shahararrun mawaka

Sappho na Mytilene (650/610 BC - 580 BC) ya kasance, a cikin dukkan yuwuwar, shahararriyar mawaƙin zamanin da. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ba a jin labarin sauran mashahuran mawaƙa sai karni na sha takwas. Irin wannan "rashin" yana ba da amsa, ba shakka, ga abubuwan al'adu waɗanda suka ba da damar tilastawa maza a cikin wallafe-wallafe da fasaha a gaba ɗaya. Tabbas irin wannan abu ya faru a kusan dukkanin fagagen wayewar kasashen yamma (siyasa, addini, kimiyya)...

Tabbas, abin da aka rubuta a sama ba ya nufin cewa babu wasu abubuwan da mata suka yi na rubutattun waqoqi a wancan zamani, kawai “babu wani tarihi”. Duk da haka, ba a cire cewa bincike kan wannan batu na iya tasowa a kowane lokaci ba. Duk da haka, a cikin sakin layi na gaba za mu yi nuni a taƙaice -a tsarin lokaci- ga rayuwa da aikin wasu fitattun mawakan mata har yau. Takaitaccen bayani ne wanda ko da yake ya ragu, yana nuna ƙwararrun mawaƙa masu hazaƙa waɗanda suka yi alama tare da kafa ma'auni a matakin waƙar duniya.

majagaba

Sappho na Mytilene

Har ila yau aka sani da Sappho na Lesbos, Akalla waƙoƙin waƙoƙi 650 waɗanda za a haɗa su da kiɗa ana danganta su ga mawaƙin Girkanci. Duk da haka, masana tarihi sunyi la'akari da cewa ta kasance mawallafi mai mahimmanci, tun da (watakila) ta yi wakoki fiye da 10.000. Daga cikin su, mafi sanannun shine Yabo ga Aphrodite.

A cikin rubuce-rubucenta, Sappho ta ɗauki ra'ayi na takamaiman mutum, sabanin mawaƙan mawaƙa na magabata waɗanda wahayi ya samo asali daga “tushen Allah”. Hakanan, Saboda yawancin jigogin ta, ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin abin koyi ga mace mai cin gashin kanta. Hasali ma, kalmar madigo ta fito ne daga tsibirin Lesbos, inda ta rayu tsawon rayuwarta.

Phillis Alkama

Ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1761, an kawo wata yarinya 'yar shekara bakwai a cikin Phillis don a sayar da ita cikin bauta a Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. Sai John Wheatley, wani hamshakin dan kasuwa, ya saya wa matarsa. Daga baya, matashin da aka kama ya fara rubuta wakoki tun yana dan shekara goma sha uku; Rubuce-rubucensa sun fito a jaridu daban-daban na gida da na Burtaniya.

A cikin 1773 ta zama mace ta farko Ba-Amurke da aka buga tare da tarin sabbin wakoki.. Wannan aikin ya samu yabo daga mashahuran zamaninsa irin su George Washington ko Benjamin Franklin. Ko da yake Wheatley ya sami 'yanci, ya mutu cikin talauci a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1784; yana dan shekara 31 kacal. Ga wasu shahararrun wakokinsa:

• An Kawo Daga Afirka zuwa Amurka (1773);
• Akan Nagarta (1773);
• Zuwa ga Mai Girma Janar Washington (1775).

Elizabeth Barrett Kawa

Elizabeth Barrett (Durham, Ingila, Maris 6, 1806 - Roma, Italiya, 29 ga Yuni, 1861) Ya fara rubuta waka tun yana dan shekara 6. An tabbatar da wannan precocity ta hanyar kammalawa The Yakin of Marathon: Waka (1820) da shekaru 12. Hakazalika, Bature ya zama marubuci mafi ƙanƙanta da ya kammala nazari mai zurfi na wallafe-wallafen godiya ga Muqala A Hankali, Tare Da Sauran Waqoqin (1826).

Bayan aurenta da marubuci Robert Browning a 1844, ta sami sabani da mahaifinta kuma an tilasta ta ta koma Florence, Italiya. A wannan lokacin, marubucin Dunelmian ya riga ya kasance sanannen mawaƙin Victorian, tare da aikin da ya rinjayi sauran marubuta marasa mutuwa kamar Edgar Allan Poe ko Emily Dickinson. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:

• Kukan Yara (1842)
• Yaya nake son ku? (1950)
• Aurora leigh (1856).

Emily Dickinson

An haife shi a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1830 a Amherst, Massachusetts. Mafi yawan malamai suna nuna mata a matsayin mace mafi muhimmanci a tarihin waka harshen turanci. Ko da yake an san irin baiwar da take da ita a rayuwa, amma ta yi rayuwa mai zurfi kuma yawancin abokantaka ta hanyar wasiƙa ne.

Ayyukansa mai ban sha'awa - tare da waƙoƙi sama da 1800 - an san shi a yau "waƙar paradox" saboda yadda ake amfani da su na musamman da nau'i. Ko ta yaya, gadon mawaƙin Amurka wanda aka yi masa lakabi da shi Belle na Amherst ya yi tasiri mara misaltuwa akan adabin Anglo-Saxon. Dickinson ya mutu a garinsu yana da shekaru 55, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1886.

Wasu daga cikin fitattun waqoqinsa:

• Domin Ba Zan Iya Tsayawa Don Mutuwa ba (1890);
• Fata shine abin da ke da gashin gashi (1891);
• Ni ba kowa! Quien eres? (1891).

Christina Rossetti asalin

Masu sukar Ingilishi na shekarun 1850 sun zo don kwatanta Christina Rossetti (Disamba 5, 1830 - Disamba 29, 1894) mafi mahimmancin mawaƙin zamaninta. Daga cikin sanannun tarihinsa akwai A Birthday (1861), Ka tuna (1862) y Kasuwar Goblin (1862).

Rosalia de Castro

Maria Rosalia Rita de Castro (Fabrairu 23, 1837 - Yuli 15, 1885) An yi la'akari da daya daga cikin mahimman gashin gashin tsuntsaye Maimaitawa Galiziya. Hakazalika, tare da Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, mawaƙi kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya sun shiga cikin tarihi a matsayin mafarin waƙoƙin zamani a Spain. Duk hujjojin da aka ambata anan suna da kyau sosai a cikin ayyuka masu zuwa:

• Wakokin Galizia (1863);
• Kuna fuck novas (1880);
• A bankunan Sar (1884).

Sarojini Naidu

An haife shi a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1879, a Hyderabad, Indiya. Da farko mahaifinsa ya so ya karanta ilimin dabi'a ko lissafi, amma, tun tana karama ta yi fice wajen wakokinta da suka shafi yara, yanayi, soyayya da mutuwa. Tuni a cikin balagagge, waƙoƙin Naidu sun mayar da hankali kan kishin ƙasa.

Yunkurin siyasarta ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta shugabanci majalisar dokokin Indiya. A matakin adabi, ya sanya lokacinsa da tunaninsa akan kyawun da ba ya lalacewa. Ya rasu a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1949. Daga cikin fitattun halittunsa, sun yi fice Masunta Coromandel, A cikin bazaars na Hyderabad y palanquin bearers.

Gabriela Mistral

An yi Baftisma a matsayin Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Afrilu 7, 1889 - Janairu 10, 1957), Mawakiyar kasar Chile, jami'in diflomasiyya kuma farfesa ita ce macen Ibero-Amurka ta farko da ta samu kyautar Nobel ta adabi.. Har ila yau - daga cikin kayan ado da yawa -, ya kasance likita "mai daraja" daga Kwalejin Mills na Oakland, Jami'ar Guatemala da Jami'ar Chile.

Ayyukansa da aka fi sani:

• Hallaka (1922);
• Tala (1938);
• Tausayi (1942).

Alfonsina Storni

Ko da yake an haife shi a Switzerland a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1892. Gadon Stormy Yana daga cikin adabin zamani na Argentine. A cikin abubuwan da ta tsara ta matso da jigon mata tare da zayyana ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa da rashin sha'awar jima'i.. Hakazalika, wakokinta sun bayyana cututtukan jiki da yanayin tunanin da suka shafe ta na dogon lokaci kuma suka kai ta kashe kansa a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1938.

Wasu daga cikin fitattun halittunsa:

• Harshe (1920);
• Kalaman soyayya (1926);
• Duniyar rijiyoyi bakwai (1934).

Joan of Ibarbourou

An dauki mawaƙin Uruguayan ɗaya daga cikin mafi wakilcin alkalan wakokin Latin Amurka a farkon rabin karni na XNUMX. Ba banza ba, Ibarbourou (Maris 8, 1892 - Yuli 15, 1979) ya sami bambanci na "Juana de América" ​​a 1929. Shirye-shiryenta sun yaba da soyayya, zama uwa, kyawun jiki da yanayi. Daga cikin littattafan da ya shahara akwai:

• tushen daji (1922);
• Tashin iska (1930);
• Rasa (1950).

Shahararrun mawakan mata da aka haifa a karni na XNUMX da sanannun ayyukansu

Anaïs Nin

Anais Nin; (Neuilly-sur-Seine, Faransa, Fabrairu 21, 1903 - Los Angeles, Janairu 14, 1977). Rubuce-rubucensa sun nuna babban tasiri na motsi na surrealist da kuma nazarin ilimin halin dan Adam.. Ayyukansa na waƙa da aka fi sani shine Delta ta Venus: Erotica (1977).

Maya Angelou

Maya Angelou (Afrilu 4, 1928 - Mayu 28, 2014) ta kasance mawaƙiyar mawaƙin da ke da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar 'yancin ɗan adam a Amurka. Daidai, A cikin aikin waƙar ta ta bincika jigogin da suka shafi mace, soyayya, asara, kiɗa, wariya da wariyar launin fata. A ƙasa akwai sanannun tarin waƙoƙinsa:

• Har yanzu I tashi (1978);
• Mace mai ban tsoro (1978);
• Akan bugun Safiya (1993).

Yankin Sylvia

An haifi marubuci a Boston, Massachusetts, a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1932 Ta kasance majagaba a cikin abin da ake kira "waƙar ikirari". Irin wannan nau'in furci na lyrical yana da mahimmanci ta hanyar mayar da hankali ga al'amuran mutum, wato, dandano, kwarewa, psyche da raunuka. Wannan al'amari na ƙarshe ya kai ta ga fama da matsalolin damuwa a duk rayuwarta kuma, a ƙarshe, ta kashe kanta (11 ga Fabrairu, 1963).

Daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa akwai:

• Daddy (1965);
• Tulips (1965);
• Mirror (1971).

Rupee kaur

Mawaƙin da aka haife shi a Punjab, Indiya, a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1992—wanda ya zama ɗan ƙasar Kanada— Watakila ita ce mawakiyar zamani wacce ta fi shahara a shafukan sada zumunta a yau. Tarin waqoqinsa na farko, Madara da Ruwan Zuma (2017) ya sayar da fiye da kwafi miliyan biyu kuma ya kasance a kan mafi kyawun jerin masu siyarwa na New York Times na sati 72.

Daga cikin fitattun waqoqinsa akwai:

• Ga duk wanda ya ji an ki (2014);
• Ga masu sha'awa (2014);
• zama ruwa (2014).

Sauran shahararrun mawakan mata da aka haifa a karni na XNUMX da sanannun ayyukansu

• Margaret Yourcenar; Belgium (Yuni 8, 1903 - Disamba 17, 1987)
  • Juyin mulki na alheri (1939);
  • Tunawa da Hadrian (1951);
  • Ka yi la'akari (1968).
• Josephine na Hasumiyar; Spain (25 ga Satumba, 1907 - Yuli 12, 2002)
  • Ayoyi da bugu (1927);
  • waqoqin tsibiri (1930);
  • Maris bai cika ba (1933).
• Daukaka Mai Karfi; Spain (Yuli 28, 1917 - Nuwamba 27, 1998)
  • kangaroo ga komai (1968);
  • Damisa uku da alkama (1979);
  • soyayyen ayoyi (1994).
• Elise Cowen; Amurka (31 ga Yuli, 1933 - Fabrairu 27, 1962). Yawancin rubuce-rubucensa iyayensa ne suka kona shi saboda yadda yake yi na luwadi da shan muggan kwayoyi. Yawancin aikinsa Toni Trigilio ne ya gyara shi Elise Cowen: Wakoki da Rubuce-rubuce (2012).
• Mary Oliver; Amurka (10 ga Satumba, 1935 - Janairu 17, 2019)
  • American Na farko (1983);
  • House na Haske (1990);
  • Farin Pine: Waƙoƙi da Waƙoƙi (1994).
• Alejandra Pizarnik; Argentina (Afrilu 29, 1936 - Satumba 25, 1972)
  

  Jumla ta Alejandra Pizarnik

  • Itace Diana (1962);
  • aiki da dare (1965);
  • Ƙididdigar jini (1971).
• Gioconda Belli; Nicaragua (Disamba 9, 1948 –)
  • Layin wuta (1972);
  • Tsawa da bakan gizo (1982);
  • mace mai fushi (2020).
• Magaly Salazar Sanabria; Venezuela (Agusta 31, 1940 –)

• • konewa (1992);
  • Gidan mai kallo (1993);
  • juriya jiki (2006).