Gomo remashiripiti (The Zauberberg) ibhuku rekare remutauro wechiGerman rakaburitswa muna 1924. Ndiro rakanyanya kukosha kudhindwa kwaThomas Mann, bhuku rakakura rine kufarira kwakanangana nekudzika kwemafungiro aro, kwete zvakanyanya parondedzero. Homwe-saizi akaribudisazve muchiSpanish.
Iri bhuku rehungwaru rakahwina mubairo weNobel weLitera muna 1929 rinofungisisa pamusoro pemisoro yakasiyana panguva imwe chete iyo inotiratidza. mutauriri, Hans Castorp, achishanyira hama yake mune imwe sanatorium muSwitzerland Alps. Nguva ichave inokonzeresa pfungwa uye kudzidza kwemutambi anozokomberedzwa nemamwe mavara akada kukosha saiye. Ichi chinyorwa chezvinyorwa zvepasi rose chakatsanangurwa naMann pachake sechinyorwa chenguva.
Gomo remashiripiti: kana novel yenguva
Kufungidzira muBerghof
Hans Castorp murume wechidiki anouya kuSwitzerland Alps kuzoshanyira hama yake, Joachim Ziemssen, paBerghof sanatorium. Pakutanga, aizogara kwemavhiki mashomanana, asi kugara kwake kwakaguma kwawedzerwa uye munzvimbo iyoyo akasangana nevanhu vaimunyudza mukufungisisa kwenguva refu munzvimbo yakanyarara. Uku kuyerera kwechinguvana kuchagadzirisa rondedzero pamwe neruzivo rwemutambi. Chiratidzo chenyika munzvimbo ino yechisikigo chinotanga kutora pfungwa dzakasiyana mukugara kwakasarudzika muSwiss sanatorium.
Chokwadi ndechekuti mukadzi waThomas Mann akange apinzwa kune imwe sangano nguva yadarika uye kushanya kwake kwakazove kwakakonzera kugadzira. ino inofungidzira inovhero apo nguva inorasa chirevo uye kunyangwe kufarira. Ndosaka akaitsanangura se "novel yenguva". Muvaraidzo iyi, Mann anotora mukana wekuongorora nyaya dzinopfuura senge mamiriro emunhu pachawo, hupenyu nekuvapo, kana rudo rwakadzama.
Mann anoshanyirazve hafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX sezvaakanyora chinyorwa kwemakore anopfuura gumi. In Gomo remashiripiti vertebrates anowanikwa kutanga kwezana remakore rine mhirizhonga umo zvinhu zvevanhu zvakaita sezviya zvine chekuita nemabhunu nekuderera kwaro zvinobuda pachena., dingindira rinodzokororwa muchinyoreso chomunyori wokuGermany. Chikamu chekutanga chezana remakore rechiXNUMX chinopera neHondo Yenyika I, isingadzivisiki kana iri kure munzvimbo yebhuku.
A Bildungsroman
Pamusoro peinoveli yenguva, iri zvakare bhuku rekudzidza, iro muchiGerman rinozivikanwa se Bildungsroman. Injiniya wechidiki Castorp anofadzwa nezvaanowana mukiriniki iri kure, kure nezvinoitika mhiri kwemakomo. Pfungwa yenguva ichave imwe yezvinofungwa, uye pesvedzero yenzvimbo nevagari vayo ichakutungamirira kukufungazve revo yezvinhu zvakawanda. Gomo remashiripiti Naizvozvo, ibhuku rekudzidza iro nguva iri chiyero chinosiya nhoroondo kumashure. Zvisinei, rondedzero inobatsira Thomas Mann kufumura pfungwa nemafungiro ainyanya kumunetsa nenzira iri nyore uye neimwe nzira inosvikika.
Munzvimbo yekufungisisa yakadai, kugara kwe protagonist kunomira, asi kwete kuziva kwake uye kungwara. Rinovhero rinopinzawo vaverengi munhaurirano nehondo dzekutaura pakati pepfungwa dzakasununguka uye dzehudzvanyiriri. iyo inotyisidzira Europe pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Misoro yakadai sezvematongerwo enyika, nhoroondo uye mweya zvichave zvisingagumi pakati pemapeji ayo. Saizvozvowo, kiriniki yetibhii inova musha waHans muduku. Nechikonzero ichi, dzimwe nyaya dzakadai sehurwere nerufu dzinomira pachena nepedyo uye zviri pachena kuonana.
Chinyorwa chekufungisisa chakaitwa pasina kukurumidza
Munyori akatanga kuinyora muna 1912, saka kukura kwayo kwainonoka uye mapeji akawedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Chakatanga sepfungwa yakavakirwa pachiitiko chemunhu chakava basa rakakura, rakafungwa zvakanyanya uye rakatsanangurwa. Gomo remashiripiti inoumba fungidziro huru uye yakapinza pamunhu, kana zvematongerwo enyika, ine mavara akajeka kwazvo.
Pakati pezvakawanda zvinotungamira zvinongedzo nevanyori izvo Thomas Mann akagashira mubasa rake rose, pamwe nemubhuku rino, ndiGoethe, Freud, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer kana Bhaibheri. In Gomo remashiripiti nyaya inodarika zvinotarisirwa nemuverengi uye inotanga kuzvidza ruzivo rwavo nekutonga.
CONCLUSIONS
Gomo remashiripiti Izvo zvinhu zvakawanda: bhuku rehuzivi uye rekufungisisa, rekudzidza kana renguva, sekuda kwaro musiki waro. Maari vatambi vakangokosha sekumashure kwebhuku nemadingindira akasiyana anobatwa nawo: hupenyu nerufu, kutenda, kurwara, rudo, zvematongerwo enyika kana mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakaitika panguva yekunyora, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mamiriro emunhu anoonekwa kuburikidza nekuderera kwemeso eEuropean bourgeois mufananidzo wakadzama weiyi kirasi yemagariro muchikamu chekutanga chezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Zvisinei, novel haigoni kuderedzwa chete kuboka revanhu, sezvo Mann achiedza kufumura kukanganisika kwomuzvarirwo kwomunhu.. Kuonekwa kubva nhasi, rinoramba riri chinyorwa umo zvidzidzo zvitsva zvinogona kutorwa. Yakakura yekirasi yakahwina mujaho uchipesana nenguva, uye kuverenga kunofadza.
Sobre el autor
Thomas Mann akaberekerwa muLübeck (Empire yeGermany) muna 1875.. Aive wemhuri yakapfuma uye achiri mwana akatanga kunyora. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori vakanyanya kukosha vehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechiXNUMX uye anomira pachena kune zvinyorwa zvake, nyaya pfupi uye zvinyorwa. Nyangwe Gomo remashiripiti Iri ibasa rake rine mukurumbira uye rinozivikanwa, Pazera remakore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu, akaburitsa bhuku rake rekutanga, iro raizopedzisira ramutsanangura semunyori, The Buddenbrocks (1901), umo anoratidza imwe yenyaya dzake huru, kuderera kwemabhunu. Muna 1929 akagamuchira mubairo weNobel weLiterature thanks, musimboti, kune ino novhero.
Mafungiro ake nebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika zvakamuisa munzvimbo isingafadzi apo utongi hwaHitler hwakakunda muGermany muma30, saka akakunda. muna 1933 akaenda kuutapwa kuSwitzerland ndokuzoenda kuUnited States. Munyika iyi akagamuchira chizvarwa uye akaenderera mberi nekunyora kwake achiparadzira pfungwa inopikisa fascist. Akadzokera kuSwitzerland makore matatu asati afa muZurich muna 1955.. Akagamuchirawo mubairo weGoethe wepamusoro uye akaburitsa mamwe mabhuku ekusungirwa kutaura akadai Kufa muvenice (1911), Josefa navakoma vake (1934), iyo yakatanga tetralogy, uye Chiremba Faustus (1947).