Rondedzero yenganonyorwa yesainzi yakakura zvakanyanya sezvo zana remakore rechimakumi maviri richifambira mberi mumakumi emakore. Asi zvakamuka kare. Vamwe vanodaro Frankenstein kana iye ano Prometheus naMary Shelley rakanga riri rekutanga remabhuku aya ose nhasi anofadza vaduku nevakuru. Asi kunakidzwa uku nengano dzesainzi, sezvatinotaura, kunodzokera kumashure.
Nhasi, ngano dzinopindawo mungano dzesainzi dziri kuramba dzichigadzirwa, dzakadai sedzinorumbidzwa Nyaya yaMhandara, rakagadzirwa naMargaret Atwood. Kunyange zvazvo zvakasimba chikadzi chinoda sainzi, chimwe chinhu chaicho uye chinoramba, iyo inosanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekufungidzira. Nemamwe mashoko, ruzivo rwesainzi runowedzera kutenda kungano. Kunyangwe akawanda dystopias anofarira kuve weiyo genre. Zvakadaro, zvinogara zvakaoma kutaura nezvemanovhero emhando umo mune zvakawanda uye zvakanaka. Ngationei, ipapoka, mimwe mienzaniso yenganovhero dzesayenzi.
mabhuku enganonyorwa dzesainzi
Mary Shelley angadai akave piyona mukuru wesayenzi yenhema; nemumwe mukadzi, Ursula K. Le Guin ndiye aitarisira kupa ruremekedzo rwekunyora kungano dzesainzi dzemazuva ano.. Zvino kune vanyori vakakosha vekare, vakadai saIsaac Asimov, Ray Bradbury, Aldous Huxley, George Orwell, Stanislaw Lem, HG Wells kana Philip K. Dick, vakagadzira basa ravo panguva ye tiguu ngano dzesainzi pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Nezvose pane musanganiswa unoratidza rudzi. Sei mazhinji emabasa makuru evanyori ava dystopias ayo ane deft huchenjeri anofungidzira anovhiringidza maonero emangwana.. Uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvinobatsira zvikuru ipapo kuunza zvinhu zvemagetsi uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji. Mamwe mabasa akaumbwa munzvimbo ine rima uye isingaperi, nzvimbo iyo pfungwa dzedu dzinofamba kana tichifunga nezvemhando. Kunyange fungidziro nesainzi ngano dzinoendawo pamwe chete.
Naizvozvo, fungidziro uye mavambo mungano dzesainzi hazvirambiki, zvingangoitika zvakapamhama kwazvo. Uye izvi, pamwe chete nezvirongwa zvekuona izvo nyaya dzinonyatsoenderana nazvo, zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwemafirimu anogadziridzwa, ayo nenzira yavo vaiziva nzira yekutsvenesa iyo genre papuratifomu yeaudiovisual (kunyangwe dzimwe nguva paine zvakawanda. kana kubudirira kushoma). ).
Nenzira imwecheteyo hapana anokahadzika kukosha kwechikadzi pakusimudzira tsika nekutaura kwezvinyorwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kune vazhinji vanyori vatsva vanokurudzirwa kugadzira zvemhando yepamusoro nyaya dzengano dzinotibatsira kunzwisisa nyika ino zviri nani.
Saizvozvowo, rudzi urwu, pamusoro pekunzwisisa nzanga yedu uye kutiita kuti tizive zvakatipoteredza, runotinyevera nezvenjodzi dzatove pano. Kunotibatsirawo kurota uye kuramba tichitenda kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvechokwadi zvinogoneka. Sayenzi ngano inoumbwa mutsinhirano yakakwana nefungidziro uye izvo zvinogona kuva zvinonzwisisika zvakakwana. Kana kuti tingadai takadavira here mazana amakore, kana kuti kunyange makumi amakore apfuura, kuti ma<em>smartphone, motokari dzemagetsi, kana kuti kufamba muchadenga zvingave chaizvoizvo uye rutivi rwenyika ino? Kudai akatiudza, izvozvo zvaizoita sengano yesayenzi.
Sainzi Fiction Novels: Mamwe Mazita Anozivikanwa
Nyika Itsva Yakashinga (1932)
Rimwe remabhuku makuru ekutanga ezana remakore rapfuura. Yakanyorwa naAldous Huxley uyo anotipa kurara, anenge akashamisika maonero evanhu vakarasikirwa nehunhu hwavo mune iyi dystopia. Sei vanhu, kunze kwekunambwa mumachubhu ebvunzo, vanoiswa muboka kubva vasati vazvarwa kuti vave nechinzvimbo munzanga. Neimwe nzira dambudziko rerusununguko rinobviswa, chii chekuita nazvo? Kuchii kana kupi kwatinofanira kunangidzira upenyu hwedu? Pakupedzisira munhu wese ane basa pachiyero chesocial. Mugadziriro ino munhu wose anofara uye hapana anombofunga nezvokupanduka..
1984 (1949)
1984 ibhuku raGeorge Orwell rinokurudzira imwe hurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri umo matanho ese nezviito zvevagari zvinotariswa nguva dzese, zvakare mudzimba dzavo. Hapana nzvimbo yekufamba kupi zvako kunoonekwa sekusina hurongwa; basa, hukama uye kunyange kufunga zvinodzorwa pasi peziso resimbi reBig Brother. 1984 Hapana mubvunzo kuti ndeimwe yemanovhero ane simba uye anoshamisa emuzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Martian Chronicles (1950)
Ray Bradbury ndomumwe wevanyori vakuru vesainzi ngano; Akanyora nyaya, zvinyorwa zvemafirimu, zvinyorwa uye zvakare mitambo. Martian Makoronike Inoumbwa nenhevedzano yenyaya dzinorondedzera kuumbwa kwepasi Mars nevanhu.. Izvi zvinofanirwa kubva paPasi uye zvinovavarira kushandura nyika itsva kuita kopi chaiyo yezvavakasiya panyika yebhuruu. Ukama huri pakati pevakoloni nevaMartians hunoratidzwa sekudzokorora kwezvakatoitika panyika yedu kwemazana emakore nekukunda uye nechisimba. Dzimwe nyaya dzinoshamisa dzinoenda kukufungisisa.
Fahrenheit 451 (1953)
Ray Bradbury's inonyanya kufarirwa novel. Vazhinji vanenge vatoziva kuti musoro waro unobva pakuti patembiricha apa ndipo panotsva bepa. Uye nyaya iri kutsva. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yaGuy Montag, muchengeti wemoto mune iyo nyanzvi dzepasi rose mumunda wavo dzakatsaurirwa kutanga moto, kwete kudzimisa. Basa rake nderekupisa mabhuku, nekuti zvinhu izvi zvinongokonzera kutambura nemazano azviri.. Kuverenga kunorambidzwa uye chiito chechokwadi chekupandukira kuchengeta mabhuku kumba. Iri kunyanya ibhuku rakakodzera kuverengazve nguva dzese.
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
Basa raArthur C. Clarke zvichida rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda kwebhaisikopo rinotungamirirwa naStanley Kubrick. Zvisinei, iri nderimwe remabhuku iwayo akagadzirira nzira yomubvunzo unozivikanwa zvikuru wokuti: tiri toga here muchisiko chapose pose? Iri pamusoro perwendo rwemuchadenga mukusuwa kwevanhu kutsvaga mhinduro.. Iyo inyaya ine enigmatic umo nguva nenzvimbo zvinopikiswa, umo mibvunzo mikuru iripo ndeye protagonists. Kune rimwe divi, zvakanaka zvakare kutaura kuti munyori akapa zvakawanda kufirimu raKubrick.
Ruoko rworuboshwe rweRima (1969)
Iri ingano rinoshamisa nekunyora Ursula K. Le Guin iro yakasimbisa kuti ngano yesainzi imhando yakakodzera zvayo uye inoremekedzwa. Munyori akasika nyika inonzi Geden umo vagari vayo vasina bonde zvachose kana kuti murume kana mukadzi, ivo vari androgynous uye vane mutable biology zvichienderana nekuti inguvai yemwedzi. Novel inokwanisa kutyora taboos dzese.
Rima Frontier (2020)
Mubairo Minotaur 2020, muganhu wakasviba inoisa chinyorwa chitsva kune iyi runyorwa, iyo inoratidza kuti ine simba uye yemhando yemhando ichiri mhenyu kupfuura nakare kose. Novel yaSabino Cabeza inotiendesa kunzvimbo ine rima uye iri kure kwazvo. Huwandu hwevanhu hwapararira pamusoro pezviuru zvemapuraneti. Kune rumwe rutivi, gomba dema rakaonekwa panguva imwe chete sechikepe chisinganzwisisike, pamucheto wegomba rakati. Kaputeni anonzi Florence Schiaparelli anofanira kusarudza pakati pekuchengetedza vashandi vengarava iyoyo kana kufambira mberi mukudzidza kwegomba. Iyo novel inonongedza zvese zvechinyakare space science fiction..
