Nicanor Parra, antipoet.
Nicanor Segundo Parra Sandoval (1914-2018) Aive fizikisi, nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye mudetembi werudzi rweChile, akafunga mumwe wevanyori akakonzera zvakanyanya zvinyorwa muchiSpanish, uye sekureva kwenyanzvi: akanakisa mudunhu rekumadokero
Aigara achisarudzwa weNobel Prize muMabhuku, haana kuiwana. Zvakadaro yakapihwa iyo National Literature uye iyo Cervantes. Munyori aive nehukama hwakanaka naMichelle Bachelet, aimbova purezidhendi weChile, uyo akamushanyira kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.
Biography
Kuberekwa uye mhuri
Nicanor Parra akaberekwa musi waGunyana 5, 1914 muSan Fabián de Alico, Chile. Aibva kumhuri ine zviwanikwa zvishoma zvemari. Baba vake vaive: Nicanor Parra Alarcón, muimbi webohemian uye mudzidzisi; neyake amai: Rosa Clara Sandoval, mugadziri wekupfeka anoda mimhanzi yechinyakare yenyika yake.
Vana vasere vakaberekerwa kubva mumubatanidzwa iwoyo, Nicanor aive wedangwe. Nekudaro, iye aive aine vaviri amai vehanzvadzi-hanzvadzi, kubva kumuchato wekare. Imba yavo yaive nzvimbo yekudzidzisa yababa, vakatama panguva yeudzvanyiriri hwaCarlos Ibáñez, sezvo Alarcón aifanira kushandira hurumende mumaguta akati wandei.
Vechidiki uye zvidzidzo
Nikanor akadzidza baccalaureate yake kuLiceo de Hombres muChillán, nzvimbo yakazogara mhuri. Akatanga kunyora nhetembo, izvi nekuda kwesimba raakagamuchira kubva mumabhuku mazhinji aakakwanisa kuwana: mabasa enhetembo dzemazuvano, nziyo dzakakurumbira uye nhetembo yaakapihwa napurofesa.
Ndiye ega mumhuri yake akapinda dzidzo yepamusoro. Akapihwa mubhadharo wekupedzisa baccalaureate yake paakaenda kuSantiago, uye muna 1933 akapinda kunodzidza masvomhu nefizikiki kuYunivhesiti yeChile. Munguva yeyunivhesiti yake akaburitsa Nyowani Chilean Nhetembo Anthology; akapedza kudzidza muna 1937.
Mavambo ekutanga
Mwaka wekupedza kwake akaburitsa muunganidzwa wekutanga wenhetembo, Bhuku renziyo risina zita, uye ndafunga kudzokera kuChillán kunodzidzira basa rake. Iri rakaburitswa basa rakagamuchira iyo Municipal Poetry Prize yeSantiago. Muna 1939, mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika, akadzokera kuguta guru uye muna 1943 akahwina mubhezari wekudzidza kuUnited States.
Muna 1949 akahwina imwezve kudzidza, panguva ino kuOxford. Munguva iyi, Parra akadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinyorwa zveEuropean. Akaroora Inga Palmen uye vakaenda kuChile, muna 1955 akaburitsa Nhetembo uye antipoems, musanganiswa wetsika yake neiyo yeEurope, kune iri basa akazozivikanwa pasi rese.
Kuzivikanwa kwepasi rose
Antipoetry, zvinopesana netsika, ndicho chimiro chakakwezva nharaunda yekuverenga. Mumakumi matanhatu, Parra akaburitsa nhetembo dzakasiyana, kusanganisira Nziyo ChiRussian. Muna 1967 Jorge Elliott akadudzira chigadzirwa icho chakachipa kukura kukuru; zita rayo muchirungu raive Nhetembo uye antipoems.
Nicanor Parra mukukwegura kwake.
Parra panguva yeCold War
Nyanduri akakokwa kuNational Poetry Festival yekuUnited States. Kushanya ikoko kwakapa White House mukana, kuburikidza nekunyengera, kutendeutsa Cuba kupokana nemunyori, ichimutora mifananidzo naPat Nixon. Dambudziko iri rakashatisa mukurumbira waParra.
Hondo yapera, akaburitsa Ecopoems Sekuratidzira kurwisa nyika mbiri idzi, hongu, kwanga kusiri kune njodzi, nekuti kwanga kusingabve pane chero pfungwa. Mumakore ese emaXNUMX akamira akasimba mukusagutsikana kwake nehupfumi pamwe nesocialism.
Kusarudzwa kwaNobel
Pakadzora hudzvanyiriri munyika yake, munyori akazozivikanwa zvakare. Munguva ye1990s mazita ake matatu weNobel Prize muMabhuku akaitika, yekutanga muna 1995, tevere muna 1997 uye yekupedzisira muna 2000. Nehurombo, iye haana kukwanisa kuiwana uye akawedzerwa kune yakanyorwa vanyori vasina kuhwina Nobel.
Centennial uye kufa
Muna 2014, Nicanor Parra akapemberera zuva rake rekuzvarwa zanaMumwedzi iwoyo zviitiko zvakaitwa mukumukudza, zvisinei, mudetembi haana kuenda kune chero. Michelle Bachelet ndiye ega munhu waaigamuchira mumba make, sezvo aisawanzo gamuchira vashanyi. Kubva zvaakawana Juan Rulfo, Parra akataura kuti akazviwanazve aine tsamba, kwete mabhuku aRulfo pasina mabasa akanakisa eMexico nenyika.
Nikanor Parra Akafira kumba kwake muSantiago de Chile pazera ramakore 103, musi waNdira 23, 2018; Kuchema kwenyika kwakatemerwa kwemazuva maviri kukudza kuyeuka kwake. Zuva rakatevera mushure mekufa kwake, akavigwa kwaaigara, panguva yemhemberero yemhuri iyo yaimbove mutungamiriri wenyika.
Juan Rulfo, munyori wepesvedzero huru pabasa raNicanor Parra.
Kuvaka
- Rwiyo rwusina bhuku renziyo (1937).
- Ndima dzekugara (1962).
- Mharidzo nemharidzo dzaKristu waElqui (1977).
- Nhetembo uye antipoems naEduardo Frei (1982).
- Ecopoems (1982).
- Ndima dzeKisimusi (antivillancico) (1983).
- Mushure mekudya kwemanheru (2006).