Fountainovejuna
Fountainovejuna is a tragicomedy yakakamurwa kuita zviito zvitatu. Uyu mutambo wakanyorwa munguva yeGolden Age—zvikurukuru, pakati pa1612 na1614—nemunyori wemitambo wokuSpain Lope de Vega. Zvadaro, chinyorwa chakabudiswa muna 1619, mukati me Dozena sic Chikamu cheLope de Vega's Comedies. Iri bhuku rinotorwa sechimwe chezvinyorwa zvikuru zvemunyori, pamwe chete nemazita akadai Mutungamiriri weOcaña uye The best meya, mambo y peribanez.
Sezvakaita mazhinji emabasa emunyori weChirungu uye mudetembi William Shakespeare, Fountainovejuna razova mufananidzo wekurwisana kwevanhu: iyo yevanhu vanobatana kuti vapedze kusaruramisira kunovakuvadza nekuvanyadzisa, vachivatorera chiremerera nekukosha kwavo.
Pfupiso ye Fountainovejuna
Chiito chekutanga (Iyo nzira, 12 zviratidziro)
munhu akaipa anoshamisa
Fountainovejuna Yakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo enhau. Inobata nguva yemadzimambo echiKaturike, Isabel naFernando—1474-1516—. Zvirongwa zviviri, imwe yemagariro uye imwe yezvematongerwo enyika, inopindirana uye inogadzirisa zviitiko. Izvi zvinoitika mutaundi reCordoba reFuente Obejuna. Chaizvoizvo, rondedzero inotevera Mutungamiriri Fernán Gómez de Guzmán, ari kuAlmagro, paanenge achitaura natenzi weCalatrava.
Fernán ari kunetseka nezvekutanga kwehondo. Mambo akangofa uye kune mapoka maviri ari kutsvaga kugadzwa kwamambokadzi mutsva: hanzvadzi yake Isabel, uye anofungidzirwa mwanasikana wake anonzi Juana. Zvakanakira Gómez de Guzmán kuti Juana anosarudzwaNokuda kwechikonzero ichi, anoenda kunoona tenzi waCalatrava, kuti amunyengetedze kuti arwe naye.
Murume uyu ndewesangano rechitendero rine simba rinoramba kuteerera mirayiro yamambo chero upi zvake, nokuti inopiwa naMwari wavo chete. Zvakadaro, Mushure mekutamba pamashoko, Fernán anomunyengetedza kuti abatanidze chikonzero chake.
MuObejuna Tsime
MuFuente Obejuna mune vagari mazana mashanu chete, uye hupenyu hunowanzopfuura zvakadzikama. Nyika idzi ndedzekorona yeSpain, asi madzimambo anobvumira Mutungamiriri weHupenyu kuti azvishandise mukutsinhana nekudzivirirwa kwemauto. Zvisinei, Fernán haadziviriri vagari vomumusha, asi anotovashungurudza. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi ndipo patinosangana naPascuala naLaurencia.
Wekupedzisira mwanasikana waMayor Esteban. Madzimai vanotaura kuti vaneta nemabatirwo anoitwa vanhukadzi naCommander, waanoshandisa asingasaruri kugutsa zvishuvo zvake zvenyama. Kazhinji, Fernán anoshandisa kodzero yekubata - anoba vachangobva kuchata uye anovamanikidza kuti vagoverane mubhedha wake. Iyi inzira yekusimudzira kukundwa kwevagari vemo.
Kutorwa kweCiudad Real
Mutungamiriri nevashandi vake vanosvika paFuente Obejuna pakati pehurukuro yevakadzi, achizvikudza achiti kukunda kwake muCiudad Real. Pakutanga, vagari vemo vanoombera basa rake. Zvisinei, murume wacho anosarudza kuzvipa mubayiro nokupamba Laurencia naPascuala. Madzimai anopikisa ndokutiza. Fernán anoshamisika uye akatsamwa.
Mukati, anonzwa kuti ikodzero yake, uye kuti haafi akakanganwa utsinye hwakadaro. Zvichakadaro, anonyepedzera chigaro, Isabel, nemurume wake Fernando, vanosarudza kutumira mauto avo kuti adzore Ciudad Real., kuitira kudzivirira kusvika kwemauto aJuana nevamwe vake. Fernán anofuratira danho iri, nokuti anonzwa kuti akunda. Gare gare, Mutungamiriri anowana Laurencia musango.
Kunetsana nevadikani
Fernán anodavira kuti Laurencia ari oga, asi ari pamwe chete nomumwe mudiwa wechiduku anonzi Frondoso. Maminitsi asati apfuura, mukomana akateterera mukadzi wacho kuti aroore pakarepo, asi haana kuda, nokuti aifunga kuti vaifanira kumirira kuti vakumbire baba vake mvumo. Frondoso paakanzwa bhiza raCommander anobva ahwanda kuseri kwemiti.
Ipapo Fernán anoswedera kuna Laurencia ndokumuisa makona nemuchinjikwa wake.. Zvisinei, mashizha anosiya nzvimbo yake yokuvanda, anotora chombo onongedzera kuna Commander achida kuti asunungure mudiwa wake. Murume wacho anobva asara asina chimwe chaangaita kunze kwokutiza netsoka, anyadziswa uye asina pfuti.
Chechipiri Chiito (Iyo Knot, 17 mifananidzo)
Nguva inotevera, vagari vomumusha vanoita gungano. Vanotaura nezvenyaya dzakasiyana-siyana uye havagoni kudzivisa kutaura nezvokuedza kubatwa chibharo uko Laurencia akatambura. Meya paanoziva nezvechichemo chacho, Mutungamiriri wacho anodzokera kutaundi racho, uye anonangana nevagari varo achitya. Fernán Gómez anovayeuchidza kuti havana rukudzo rwekuva vanhuwo zvavo.
Anovatsanangurirawo kuti madzimai avo anofanira kunzwa ane rombo rakanaka kuva nehanya navo. Mutungamiriri achikurukura nevashandi vake kuti sei vagari vomumusha vapanduka kudaro, Nhau nyowani dzinosvika: Ciudad Real yakadzorerwa naIsabel naFernandoSaka Fernán anomhanya kuti aongorore zvakaitika.
Zveshamwari dzakanaka uye kurwa kwenguva refu
Laurencia naPascuala vari pamberi pegungwa, vari pamwe chete nejaya rinoseka rinonzi Mengo. Vanoreurura kwaari kutya kwavanoita Commander. Panguva ino, Laurencia anotsinhirawo kuti Frondoso murume mukuru, uye kuti anoyemura ushingi hwaakamudzivirira nahwo., kunyange asati agadzirira kumubata ruoko. Maminitsi gare gare, mumwe mugari wemumusha anonzi Jacinta anosvika. Mukadzi uyu anotiza varume vaCommander, vanomudzingirira vachida kumubata chibharo.
Zvadaro, Mengo anokumbira vakadzi kuti vatize. Zvichakadaro, anosara kumashure kuti adzivirire Jacinta. Chinhu chekutanga chaanoedza kutaura nevarume vaFernán Gómez, asi izvi hazvishande. Vabatsiri vacho vanofuratira Mengo ndokumuranga neshamhu nokuda kwokutsunga kuvadenha. Mushure, Vanoba Jacinta ndokumurasa pamadiro, izvo zvinoshatirisa guta rose.
Muchato waCommander nekutsiva
Meya nevanhu of Fuente Obejuna vanokurukura zvakaipa zveMutungamiriri, uye vanokumbira Sara mushe chii isabella —muvengi waJuan uye, nokudaro, waFernán Gómez— kukunda hondo, nokuti yaizova nzira yokusunungura nayo vanhu munhamo dzavo. Gare gare, Frondoso anokurudzirwa kushanyira Esteban kuti akumbire ruoko rwaLaurencia. Meya, achiona mwoyo wakanaka wemukomana, anobvuma nomufaro.
Vachangopedza kuronga muchato. Zvichiri kuitika izvi, Mutungamiriri akatsamwa: Mauto aIsabel akakunda muhondo, uye tenzi waCalatrava anomuudza kuti achadzokera kuvanhu vake, achisiya mubatanidzwa wake shure. Achiona kuti zvinhu zvese hazvina kumira zvakanaka, Fernán anodzokera kuFuente Obejuna kuti aibudise mutaundi.
Mune izvo zvinoratidzika, anosangana nemuchato waLaurencia naFrondoso. Achidzorwa nehasha, anosunga mukomana wacho ndokuba musikana wacho. Kana meya Esteban atarisana naFernán Gómez, Comendador anobvuta tsvimbo yake. ndokutanga kumurova nayo. Vagari vose vakatsamwa, asi vanotya zvokusagona kutaura chinhu.
Chiito chechitatu (The denouement, 25 mifananidzo)
Kumukira
Mutungamiriri paanoenda nevasungwa vake. vagari veguta vanosangana mumusangano unoshamisa. Vaneta nezviito zvakaipa zvaFernán, uye vanosarudza kupedza chinetso chacho nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.. Vamwe vanhu vanosimbisa kuti vanofanira kubva muguta, vamwe, kuti mhinduro yakanakisisa ndeyokuenda pamberi pemadzimambo kuitira kuti vamise Fernán Gómez. Hapana chinopa mhinduro chaiyo.
ipapo varombo Laurence inooneka pakati pechirongwa, yakarohwa uye ine tsvina. Ainge anetsana nevarume vaCommander vaimurova zvisingaite. Zvisinei, musikana akakwanisa kutiza ari mupenyu. Vechidiki kutarisana nevagari vomumusha. Kwaari, vose imbwende dzakabvumira Fernán kusvika pakunyanyisa ikoko, achivayeuchidza nezvezvakaipa zvose zvakaitwa nenhau yacho.
Kutsiva, kugadzirisa uye kurangwa
Laurencia, akatsamwa, anopa mhinduro yakanyanyisa: uraya Mutungamiriri. Vagari vomumusha vanopfura pakutaura kwake kunokurudzira, uye vanogadzirira nezvombo namazhenje kuvhima chikara. Vagari vose—varume, vakadzi, vakuru navaduku—vanoenda kumba kwaGómez, kumucheto kweguta. Pakutanga, Mutungamiriri haana hanya navo. Anorayira kuti Frondoso asungirirwe uye adzikamise mhomho yacho.
Asi hapana chimwe chazvo chine nzvimbo panguva iyoyo. Vagari vomumusha vanopinda nechisimba mumba ndokuuraya vashandi. Mutungamiriri, achiona kukura kwengozi, anofunga kutaurirana, uye anovapa kusunungurwa kweFrondoso. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana mukomana wacho asunungurwa anobatana nemhomho. Vagari veFuente Obejuna vanoparadza imba yaFernán. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, pakupedzisira, vose vanouraya murume aivaitira zvakaipa kakawanda.
Mhondi yaive Fuente Obejuna
Mushure mekuuraya Mutungamiriri, guta rose rinouraya vateveri vasara. Vese avo vakatsamwisa Jacinta, vakarova Mengo nezvimwe zvakaipa, vakabviswa; Zvisinei, mumwe wevashumiri vaFernán akavimbika zvikuru anokwanisa kutiza. Murume wacho anosvika kuna Isabel naFernando, uye anokumbira vateereri. Akuvadzwa, anotaura nyaya kubva pamaonero ake, achida kufa kwemhondi uye chirango chemuenzaniso cheguta.
Madzimambo anobvumirana nazvo, saka anotuma mutongi anoongorora nyaya yacho. Mumusha wacho, vanhu vanopemberera rufu rwaFernán Gómez uye kukunda kwemadzimambo echiKaturike. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuroorana pakati paLaurencia naFrondoso kunopera.
Mutongo, kukunda kwezvakanaka
Vanhu ava vanofungidzira kuti pane imwe nguva pachauya nhumwa yemadzimambo ichivabvunza nezvenyaya iyi. Vachipihwa izvi vanoronga zvichapindurwa nemunhu wese kana vabvunzwa kuti mhondi ndiani. Achisvika mutongi anovabvunza nezverufu rwaFernán, kwaanogara achiwana mhinduro imwechete inoshamisa: "Fuente Obejuna azviita, changamire." Sezvo pasina imwe mhinduro, murume wacho anosarudza kutanga kutambudza.
Pascuala akasungirirwa rack, Mengo, akaturikwa. Murume mukuru nomwana vanotambudzwa. Pasinei nedambudziko revanhu mazana matatu vakasvibiswa, vagari vese vanodzokorora: "Fuente Obejuna akazviita, changamire." Mutongi anofadzwa nekubatana uye chido chevagari vemumusha, nokudaro vachidzoka vasina chinhu. Zvadaro, anopa mushumo wake kumadzimambo.
ruregerero kana rufu
Mutongi anoyeuchidza vakuru vavo Une sarudzo mbiri chete: kana kukanganwira kune vanhuwo zvavo, o más vanouraya kune vose. Panguva iyoyo, madzimambo anokumbira kuvapo kweari kupomerwa.
Vanhu vomumusha uyu pavanosvika pamuzinda, vanoshamiswa nerunako rwenzvimbo yacho. Saka, Isabel anobvunza kana vanhu ivavo ndivo vapambi, uye iwaya anotsanangurira mambokadzi uipi hwose uhwo Mutungamiriri akavaparira, akabata zvakasimba mhinduro kupihwa kuMutongi: izvo Aive Fuente Obejuna akaponda Fernán.
Madzimambo anoshamiswa nesimba guru ravanhu. Mushure mekutaurirana, vanosarudza kuvasiya vese. Vakuru vavo vanowedzera kuti, panguva ino, ivo havazopihwe Mutungamiriri, uye kuti nyika dzichashandiswa chete nemadzimambo. Vanhu vemutaundi vari kufara nemutongo uyu, sezvo vachifarira vatongi vavo vatsva.
Nezve munyori, Félix Lope de Vega
Felix Lope de Vega Carpio Akaberekwa muna 1562, muMadrid, Spain. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori vanomiririra zvakanyanya veSpanish Golden Age. Nenzira imwecheteyo, kuwanda kwebasa rake kunoita kuti Vega ive imwe yevanyori vanonyanya kukosha mumabhuku epasi rose.
Zvinowanzoonekwa kuti Lope de Vega -Iyo phoenix yewits- aive mumwe wevanonyanya kutsanangura Spanish Baroque. Munyori uyu aivewo mumwe wevanyori venziyo huru mumutauro weSpanish. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekusika, akanyora zvinyorwa uye mazita erondedzero akakura mundima nendima. Ichi chinyorwa chinoramba chiripo, uye chinoramba chichimirirwa mumitambo yemitambo pasi rose.
Mamwe emabasa akakosha eLope de Vega
- Anoda akangwara (1604);
- Simbi yeMadrid (1608);
- Mukadzi akapusa (1613);
- Imbwa iri muchidyiro (1618);
- kurangwa pasina kutsiva (1631).
pfupiso yakanakisa munyika