Chinyorwa chezvinyorwa imhando yechinyorwa chine donzvo guru rekuburitsa detembo kana kuti runako rwenhaurirano yacho.. Naizvozvo, inodzokera kumanyorerwo emhando uye mabasa emutauro (referensi, kutaura, kudana, metalinguistic, nhetembo). Hunhu hwechinyorwa chine chinyorwa uye chinochisiyanisa kubva kune chisiri chinyorwa (mupepanhau, kushambadzira, sainzi, expository, nharo, sainzi, inotsanangura, zvinyorwa zvemutemo, nezvimwewo), ndiko kufambiswa kwemazano mukungwarira, aesthetics. nzira. , mukati mezvitaera zvakawanda zviripo.
Chikamu chezvinyorwa chinopa kutamba kwakawanda uye kune mikana yakawanda, saka mamwe magwaro anogoverawo zvimwe zvinyorwa nezvimwe zvinyorwa, zvakaita setsananguro, tsananguro, kana nharo. Saizvozvowo, mukati memhando iyi yezvinyorwa, zvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera zvinosanganisa marudzi akasiyana ezvinyorwa zvechinyorwa (marwirwo erwiyo, rondedzero nedrama), pamwe nehunhu hwawo, zvinomira pachena.
Zvimiro zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa
- Aesthetic basa uye hukuru hunoratidza kugona. Chinangwa chikuru chezvinyorwa izvi ndechekufambisa muverengi kuburikidza nesarudzo yakakodzera yemazwi, kushandiswa kwenhamba kana zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.
- Ivo kazhinji yakakanganiswa neakasimba subjectivism. Uye inogona kutofambisa kunyengetedza kuburikidza nekukakavara, kunyangwe zvisina kujeka.
- Style. Hazvina muganhu nekusununguka kwekusika kwemunyori; inogonawo kupindura kune hunhu hwekufamba kwehunyanzvi.
- Fictional character. Kunze kwekuedza kumwe chete magwaro echinyorwa kazhinji kudzokororwa kwechokwadi, kana kure nazvo. Madingindira anogona kuenzana asingaverengeki, asi anonzwisisika.
- Kuwedzera kunogona kunge kwakasiyana-siyana; kunyanya zvinyorwa zvinorondedzera zvinomiririra izvi (ona kadikidiki kadiki kana novel).
Mhando dzezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa
magwaro enziyo
Chinhu chikuru chezvinyorwa izvi ndechekuti kazhinji akanyorwa mundima.. Zvisinei, izvi zvave zvichichinja muzana remakore rapfuura mumabhuku enyika. Ikozvino kune mhando dzakawanda dzenhetembo dzingangove dzisina kunyorwa mundima kana zvinyorwa zvingave izvo zvinonzi "nhetembo". Zvisinei, kana tichifanira kuomerera kupfungwa dzechinyakare, aya magwaro ezvinyorwa anoumbwa kuburikidza nezvikamu zvine humbowo hwekusiyana-siyana; vane mutinhimira uye vanogona kana kusaita mutinhimira.
Kuwedzeredzwa kunobva pachikwata kuenda kunhetembo dzakadzama idzo nguva zhinji dzinoburitsa matauriro emunyori. Ndiro gwara ranyanduri rekuita fungidziro kana kutaura pamusoro pemisoro yakasiyana-siyana inodarika, kana inoratidza manzwiro avo kana kugoverana nevamwe vanhu. Iwo magwaro ane zvakawanda zvinogoneka nekuti anoshandisa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye, pazvinenge zvakakodzera, zvimiro zvekutaura.. Mienzaniso: quatrain, sonnet, lira, couplet, kana chegumi.
Vhara maziso angu ekupedzisira
mumvuri uyo zuva jena richanditora,
uye ndinogona kusunungura mweya wangu uyu
nguva yezvido zvake zvekuzvidya mwoyo kubata kumeso;
[…] (Chimedu chesonnet kubva ku Nhetembo basa yaFrancisco de Quevedo).
zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinorondedzera
Novel, rungano kana nyaya pfupi ndiyo inotungamira. Iwo magwaro akanyorwa nenganonyorwa anotsanangura nekutaura kuita kwenyaya.. Rine zvinhu zvakakosha zvechinyorwa zverudzi urwu, zvakaita semunyori, vatambi, nhaurirano, nzvimbo, nguva, nhanganyaya nedingindira. Pamusoro penhaurirano, tsananguro iri mumagwaro aya inokosha zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo kune vamwe vanoita tsananguro pfupi zvikuru uye vamwe vanoita imwe yakadzama. Mupfungwa iyi zvichaenderana nemhando yengano uye manyorerwo emunyori. Zvakadaro, chiito chichava chakanyanya kufanana, nekuti ndicho chinoratidza chinyorwa chinotaura nyaya uye kufambira mberi kwezviitiko. (munhanganyaya, pakati uye mugumisiro) ane makakatanwa akawanda kana mashoma.
Saizvozvowo, iyo yekuwedzera inogona kuve mitsetse mishoma munyaya yezvidiki-nyaya, kana mazana nemazana emapeji anogona kuve neinovhero, ane basa zvakare. Mavara aya ndeemanyepo, anotonyanya kana kushomeka, anonakidza, kana emhando chaiyo. (romance, adventure, horror, history, science fiction).
Pakupedzisira, Nekugadzira iyo minimalist classification, zvinyorwa zvingaverengerwa pano, kunyangwe zvine basa rakawanda rekuita.. Asi zvakare zvinyorwa zveprose. Mimwe mimwe mienzaniso yezvinyorwa zvenganonyorwa ingano, ngano kana nyaya pfupi.
Paakamuka, dinosaur rakanga richiripo.
(Micro-nyaya naAugusto Monteroso).
magwaro ezvinyorwa
Aya mabhuku akanyorwa ane chinangwa chayo chikuru chekumiririra. Mumazera ese tinoafunga sechinyorwa chemutambo. Zvisinei, nhasi kune magwaro akanyorwa kuti agadziriswe nokuda kwefirimu neterevhizheni. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pavari ndechokuti vanoshaiwa murondedzeri; vanoshandisa nhaurirano chete uye nzira dzechikuva zvinonangisa chiitiko, nzvimbo kana nguva, kana vatambi pachavo. Asi hapana inzwi rinorondedzera rinoronga zvimwe zvinhu zvose.
Iwo madingindira haana magumo, asi sezvo iri zvakare kutevedzana kwezviito, kurongeka kunodiwa uye ivo vanowanzo patsanurwa kuita matatu zviito., sokunge kuti isumo, yepakati uye mugumisiro wezvinyorwa zverondedzero. Nekudaro, iyo avant-garde neiyo theatre itsva yakashandura mutambo, saka pane nzvimbo yemamwe marudzi ezvisikwa zvinoshamisa. Parizvino magwaro anoshamisa anowanzo muprose; asi munhoroondo yose izvi zvakatorwa mundima. Kazhinji, kune marudzi matatu akakosha ezvinyorwa izvi: komedhi, nhamo, nedhirama.
CHUSA: Isa zvinhu zvako uko. Tarisa, ndiyo imba yekugezera, ndipo pane metiresi. Tine "María" yakasimwa muhari iyoyo, asi haisati ichikura, pane chiedza chishoma. (Achiona chiso chirikuitwa naJaimito) Achagara pano.
JAIMITO: Ehe, pamusoro pangu. Kana tisina kukwana tete hatikwane. Anoisa munhu wese waanowana pano. Rimwe zuva kune mbeveve, nhasi kune uyu. Waitenda here kuti iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekutandarira yeEl Buen Pastor, kana chii?
CHUSA:Usaite hunhu.
ELENA: Handidi zvekunetswa. Kana musingadi, handigari ndoenda.
JAIMITO: Ndizvozvo, hatidi.
(Chikamu che bajarse al moronaJosé Luis Alonso de Santos).