Gumi nerimwe nhamba yevahwina muNobel Prize yeLiterature mumutauro wechiSpanish, vane basa rinovapa mubayiro, asiwo vanobvuma uye vanorumbidza nyika yeSpain yakabatanidzwa nomutauro mumwe chetewo, unotaurwa nevagari vemo vanodokusvika mamiriyoni 500; vanopfuura 20 vari kuidzidza iye zvino.
Pakati pavo pane mazita anobva kuSpain, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Guatemala nePeru avo nenhetembo dzavo, zvinyorwa, madhirama nenganonyorwa vakahwina mubairo une mukurumbira pasi rose wakavambwa muna 1901 kuSweden. Pano tinorangarira vanyori vekuAmerica vekuAmerica vakapihwa mubairo wakanyanya kudaro.
Rondedzero yevanyori vekuAmerican American
Gabriela Mistral (Chile) - 1945
Wekutanga muSpanish muhwina weNobel Prize for Literature aive mukadzi; uye kusvika nhasi mumwe chete. Gabriela Mistral (1889-1957) aiva mudetembi, mudzidzisi, uye akashanda nesimba mukuvandudza dzidzo, iyo yaakafamba zvikuru pakati peAmerica neEurope nokuda kwebasa iri. Muna 1953 akagadzwa kuva consul muNew York uye nhume kuUnited Nations General Assembly. Chimiro chake chiri pakati pepostmodernism uye avant-garde; Mamwe emazita ake akakosha ndeaya Dongo (1922) uye notes (1938).
Nekuda kwenhetembo yake yenziyo iyo, yakafuridzirwa nemirangariro ine simba, yakaita kuti zita rake rive chiratidzo chetarisiro yezvishuvo zvepasi rose reLatin America.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: chinyorwa chekurangarira chaGabriela Mistral, basa reanthological mundima uye prose rakagadzirwa neRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) uye Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (ASALE).
Miguel Angel Asturias (Guatemala) - 1967
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974) anoita synthesis ye surrealism uye mashiripiti echokwadi erunako rukuru mubasa rake.. Ideology yake yekuruboshwe uye pre-Hispanic folklore zvaive zviviri hunhu hwebasa rake. Ndiye mudetembi wepasi rese weGuatemala, kunyangwe aizofira muhutapwa kuMadrid. Dzimwe dzenyaya dzake dzakanakisa ndeidzi Mr. President (1946) uye Varume vegorosi (1949).
Nekubudirira kwake kwekunyora kwehupenyu, kwakadzika midzi muhunhu hwenyika netsika dzevanhu veko veLatin America.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: Mr. President Iyo ine zvakare chinyorwa chayo chekurangarira. Uku kupikisa hurumende dzehudzvanyiriri dziri muLatin America. Iri bhuku rakafuridzirwa nemudzvanyiriri weGuatemala Manuel Estrada Cabrera.
Pablo Neruda (Chile) - 1971
Nhetembo dzaPablo Neruda (1904-1973) chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika, chikamu chakaratidzirwa nehutsinye hwehondo. uye kuparadza kwainosiya mukumuka kwayo, nevanhu vakuvadzwa nezvombo, udzvinyiriri uye kutya. Asiwo rudo, nhetembo inofashukira neshungu nehunyoro. Akave akabatanidzwa kune chizvarwa che27 uye basa rake zvakare inhaka ye postmodernism uye avant-garde. Basa rake renhetembo zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete, hazvisi zvekune dzimwe nyika zvachose, uye zvinwiwa kubva kune zvakaitika kwaari uye zvakagadziriswa kusvika panguva yaigara mudetembi. yedzidziso yeCommunist, hupenyu hwake hwaive hwakazvipira kune zvematongerwo enyika, aive senator uye akave mumiriri wehutungamiri hweChile.
Saizvozvowo, akararama hupenyu hwakanyanya semufambi nekuda kwebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika. Kushungurudzika kwake pamusoro pekupondwa kweshamwari yake yakanaka García Lorca kwakaita kuti arwire kudivi reRepublican muhondo yevagari vemo., nokudaro achigadzira basa rake Spain mumoyo. Mamwe emabasa ake anonyanya kukosha ndeaya Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa, General imbakana ndangariro dzako Ndinoreurura kuti ndakararama. Pablo Neruda aizofira muSantiago, nekurwadziwa kwekuona Pinochet achikwira kusimba kuburikidza nekupandukira uye kuurayiwa kwaSalvador Allende.
Kune nhetembo iyo nekuita kwesimba rekutanga inopa hupenyu kune magumo uye zviroto zvekondinendi.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa ibhuku rinounganidza munyori wenhetembo akazotevera. Akazvinyora muhuduku hwake, asi inotangira kune izvo zvichazoguma zvave basa raNeruda. Zvichida nekuda kwechikonzero ichi muenzaniso uye mumwe wemiunganidzwa yake inonyanya kuzivikanwa yenhetembo. Iri ibasa rinodisa uye rinonakidza rine postmodernist uye avant-garde samples.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombia) - 1982
Murondedzeri akakwidziridzwa, Gabriel García Márquez (1927-2014) anopa mucherechedzo wemashiripiti emuHispanic-America.. Basa rake rine hunhu husingakanganisi uye raibata nemadingindira ekusurukirwa nemhirizhonga zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pe Makore zana okusurukirwa, kuva nemutsauko Marara, Colonel haana wekumunyorera o Chronicle Yerufu Rwakafanotaurwa.
Akazvarwa mudhorobha reAracataca, aizivikanwa nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti Gabo, Gabito nekuda kwedenderedzwa rake repedyo. Pesvedzero yasekuru nasekuru naamai vake uye vanhu vake vaizogadzirisa basa rake uye fungidziro yake yekusika.; kune yakawanda yeAracataca muMacondo de Makore zana okusurukirwa. Akazvipira hupenyu hwake kushoko kuburikidza nenhau uye kunyora.
Kune rimwe divi, chimiro chake chezvematongerwo enyika chekuruboshwe chaizivikanwa uye akashamwaridzana naFidel Castro. MuCuba akatanga iyo yakakurumbira San Antonio de los Baños Film School; kutaura idi, akatora rutivi mukunyora kwechinyorwa chacho Jongwe regoridhe, pamwe chete naCarlos Fuentes. Akafambawo munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope neAmerica kusvika azogara kuMexico, kwaakafira.
Zvemanovhero ake uye nyaya pfupi, umo akanakisa uye echokwadi anosanganiswa munyika yakapfuma inoumbwa nekufungidzira, ichiratidza hupenyu nekukonana kwekondinendi.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: Makore zana okusurukirwa vanoti irondedzero yakakwana; Iine denderedzwa pfungwa yehupenyu inosanganisa pre-Hispanic mirairo neLatin America miscegenation. Mumhuri yeBuendía tinoona kuzvarwa kwenyika nekunyangarika kwayo, magadzirirwo anoitwa vanhu uye kuti kuvepo kwevanhu vese kunomiririrwa sei mune aya mavara. Yakakosha classic.
Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Octavio Paz (Mexico) - 1990
Octavio Paz (1914-1998) anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nenhetembo yake uye kunyora rondedzero.. Aiva nebasa rekunyora rakajeka uye akashanda nesimba mumagazini, achibudisa nhetembo dzake dzokutanga pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe. Nyika yeSpain nevazivi vayo vakaratidza basa rake, kunyanya nekuda kwerwendo rwaakaita mukati memakore ehondo yevagari veSpain. Ikoko akasangana, pakati pevamwe, muChilean Pablo Neruda.
Anoshanda semumiriri uye muEurope anozofurirwawo nevadetembi veSurrealism. Basa rake rakasiyana, zvisinei, iyo idiosyncrasy yeMexico inomira pachena uye kufanomirira kutsanangura maitiro avo, tsika, tsika uye nzira yekuve., akakodzera panyaya iyi Labyrinth yeKuva wega. Muna 1981 akagamuchirawo chikwata Cervantes Mubayiro. Pakati pemabasa ake akatanhamara ndeaya Labyrinth yeKusurukirwa, Gondo kana zuva? y Uta nembira.
Zvekunyora zvine rudo zvine mahorizoni akafara, zvinoratidzwa nehungwaru hwekunzwa uye kuvimbika kwevanhu.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: Labyrinth yeKusurukirwa, apo munyori anotsanangura nzanga yeMexico, mavambo ayo sevanhu vekare veSpain, pesvedzero yeSpain, uye chiratidzo nemhedzisiro muMexico yanhasi.
Mario Vargas Llosa (Peru) - 2010
Akazvarwa muna 1936, Mario Vargas Llosa anoonekwa sewekupedzisira akapona tiguu Latin America. Iyo ine zvakare Cervantes Mubayiro uye PMuchinda weAsturias, uye anotora tsamba L muRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) kubvira 1996. Akaveza basa rinokosha revatapi venhau, panguva imwechete yaakazvisimbisa semunyori. Akagadzira nyaya pfupi, novel, rondedzero nemitambo. Mabasa ake ane mukurumbira ndeaya Guta nembwa, Kukurukurirana muchechi yepamusoro y Mutambo wembudzi.
Hudiki hwake hwakapedzerwa pakati peBolivia nePeru. Achiri kuyaruka, akanyora mutambo wakaitwa muLima. Akadzidza Letters neLaw ndokubva atanga basa rake rekutora nhau. Muna 1958 akasvika kuMadrid aine bhezari ndokuva Chiremba wePhilosophy uye Tsamba.. Achange achigara munyika dzakasiyana dzekuEurope, kusanganisira Spain, uye kuLondon achadzidzisa sapurofesa wezvinyorwa. Akashandawo pabasa rekushandura naJulio Cortázar kuUNESCO. Muna 1993 akawana nyika yeSpain, asi zvakare anochengeta Peruvian.
Nekuda kwemepu yake yezvimiro zvesimba uye mifananidzo yake yakaoma yekupikisa kwega, kumukira nekukundwa.
- bhuku rinokurudzirwa: Guta nembwa. Iri ibhuku rake rekutanga, bhuku rakashata pamusoro pedzidzo yemauto muhuduku uye simba rayo pahurume. Iri bhuku rinopfuura nekuti richaratidza kutanga uye kupera kwerizvino Latin America novel.
