwe cheteyo, dzichitarisira kuwana chinhu chimwe chete chavari kutsvaga.
Munguva pfupi, Vanofanira kugara mumusasa kuti vazorore. Ikoko, vanoona uye vanoteerera kune vamwe vanhu, vanotaura nyaya dzekuti vamwe vadzoka sei kubva kuCalifornia vasina chinhu.
Asi hapana kudzokera shure. VanaJoadhi vakapa zvinhu zvose nokuda kwemhaka yavo, pakutsvaka kwavo ndarama, saka vanosarudza kuenderera mberi. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzera kuipa apo nhengo mbiri dzemhuri dzinofa uye vamwe vana vanoparadzaniswa neboka racho, kusanganisira mukadzi ane pamuviri. Asi hapana chavanogona kuita kunze kwekuenderera mberi, nekuti muOklahoma hapana chasara kwavari, kana zvirinani hapana chavanogona kuzvipira kwachiri.
Hazvitore maoko akawanda kudaro kubata coin.
Pakusvika muCalifornia, Zvavanowana zvinovaita kuti varase tariro shoma yavaiva nayo.. Nekuda kwekubuda kwevanhu vakawanda kwevarimi, kwaive nemabasa mazhinji akachipa, saka zvakava zvakaoma kuwana basa nemuhoro wakanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, maJoad anofanirwa kutarisana nekushaikwa kwakakwana kwekodzero dzevashandi, kubatwa zvisina kunaka kwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika, uye kuderera kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvavo, zvese munguva imwe chete yenguva.
Mazuva gare gare, maJoad anogara paWeedpatch Camp, iyo Resettlement Administration iri kunze kwenyika iyo inotarisira kugamuchira vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye nekuvapa rubatsiro. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutsiva kunoitwa nevagari veko kune vatsva vanenge kusati kwamboitika, uye zvirongwa zvenzanga zvevanotsvaka hupoteri hazvina kukwana kutarisira nhamba yevanhu vari kutambudzwa. Pakupedzisira, Mazambiringa eHasha Iko kutsoropodza kwakanyanya kwehurongwa.
Nezve munyori, John Ernst Steinbeck
John Ernst Steinbeck akaberekwa musi waFebruary 27, 1902, muSalinas, California, United States. Paaiva mudiki aishanda pamapurazi akati wandei pedyo nemba yevabereki vake. Ikoko akadzidza nezvemamiriro ezvinhu evakabva kune dzimwe nyika uye kuoma kwoupenyu hwose. Ruzivo urwu rwakamupa mukana wekunyora dzimwe dzenyaya dzake dzinozivikanwa zvikuru, dzakadai se YeMakonzo neVarume. Akurudzirwa naamai vake, akava netsika dzokuverenga nokunyora.
Aiita mabasa aya achishanda murabhoritari yeSpreckels Sugar Company, achigadzira chero chavaimukumbira. Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari, Akadzidza English Literature paStanford University, kunyange zvazvo asina kupedza dhigirii rake. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuzvipira kunyora tsamba. Paaishanda semuvaki, akasununguka mupepeti uye mamwe mabasa, akanyora nyaya pfupi, zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvinozivikanwa sehunyanzvi.
Mamwe mabhuku naJohn Steinbeck
Novelas
- Mukombe weGoridhe: Hupenyu hwaSir Henry Morgan - Mukombe weGoridhe (1927);
- The Red Pony (1933);
- Kuna Mwari Asingazivikanwi (1933);
- Tortilla Flat (1935);
- Muhondo Inotyisa (1936);
- Yembeva neVarume (1937);
- Mwedzi Wadzika (1942);
- Cannery Row — The Cannery Slums (1945);
- Bhazi reWayward — Bhazi Rakarasika (1947);
- The Pearl (1947);
- Kusvira Bright (1950);
- Kumabvazuva kweEdheni - Kumabvazuva kweEdheni (1952);
- China Inotapira (1954);
- Kutonga Kupfupi kwePippin IV: Kugadzirwa - Kutonga Kupfupi kwePippin IV (1957);
- Chando cheKusagutsikana Kwedu - Nguva yechando yekusagutsikana kwangu (1961);
- Mabasa aMambo Arthur uye Noble Knights (1976);
Ngano
- "Mafuro eKudenga" (1932);
- "Mupata Wakareba" - "Mupata Wakareba" (1938).
Kwete ngano
- Gungwa reCortez: A Leisurely Journal Yekufamba uye Tsvagiridzo - Gungwa reCortez (1941);
- Mabhomba Kure: Nyaya yeBomber Team (1942);
- A Russian Journal - A Russian diary (1948);
- Iyo Logi kubva kuGungwa reCortez (1951);
- Pane Pakambove neHondo (1958);
- Anofamba naCharley: Mukutsvaga America (1962);
- America neAmerica (1966);
- Chinyorwa cheNovel: The East of Eden Letters (1969);
- Mazuva Ekushanda: Zvinyorwa zveMazambiringa eHasha (1989).
Zvinyorwa
- Musha Wakakanganwa (1941);
- Rarama Zapata! (1952).