Nyika inofara (Nyika Itsva Inoshingaira) nderimwe remabhuku ane simba zvikurusa muzana remakore rechi100.. Yakanyorwa nemunyori weBritish Aldous Huxley muna 1932. Uye haisi bhuku resayenzi chete, asi dystopia inoisa munhu, hurongwa uye nzanga.
Zvirokwazvo Rinoonekwa sebhuku rekutanga rakatanhamara zvikuru rezana ramakore rapfuura iro rinorondedzera remangwana risina chokwadi uye kuora mwoyo nenzira iyo dystopias inoita. Gare gare, mamwe mabasa akatanhamara aizotevera. Unoziva here basa gurusa raAldous Huxley? Pano tinokuudza zvimwe nezvebhuku, pamwe nekubatanidza pfupiso yeinovhero.
Munyori uye mamiriro ebasa racho
Aldous Huxley (1894-1963) aive munyori weBritish uye muzivi. Akazvarwa mumhuri yevasayendisiti uye vadetembi vane simba rakatora chimiro mukukura kwetsamba uye mukuvakwa kwemafungiro ake. Akanyora kubva paudiki hwake, achiburitsa chinyorwa, chinyorwa, nyaya pfupi, nhetembo kana kunyange chinyorwa chemufirimu.
Makumi emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX akaunza shanduko yehunyanzvi yakanga yatotanga muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. nokudaro nzanga yakatanga kuva nechinjo dzakakurumidzisa mararamiro enzanga. Nhasi izvi zviri pachena, zviri pachena munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu hwedu. Isu tiri kutiza
Nyika inofara Ndiro rimwe remabasa aya anoratidza nhanganyaya yenharaunda dzedu. Ndiko kusaka chiri chokwadi chinotyisa. Aldous Huxley akafungidzira kuti tekinoroji yaizorevei mukusimudzira kwevanhu. Mubhuku iri akataura nezvekutonga kwevanhu uye manzwiro avo kana kusarudzwa kwevarume kubva panguva yekunambwa kwavo.
Pane kutaura nezve utopia kana dystopia. Nekuti, kune rumwe rutivi, munhu wese anoita seanofara, munhu wese anoziva zvekuita uye haabvunze nzvimbo yavo munyika. Manzwiro emuzvarirwo ekusava nematuro kwemunhu, kana aine rusununguko rwekusarudza, anopera. Zvisinei, mutengo wakabhadharwa unogonawo kuva wakanyanya kukwirira. Sezviri pachena kune rusununguko uye vanhu vane hutano hwakanaka.
Es hupenyu hwakarongeka uye hunofadza hunowanikwa nekurasa kufunga kwakadzama, pamwe nemanzwiro, zvinova izvo zvinotiumba isu sevanhu: tsika, rudo, mhuri kana kukanganisa kwatinogona kuita ndezvimwe zvezvimiro zvinorambwa kuvagari veizvi. nyika inofara. Novhero iyi ndeyetsoropodzo zvachose yemagariro enguva yemunyori.
Nyika Itsva Yakashinga: Pfupiso
Preamble uye caste system
Chiito chacho chinofungidzirwa mazana emakore akawanda mushure menguva yedu. Inotorwa serengedzo kuna Henry Ford, uyo aive mutsigiri wemutsara wegungano uyo akapa basa rakawanda kune capitalism. uye nzanga yevatengi. Izvo hazvisarudzwe chero, sezvo Huxley ane iyi nyaya achida kurekodha kuti iyi sisitimu yatinogara yakaita sei uye inogona kuramba ichidaro. Gore, zvino, 632 mushure meFord, izvo zvingave zvakaenzana negore 2540 rekarenda yedu. Sosaiti yakasununguka kurarama upenyu hwayo hwevatano, sezvo gadziriro yokuberekana iri chimwe chezvinhu izvo bhuku rinopandukira. Vana vanouya munyika vaine magumo akatemerwa, anokurudzirwa kuburikidza nezviroto, kuti vatore nzvimbo munharaunda.. Iwo anogadzirwa tekinoroji uye akakamurwa kuita caste system:
- alpha group: avo vakatemerwa kutungamira vamwe, ndivo vepamusoro. Vakapiwa njere dzepamusoro.
- beta group: Vane huwandu hwakaderera hwemutoro uye zvakare hungwaru hwakaderera pane hwakapfuura. Vanoita mirairo yeAlfa.
- Gamma Group: vane hunyanzvi hwekuita mamwe mabasa.
- Delta Group: ndivo vari pasi peGamma.
- Epsilon Group: kuita mabasa emuchina uye asingafadzi.
Kupokana
Vatambi vakuru ndiBernard Marx naLenina Crowne (chaizvo, mazita haana tsaona). Vaviri vanoshanda paLondon Hatchery uye Conditioning Center, vachiita basa repamusoro. Kunyange zvazvo Lenina achirarama achifara uye achitungamirira hupenyu hwepabonde husina kugadzikana, Bernard anofanira kutarisana nekusachengeteka kwakasiyana. Zvisinei nehuchenjeri hwake hunoshamisa (iye Alpha-plus), ane zvisizvo zvemuviri zvinoita kuti asekwa uye arambwe nevakadzi. Anobvunza zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu uye nazvo anoenda kunoshanyira nzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka ine vanhu vane utsinye.
Bernard anoenda naLenina uye vaviri vacho vanosangana naJohn, anozivikanwa se "Savage". Avo vanoonekwa sevakashata vanogara munzvimbo ino, nekuti vari kunze kweiyo yakanaka system, World State.. Kana ari Johane, akaberekwa kubva muukama hwepabonde pakati pevanhu vaviri vanobva kuNyika yeNyika; ndiko kuti, muchiitiko chake, gadziriro yekudzivirira pamuviri yakasimwa imomo yakundikana.
Asi John akadzidziswa naamai vake (aimbova injiniya wemajini paIncubation Center) vakamuchengeta uye vakamupa maturusi ekuti adzidze kuverenga nekunyora. UYE Bernard naLenina vanosarudza kuenda nayo kuNyika yeNyika, chiito chinovhura mukaha wemafungiro, kusawirirana uye mhedziso. izvo zvichatanga izvo zvakarongerwa kubvisa nehurongwa hweNyika yeNyika: rusununguko rwekufunga uye kuzviziva.
Mhedzisiro
Munyika ino isina hunhu uye inodzorwa, zvinoratidzwa kuti kuisirwa kusingarambiki kwe mufaro unofungidzirwa hausi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunyepedzera uye unyanzvi husingagoneki. Pakupera kwebhuku rino, rakatarisana nehutsika hwepabonde hunosimudza, Bernard anoedza kutiza kubva munyika ino uye ave muchengeti kuti arege kufunga nezveLenina, sezvo achifunga nezvechido chake kune zvinonyadzisa. Nekudaro, haakwanise kutiza kubva kune anoda kuziva uye bacchanalian anotevera. Nekudemba, Bernard anotora hupenyu hwake.