Zvakataurwa naJuan Valera
Juan Valera ndomumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kunyorera zvinyorwa zveSpanish zvezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Chimiro chake chaive chakasiyana uye chisingaenzaniswi, chinoratidzwa nekuratidzira hupenyu chaihwo, asi nenzira yakashongedzwa uye yakasarudzika. Ndiwo masikirwo aakaita Pepita Jimenez (1874), nyaya yaishamisa vaverengi nevatsoropodzi venguva iyoyo, ikava basa rinozivikanwa muSpain nepasirese.
Mubasa rake rakawanda semunyori, Valera akapinda mumhando dzinoverengeka dzekunyora, achiuya kuzotonga nhetembo, nyaya pfupi, tsamba, novel uye theatre.. Mazhinji emabasa aya akatsikiswa uye akatogadziridzwa firimu, theatre kana terevhizheni. Saizvozvo, nekufamba kwenguva akati wandei kuunganidzwa kwebasa rake rakazara akaunzwa, achangoburwa ayo akatanga muna 1995.
Mabasa naJuan Valera
Pepita Jimenez (1874)
Iri ibasa rekutanga reSpanish, iro rakatanga kunyora muna 1873 uye rakazoburitswa gore rakatevera. Munyori akati akagadzira chinyorwa kubva mugwaro rakawanikwa mutemberi muAndalusia. Chinyorwa chine zvikamu zviviri: chimwe chinotaurirwa sechinyorwa cheepistolary (tsamba kubva kune protagonist kuenda kuna babamunini vake) uye imwe ingano mumunhu wechitatu.
Muna 1895, muimbi ane mukurumbira wekuSpain Isaac Albéniz akaimba opera yakavakirwa pachirongwa che. Nugget. Saizvozvo, yakagadziridzwa kubhaisikopo pazviitiko zvina: 1927, 1946, 1975 uye 1978. Iyi yazvino vhezheni yakatungamirirwa naManuel Aguado uye yakaratidzwa muzvikamu neTVE. Imwe vhezheni yemitambo yakatanga kuratidzwa muna 1896 paTeatro del Liceo muBarcelona yakagadzirwawo.
Zvinyorwa
louis de vargas yakanga iri mudzidzi kumuprista makumi maviri nechimwe Akadzokera kumba kwezororo rekupedzisira vasati vavhota. pamusangano zvakare nababa vake -Mr. Pedro- akamusuma kumusikana wake, Pepita Jimenez. Akashamiswa nemusikana wechidiki, museminari akatanga kukahadzika basa rake nekusangana kwega kwega naamai vake vekurera.
Luis akatanga nehondo huru yemweya pakati perudo rwehumwari nerwemunhu, rwaakataura mutsamba kuna babamunini vake Dean. Pakupedzisira, chido chaive chakasimba kupfuura chikonzero uye vechidiki vaviri vakapenga murudo.. Ipapo ndipo apo Pepita anomanikidza Luis kuti azivise zvese kuna baba vake, avo vanozovashamisa nemaitiro ake.
Mukadzi Chiedza (1879)
Iri ibhuku rechishanu remunyori, rakatsikiswa kekutanga mubhuku Contemporary Magazine pakati paNovember 1878 naKurume 1879. Sezvo mukati Pepita Jimenez (1874), protagonist yake yakabvaruka pakati perudo rwenyama nerwekudenga. Zvisinei, kufamba kwezviitiko hakuna kutungamirira kumugumo unofadza. Kusiyana neakafanotangira, mugumisiro wacho unosuruvarisa zvikuru.
Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Zvinyorwa
Luz akarerwa nababa vake chete, Marquis wokuVillafría, sezvo amai vake—mukadzi ane mavambo asina chokwadi—vakafa paaiva nemakore maviri. Kunyangwe kuve wevanhu vepamusoro veMadrid, vose vaifanira kutamira kutaundi duku muAndalusia. Chikonzero: aristocrat akapambadza hupfumi hwake panguva yekudzungaira kwake muguta guru reSpain
Kana yaiswa mukati Villafria, the marquis,aive atoparara nemari. akarwara ndokufa. Asati afa, akasiya Don Acisclo—maneja wemhuri—atarisire Luz. Saka, mukadzi wechidiki akava mukadzi akadzidza asina zvirongwa zvekuroorana. Asi, zvinhu zvose zvakachinja paakasangana nemufiri Dominico Enrique uye musoja Don Jaime Pimentel.
Juanita Murefu (1895)
Inyaya yerudo yakabudiswa muna Kusasarura pakati paOctober naDecember 1895. Zviitiko zvakashumwa zvinoitika muVillalegre, pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kuronga kwaro kunoenderana nekudanana kwemurume mukuru nemusikana.. Iri novhero rinomira pachena nekubata kwaro kwekuseka, netsika uye mataurirwo ekutaura, pamwe netsananguro ine hunyanzvi yeSpain yenguva iyoyo.
Zvinyorwa
Juanita mumwe weva udiki akanakisa mudhorobha, saka, zvose varume varipo vanoda kumukunda. Zvisinei, ane hanya chete munhu: Don Paco, who, zvisinei katatu zera rake, inoenderanawo nazvo. Zvichakadaro, vose vari vaviri vanofanira kurwisana kuti vadzivirire rudo rwavo panzanga inonyengera inovarangarira kuva isina tsika.
Genius uye nhamba (1897)
Iri rimwe remabhuku emunyori anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunakidzwa kwekunyora kwakakonzerwa nedingindira rayo padyo neFrench erotic novel. Pachiitiko ichi, chiito chinoitika pakati peRio de Janeiro neParis, uko nzanga yepamusoro yenzvimbo mbiri idzi inotora chikamu. Mukuzadzisa, iyo nyaya inofemerwa nezviitiko uye zverudo zvemunyori weIberia panguva yake muguta reBrazil..
Zvinyorwa
Raphael mukadzi wechiAndalusian anozivikanwa sa "La Generosa", mukadzi uyo, nekuda kwehungwaru uye hunhu hwake, kuwana muchato wakanaka Mubatanidzwa wambotaurwa wakamubvumira kuti amire muboka revanhu veRio de Janeiro neParis.. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kuchinja tsika dzakamuita kuti awane chinzvimbo ichocho, kwete pasina aizivikanwa se“musikana hongu”.
morsamor (1899)
Iri ibasa rekupedzisira remunyori weCordovan, rakaburitswa muMadrid muna 1899. Iri inhoroondo yezvakaitika kare ine zvimwe zvinobata zvezvinyorwa zvekufungidzira. Protagonist ndiFray Miguel de Zuheros, mugari wechikuru wemonastery ane hunhu hwakapfava, hukasharara uye husingagutsikane. Asi rimwe zuva anotanga kusiya kugumbuka kwake shure paanomuka aita mudiki nekuita kwemushonga.
Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Zvinyorwa
Fray Ambrosio de Utrera - chiremba wemashiripiti - anopa mutambi mukuru chiveve chinopedza simba. pakumuka, Fray Miguel de Zuheros anozviwana avandudzwa. Nekushandurwa uku, murume anosarudza kutenderera pasirese achiperekedzwa naFray Tiburcio.
Parwendo rwako, vaferi vanosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu asingaperi pakati perudo, kushungurudzika, kukunda uye kukundwa. Aya ndiwo mafambiro anoita makore kusvika protagonist adzokera kumusangano waakasiya. Ikoko unogona kuvhara kutenderera kwehupenyu hwako murunyararo uye wakamisikidzwa nerudo rwehumwari.
Nezve munyori, Juan Valera
John Valera
Juan Valera naAlcalá-Galiano Akazvarwa neMuvhuro, Gumiguru 18, 1824, mutaundi reSpain Cabra yedunhu reCórdoba. Vabereki vake vaive mukuru weNavy José Valera y Viaña, uye Marquesa de la Paniega Dolores Alcalá-Galiano y Pareja. Apo munyori wenguva yemberi akanga ari mwana, mhuri yakatamira kuMadrid uye nokukurumidza pashure paMalaga nokuda kwemabasa ehondo yababa..
Pakati pemakore 1837 na1840, Valera akadzidza Mutauro nePhilosophy paseminari yeMalaga. Muna 1841 akatanga zvidzidzo zvake paSacromonte muGranada, kwaakapedza kudzidza muPhilosophy uye Law paYunivhesiti yeGranada muna 1846. Munguva yake kuyunivhesiti akatanga kubudisa nhetembo dzake dzokutanga uye aiva muteveri akatendeka wenhetembo dzerudo.
Diplomatic uye zvematongerwo enyika basa
Muna 1847 akatanga semumiriri paakapinda mumiriri muNaples naÁngel de Saavedra, Duke weRivas. Nekuda kweizvi, akafamba muEurope neAmerica, kwaakashanda mumamiriri akakosha eSpain. Makore gumi nerimwe gare gare, akasarudza kugara muMadrid uye kumbosiya vamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika kuti azvipire kune zvematongerwo enyika.
Mabhuku ekunyora
akatanga zvake basa rekunyora semudetembi nebhuku rake rokutanga rondedzero dzenhetembo (1844), ayo makopi matatu chete akatengeswa. Maive muna 1874 paakapinda mumhando yerondedzero na Pepita Jimenez (1874). Gare gare, akaenderera mberi nemamwe mabhuku akabudirira akadai se: Kunyepa kwachiremba Faustino (1875) uye Commander Mendoza (1877).
Danho rekutanga iri semunyori wemabhuku akavhara naro Mukadzi Chiedza (1879), akazotora zororo nekuda kwehupofu hwake huri kuwedzera. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, makore gumi nematanhatu gare gare akatangazve basa rake rekunyora nerondedzero ina itsva dzakapedzwa asati afa (yakaitika muna Kubvumbi 18, 1905). Pakati peaya mabasa anobuda pachena Juanita Murefu (1895) uye Genius uye nhamba (1897).
Zvinyorwa naJuan Valera
- Pepita Jimenez (1874)
- Kunyepa kwachiremba Faustino (1875)
- Commander Mendoza (1877)
- chenjera (1878)
- Mukadzi Chiedza (1879)
- Juanita Murefu (1895)
- Genius uye nhamba (1897)
- morsamor (1899).