Mabhuku echienzi akaperekedza zvizvarwa zvakati zvevaverengi mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Zvino pamwe Ivo vari kure zvishoma nekuti iyi rondedzero yemhando yakakwidziridzwa nevamwe, senge akanakisa, mabhuku ehutikitivha, kana kunyange zvakavanzika kana kutya.. Kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvehondo kana zvinyorwa zve cowboy zvinogonawo kunge zvine zvinhu zvemanoveli eadventure. Kunyangwe izvi zvine humwe hunhu hunovasarudza se "adventure genre".
Chokwadi ndechekuti iyi mhando yebhuku inogona kuvhara yakafara kwazvo typology uye vane hunhu hwakagovaniswa nemamwe genera, zvisinei havafanirwe kuvhiringika. Saka, isu zviri nani tinoziva zvishoma nezvemabhuku echienzi, pamwe neanonyanya kuzivikanwa manovhero mumhando.
The adventure genre
Mabhuku echienzi imhando kwavari, kunyangwe paine mamwe madingindira avanogovana nemamwe marudzi. Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kutariswa chimiro cheiyo adventure genre kukosha kwechiito muchirongwa. Chiito chacho chinotonga zvinhu zvese zverondedzero uye kukosha kunowanzo kupihwa nzvimbo, iyo isinganzwisisike kana isinganzwisisike.. Dzimwe nguva kune zvikamu zvezvakaitika kare nekutsvaga kwezvinhu zvekare kana nzendo dzakanyanyisa, pakati pazvo, umo zvinogonawo kusangana nemamonsters kana zvisikwa zvikuru uye zvinotyisa.
Nekudaro, mavara kana chimiro chavo chepfungwa chinowanzoramba chiri kumashure. Njodzi uye chiitiko chichagara chizhinji chechirongwa uye mamiriro acho akasiyana.. Ikoko kunenge kusina nzvimbo yekuzorora kana kufungisisa, kwete yevanopikisa, kana yevaverengi; kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti dzimwe nguva vatambi vanosvika pakadzama nekuti vari mukutsvaga kusiri kwenyama chete, asiwo manzwiro.
Mabviro erudzi urwu anogona kuwanikwa muepic nhetembo neaya magamba uye nzendo dzengano dzeAntiquity.. Nekudaro, nyaya idzi dzakashanduka zvakanyanya kusvika panguva ino. Chokutanga pane zvose, pakanga pane kuputika muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, apo tinowana zvose zvekare zvemhando, uye zvisati zvaitika, nekuzvarwa kwemhando yemazuva ano, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX tinogona kuwana vamwe vanyori. Nhasi anonovhero eshasha haana kudhonzwa kwakafanana nemakumi emakore apfuura, kubvira nyaya dzemabhuku dzakapfuurwa nesimba rekukwezva remubhaisikopo uye tekinoroji nyowani mune audiovisual fomati., yakakwana pakuvandudzwa kwezviitiko izvi zvinoshamisa.
Vanyori
- Daniel Defoe (c.1660-1731).
- Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
- Baba vaAlexandre Dumas (1802-1870).
- Hermann Melville (1819-1891).
- Jules Verne (1828-1905).
- Mark Twain (1835-1910).
- Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
- H Rider Haggard (1856-1925).
- JRR Tolkien (1892-1973).
Mabhuku echienzi ane mukurumbira
Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Iri bhuku guru rekushanya rave remhando yepamusoro kwemazana emakore rinotaura nyaya yemukomana uyo, akasundwa nekusateerera kwababa vake uye chishuvo chake cherwendo, akatanga rwendo rwemugungwa. Kufamba nechikepe kunova chido kwaari uye nzira yehupenyu; zvisinei, vadiki Robinson Crusoe anoputsikirwa nechikepe uye anova iye ega anopona. nemukana wekufarirwa Anosvika pachitsuwa chisina vanhu uye achapedza makore ari munzvimbo ino achidzidza kurarama munzvimbo yesango ari ega zvachose..
Gulliver's Travels (1726)
Iyo satire yemabhuku ekufambisa, zvisinei, inyaya ine adventure uye fungidziro panguva imwe chete; kunyangwe munyori ainewo chinangwa chekufungisisa uye chinodzidzisa nezvemamiriro emunhu. Basa racho rinoumbwa nenzendo ina dzine mazita asingatauriki uye anoda kuziva akadai se "Voyage to Lilliput" (iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa), "Voyage to Brobdingnag", "Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg neJapan" uye "Voyage kunyika yeHouyhnhnms. Zviitiko zveKaputeni Gulliver Vakaverengerwa nevana nevakuru nekuda kwekunakidzwa kwakavakomberedza, asiwo Vanga vari mota yepfungwa dzemunyori wayo uye kusavimba kwakamutswa nerudzi rwevanhu maari nekuda kwehuipi nekushomeka kwayo..
The Count of Monte Cristo (1846)
Iyi inyaya yakanyatso kutenderera umo kutengesa uye kutsiva zvinova madingindira makuru. In Kuverenga kweMonte Cristo muverengi anowana zvachose zvese kuti arambe akatorwa moyo nenyaya inosuruvarisa yemunhu wayo mukuru, Edmond Dantes. Aive murume wechidiki akarurama uye aishanda nesimba aishuvira kuroora Mercedes wake waaida. Asi anowira nokuda kwokutengesa shamwari yake yepamwoyo uye anotongerwa kugara mujeri zvisina kururama. Mumakore ekutapwa achave nenguva yekuverenga kutsiva kwakakwana. Iri bhuku rinova nzvimbo yekufungidzira umo uipi husingapi zororo uye pasina nzvimbo yekuvimbika..
Moby-Dick (1851)
Fate inosarudza, uye Kuna Kaputeni Ahabhu, mukuda kwake, pane nzvimbo yechinangwa chimwe chete, kutsvaga, kuvhima nekuuraya white whale., mhuka huru yakashanduka kuva chikara munyaya iyi ine madota egungwa. Irondedzero inoshandurwa kuita danda remugungwa rinoratidzira apo kufamba kwakareba kunoguma nemagumo ari pachena uye anotarisirwa. Moby Dick Iyo ichokwadi epic novel yenguva yedu.
Makumi Ane Zviuru Zviuru Pasi Pegungwa (1870)
Iri rimwe remabasa makuru erudzi ane hunhu hwengano, akanetseka Captain Nemo. Zvikepe zvakawanda zvinonyangarika, saka boka renyanzvi dzezvidzidzo zvakasiyana rinotanga kubata ravanofunga kuti imhuka. kubva pakadzika zvisingazivikanwi zvegungwa. Kupfuura giant squids nezvimwe zvisikwa, Muzvinafundo Pierre Aronnax, mubatsiri wake Conseil uye harpooner Ned Land, zvavanowana ndiCaptain Nemo nechikepe chake chinoshamisa chepasi pemvura. Nautilus. Ipapo njodzi uye rwendo zvichatora rimwe danho.
Munyika yose mumazuva makumi masere (1873)
Iyi yepasirose classic nhoroondo yechiitiko chakaitwa naPhileas Fogg, muchikwata chaJean Passepartout, muranda wake akavimbika. VaFogg imurume akapfuma ari nhengo yeReform Club. Iye murume anobata nguva zvakanyanya akajaira kuita zvese zvaanoita nemazvo echiRungu. Mushure mekuita chokwadi chekuti pane mukana wekutenderera pasirese munguva yakaoma, anofunga kubheja mari yake kuti achakwanisa kutenderera pasirese mumazuva makumi masere. Imhaka yazvo Rinovhero iri, panguva imwecheteyo, ibhuku rekushanya, ratidziro yekuti vanhu vagara vachitsvaga sei kutonga nguva. uye kuti yakazviwana sei nekuda kwekufambira mberi kutsva kwesainzi uye tekinoroji.
The Adventures yaTom Sawyer (1876)
Gara mutaundi riri pedyo neRwizi rweMississippi panguva yeAmerican Civil War. Ichi chinyorwa chehudiki uye chekuyaruka chinozivisa hupenyu hwemukomana anonzi Tom Sawyer kubva paudiki maonero uye kure nekunzwisisa kwevakuru. Tom anowira murudo kekutanga uye anoronga neshamwari dzake mukati mekutaura chokwadi uye kukudzwa kunowanzoitika kune mumwe munhu asati ashatiswa nekusagadzikana uye kuipa kwehupenyu hwevanhu vakuru.
Treasure Island (1882)
Imwe yemanovel eadventure par kugona, Pfuma chitsuwa ine zvinhu zvese zvinodiwa nekirasi iyi yemabhuku: njodzi, makororo, villains, adventures, ngarava uye pfuma inoshamisa.. Jim Hawkins anosandura hupenyu hwake pasi kana mutyairi wechikepe asvika paimba yemhuri yake uye Jim anotora mepu kuchitsuwa chinovanza zvakavanzika zvakavanzika nemikana. Rwendo rwemugungwa runotanga muchikepe chizere nevapanduki pasi pekuraira kwaJohn Silver, chirema chiparadzi, chakananga kupfuma inoshuviwa.
Migodhi yaMambo Soromoni (1885)
Muenzaniso wakanaka wemaitiro akanyanya kuratidzwa nemuchena kuti awane goridhe nematombo anokosha anotenderedza munhu mutema munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo. Uyu, mukukatyamadzwa kwake, haanyatsonzwisisa kufarira kwakadzika midzi kwemurume wekuEurope. Pane rimwe divi, iyo protagonist yeinoveli ndeye atypical, nekuti haana kushinga kana kuti mudiki; uye kune zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda kusvika kumigodhi inovimbisa iyo, uyezve, iri mukondinendi yeAfrica, iyo inokubvumira kuti uwane uye uongorore nzvimbo iyi nevagari vayo.
Ishe weRings (1954)
Iyo inonakidza epic adventure iyo yakaunganidzwa mubhuku rimwechete sekuenderera mberi Hobbit; zvisinei, Ishe wezvindori inonzwisiswa senhau yakazvimirira, kunyange zvazvo ichibatanidzwa nenhauwo zvayo. Ukuwo, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwayo, Zvakasarudzwa kuti zvigovane muzvikamu zvitatu: Iko Kubatana kweRin'i, Iyo Towers mbiri y Kudzoka kwaMambo. Iri novhero rine kukosha kwakakosha nekuda kwekutarisira kwese uye kwakavimbika kuomarara mukati meiyo inoshamisa iyo munyori waro Tolkien akapa kubva kuPhilological point yemaonero.
Nyaya inotanga naFrodo asina mhosva, mudiki hobbit anogara muShire, taundi rebucolic uko munhu wese anogara achifara uye kure nekutyisidzira kwese.. Fate, zvisinei, ine basa rakakosha kwaari iro vagari vese veMiddle-earth vachatsamira, zvisinei nemamiriro avo kana rudzi. Nerubatsiro rweshamwari dzake nevabatsiri, anofanirwa kusvika paGomo reDoom oparadza Ring Imwe isati yavaparadza vese. Asi mugwagwa hauzove nyore, rwendo rwune njodzi, ruzere nevavengi, hutsinye uye kusagadzikana. Uye hapana anovimbisa Frodo kuti anogona kudzokera kumba.
