Jorge Guillen

Jorge Guillén Álvarez (Valladolid, 1893 - Málaga, 1984) aive mudetembi nhengo yeGeneration of 27 inozivikanwa neisina kujairika tarisiro pasirese. Chiratidzo ichocho chakamuita vavengi pakati pevazhinji veSpanish maartist avo vakatambura mushure meHondo Yenyika. Nechikonzero ichi, vanyori venhoroondo vanowanzoenzanisa chinzvimbo chake (kupesana ne) Aleixandre's poetic tarisism.

Kune rimwe divi, Guillén anoonekwa seanonyora nyanduri - bhuku rake rekutanga rakabuda aine makore makumi matatu nemashanu - pamwe nemudzidzi akananga aJuan Ramón Jiménez. Isati yatanga kunyorwa zvinyorwa, Akashanda semutsoropodzi uye mushandirwi wemagazini akakosha epfungwa enguva kuSpain. Pakati pavo, Spain, La Pluma, indekisi y Western Magazine.

Biography

Jorge Guillén akaberekerwa muValladolid, Ndira 13, 1893. Kubva paudiki hwake akaenda kuColegio de San Gregorio kudzamara aenda kuFreiburg aine makore gumi nematanhatu kunodzidza chiFrench. Gare gare, ndakagara paMadrid Student Residence inozivikanwa ndichiri kudzidza Philosophy uye Tsamba mumuzinda weSpain. Kunyangwe degree rake rakazowanikwa kuYunivhesiti yeGranada.

Kuroora uye kutanga mabasa ezvidzidzo

Pakati pa1909 na1911 aigara kuSwitzerland. Zvino kubva muna 1917 kusvika 1923 aive muverengi wechiSpanish kuLa Soborna muParis, kwaakatanga kunyora nhetembo dzake dzekutanga. Iyi yaive nguva yekufamba kwakawanda; mune rimwe rawo akasangana naGermaine Cahen, waakaroora muna 1921. Vaviri ava vaive nevana vaviri, Claudio naTeresa (Wekutanga akazova mutsoropodzi uye nyanzvi mukuenzanisa mabhuku).

Jorge Guillén akadzokera kuSpain muna 1923. Mwaka wakatevera Akawana doctorate yake uye kubva muna 1925 akatanga kudzidzisa Spanish Literature paYunivhesiti yeMurcia. Kunyangwe zvaaisungirwa pakudzidza, Guillén akaenda neyakajairwa kuResidencia de los Estudiantes, kwaakashamwaridzana nevanhu vakaita saFederico García Lorca naRafael Alberti

Basa rako mukati meGeneration ye27

Ma1920s yaive nguva iyo Guillén akatanga kushanda mukati merukova rwe "nhetembo dzakachena." Icho chaive chimiro chekusika chinoratidzwa nekunyatso kwemukati uye kusavapo kwezvakajairika zvishongo zvemazuva ano. Yako yekutanga kutumira, Chant (1923), yaive nenhetembo makumi manomwe neshanu dzakaburitswa muna Magazini yekuMadokero.

Guillén akabata zvinyorwa zvake sebhuku rinoenderera, saka, Chant Yakabudiswa zvakateerana kusvika 1950. Hunhu hwake hwekutaura nehasha hwakanonoka kuburitswa kwa Chant mune fomati yemabhuku kusvika 1928. Iyi dhizaini yeyakagadziridzwa enziyo nziyo yakagoneswawo nevamwe vaaishanda navo kubva Chizvarwa che27. Pakati pavo, Pedro Salinas, Vicente Aleixandre naDámaso Alonso.

Asati uye mushure meHondo Yenyika

Jorge Guillén akapedza kechipiri doctorate kuOxford pakati pa1929 na1931. Kudzoka kuSpain Akashanda saPurofesa wezvinyorwa paYunivhesiti yeSeville kusvika pakatanga Hondo Yenyika muna 1936. Mushure mekutanga kwehondo, akasungwa kwenguva pfupi muPamplona, ​​akambosungwa akadzokera pachinzvimbo chake muSeville ndokududzira Ndinoimbira vafira kuSpain naPaul Claudel.

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Chant

Iri basa rakadudzirwa senzira yekuSpanish Falange naGuillén havana kutora nguva yakareba kuzvidemba. Chero zvazvingaitika, Bazi rezvedzidzo rakamurambidza kubata chinzvimbo chepamusoro kana chekutungamira Neichi chikonzero, Guillén akafunga kuenda kuutapwa kuUnited States muna 1938.

Kutapwa

KuNorth America, Guillén akadzokera kunodzidzisa Zvinyorwa uye Tsamba kuYunivhesiti yeMiddlebury, McGill (Montreal) uye kuWellesley College. Raive basa rakamiswa katatu. Kutanga paakava chirikadzi muna 1947. Zvino, muna 1949 akapedza mavhiki mashoma kuMalaga achishanyira baba vake vairwara. Pakupedzisira, akasiya basa muna 1957 kubva kuWellesley College ndokuenda kuItari muna 1958.

Ikoko, muFlorence, akasangana naIrene Monchi-Sismondi, waakaroora muBogotá musi waGumiguru 11, 1961. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, akadzokera kubasa rekudzidzisa makosi uye misangano kuHarvard University nekuPuerto Rico. Asi Kudonha nekutsemuka kwechiuno kwakamanikidza Jorge Guillén kuenda pamudyandigere zvachose kubva kudzidzisa muna 1970.

Makore apfuura

Pakupera kwehudzvanyiriri hwaFranco, munyori weValladolid akafunga kudzokera kuSpain, ipapo akagara muMalaga kubva muna 1975. Kubva panguva iyoyo kusvika parufu rwake (muna Kukadzi 6, 1984), munyori weValladolid akagashira mvumo yakawanda nematanho. Pakati pazvo, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:

• Cervantes Wokutanga Mubairo (1976).
• Alfonso Reyes International Mubairo (1977).
• Akatumidzwa inokudzwa nhengo yeRoyal Academy yeSpanish Mutauro (1978)
• Anodikanwa Mwanakomana waAndalusia (1983).

Nhetembo dzaJorge Guillen

"Kurara rudo"

Iwe wakarara, iwe wakasimudza maoko ako uye nekushamisika
Makakomberedza kusarara kwangu Wakatama seizvi
husiku hwekurara, pasi pemwedzi wakabirwa?
hope dzako dzakandiputira, ndakarota ndainzwa.

"Gungwa rakanganikwa"

Gungwa rakanganikwa,
rwiyo, muromo;
gungwa mudiwa,
kutendeka kupindura kuchido.

Zvakafanana nehusiku
uye mvura yaro mhenga,
zvishuwo zvinomutsa
kune nyeredzi dzinotonhora.

Caresses ake zviroto
vanovhura rufu ajar,
iwo mwedzi unowanikwa,
ndiwo hupenyu hwepamusoro soro.

Pamasana erima
mafungu ari kunakidzwa.

Hunhu hwebasa raJorge Guillén

Kubata kwenyanduri netsiva yaGuillén ndeimwe yekugara uchifara pamutambo unoshamisa wehupenyu. Pamusoro pe, iko kukwidziridzwa kunoratidzwa nenzira yakarongeka, yechinyakare, uye yakanyorwa nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Iko kushaikwa kwezvishongo zvine rwiyo kunobva mukuomesa maitiro ekubvisa ayo anoguma nekugadzirwa kwemitsara yakawandisa.

Naizvozvo, Mubasa raGuillén izwi rega rega rinomiririra iko iko kwanyanduri. Iko kune pfungwa dzinotenderera nekubatana kwechinhu chakakwana uye kunyangwe zvinhu zvakapusa zvehupenyu hwevanhu zvakakosha kwazvo. Kuti abudirire zvakadaro - asingarasikirwe nenziyo - mudetembi wechiSpanish akashandisa musambo wakanangana ne:

• Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemazita (kazhinji nguva dzose pasina zvinyorwa), pamwe nemazita ezita risina chiito. Zvakanaka, chinangwa ndechekuti mazita anoratidza chimiro chezvinhu.
• Kugara uchishandisa mitsara yekushamisira.
• Kakawanda kushandiswa kwemavhesi eunyanzvi hushoma

Kuverenga nguva kwemabasa ake

• Chant (1928; 75 nhetembo).
• Chant (1936; 125 nhetembo).
• Chant (1945; 270 nhetembo).
• Chant (1950; 334 nhetembo).
• Orchard yeMelibea (1954).
• Zvemambakwedza uye nekumuka (1956).
• Mheremhere: Maremagnun (1957).
• Razaro nzvimbo (1957).
• .. izvo zvavachazopa mugungwa (1960).
• Natural Nhoroondo (1960).
• Miedzo yaAntonio (1962).
• Zvinoenderana nemaawa (1962).
• Pakukwirira kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu (1963).
• Mutero (1967).
• Mhepo yedu: Canticle, Chema, Mutero (1968).
• Civil wreath (1970).
• Padivi (1972)
• Uye dzimwe nhetembo (1973).
• Kubatana (1975).
• Final (1981).
• Mashoko acho (1981).