Roald Dahl Littattafai

Roald Dahl sanannen marubuci ne ɗan Wales, marubuci, marubucin labarin gajere, kuma marubucin rubutu na asalin asalin ƙasar Norway.. Ya sami shahara a duk duniya saboda shahararrun ayyuka kamar James da Giant Peach (1961), Charlie da Kamfanin Chocolate (1964), Tatsuniyoyin abin da ba zato ba tsammani (1979), Bokayen (1983), Matilda (1988) ko Ruwa Trot (1990). Haihuwar Llandalf (Cardiff), a ranar 13 ga Satumbar, 1916, yana da rayuwa mai cike da almara mai ban al'ajabi wanda ya zama wahayi. Tasirinta ya kasance har Emma Watson ya bada shawarar karanta shi.

Amma ba duk abin da ke da sauƙi ba, mutuwar ƙaunatattu kuma maimaitawa ce a gare shi. Ya kasance cikin rikice-rikice daban-daban har zuwa kwanakinsa na ƙarshe, musamman saboda maganganun da ya nuna game da Isra’ila, ko kuma saboda matsalolin da suka taso yayin sauya fim daga wasu abubuwan kirkirar adabinsa. Koyaya, ana tuna da shi saboda babban gadon ilimi, da kuma son zuciya. Daga cikin gudummawar su kalmomin da ya kirkira wadanda aka sanya a cikin kamus din Turanci na Oxford.

Rayuwar Roald Dahl

Yara

Harald Dahl da Sofie Magdalene Hesselberg iyayenta ne. Lokacin da ƙaramin Roald yake ɗan shekara 3, 'yar'uwarsa Astrid ta mutu sakamakon cutar appendicitis. Bayan 'yan makonni mahaifinsa ya mutu sakamakon cutar nimoniya. A halin da ake ciki, abin da ya kamata ga uwa mai takaba ta kasance ta koma ƙasarta ta haihuwa Norway, amma ta ci gaba da zama a Burtaniya. Wannan ta yi shi ne saboda burin mijinta shine ta ilimantar da yaransu a makarantun Burtaniya.

Ilimin firamare

Har zuwa shekara takwas Dahl yayi karatu a Makarantar Katolika ta Llandalf, Sannan ya halarci makarantar St. Peter's mai zaman kansa a garin Weston-super-Mare da ke gabar teku na tsawon shekaru shida. Bayan haihuwarsa ta goma sha uku, yarinyar Roald ta shiga makarantar Repton a Derbyshire, inda ya kasance kyaftin din ƙungiyar biyar kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto.

Haihuwar shahararren Charlie da "Yaro"

Kasancewarsa a Repton ya samo asali ne daga sanannen labarin shahararrun yara Charlie da masana'antar cakulan (1964)Kamar yadda wani kamfanin gida lokaci-lokaci yakan aiko da kwalaye na kayan zaki wanda daliban zasu dandana. Hakanan ya kasance yana yin hutun bazara tare da danginsa a Norway, wanda hakan zai zama wahami ga rubutu. Yaro: labaran yara (1984). Kodayake yana iya zama kamar aikin tarihin mutum ne, Dahl koyaushe yana musantawa.

Ilimi mafi girma

Bayan ta kammala makarantar sakandare, ta yi kwas na bincike a cikin Newfoundland tare da Exploungiyar Binciken Makarantu na Jama'a. Daga baya, a cikin 1934, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Ingila tare da Royal Dutch Shell, wani kamfanin mai. Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka tura shi Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania ta yanzu) don kammala karatunsa a Shell House, inda yake ba da mai a cikin haɗarin ɓoye na zakoki da kwari masu saurin tashin hankali.

Lissafin sa a cikin WWII

Lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ɓarke ​​a 1939, Roald Dahl ya koma Nairobi don shiga cikin Sojan Sama. Bayan ya kammala horo na kusan awanni takwas, ya fara tashi shi kadai yana al'ajabin da namun dajin Kenya (ya yi amfani da waɗancan abubuwan a littattafansa daga baya). A cikin 1940 ya ci gaba da samun horo a Iraki, an sanya shi jami'i kuma an ba da umarnin zuwa 80^vo RAF team.

Kusa da mummunan haɗari

Manufofin sa na farko sun hada da jigilar mai a cikin jirgin Gloster Gladiator. A daya daga cikinsu, a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1940, ta yi mummunan hatsarin da ya kai ga mutuwa a Libya saboda kuskure a wurin da aka sanya (tsakanin layin Burtaniya da Italiyanci). An ƙaddara wannan a cikin binciken RAF na gaba. Da kyar Roald Dahl ya tsere daga jirgin mai ƙonewa tare da karayar kokon kansa, karyewar hanci da makaho.

Maido da mu'ujiza

Duk da cewa likitoci sun yi hasashen cewa ba zai sake tashi ba, saurayi Roald ya dawo da ganinsa makonni takwas bayan haka. na haɗarin kuma an sake shi a watan Fabrairun 1941, yana dawowa kan aikin jirgin sa. A wannan lokacin, tawaga ta 80 ta riga ta kusa da Athens, suna gwagwarmaya cikin yanayi mara kyau game da sojojin Axis. Har yanzu, bayan watanni biyu, Dahl ya haye Bahar Rum don ya haɗu da su.

Hangen nesa ya kasance mara kyau: guguwa 14 da 4 Bristol Blanheim na Biritaniya a cikin yankin Hellenic akan jiragen sama na abokan gaba sama da dubu. A lokacin jirgin ruwan bama-bamai na farko da ya yi a Chalcis, Dahl ya fuskanci maharan bam shida shi kaɗai, suna iya harba ɗaya don daga baya ya tsere ba tare da lahani ba. Duk waɗannan abubuwan da suka shafi yaƙi an kama su a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwar sa Yawo kai kadai.

Farkon wallafe-wallafe, aure da yara

En 1942 an nada shi a matsayin mataimakin mai tsaron iska a Washington. A cikin wannan garin zai yi littafinsa na farko, da farko ana kiransa Wani yanki na kek (sauki peasy). A can ne ya sake ba da labarin hatsarin da ya yi a jirgin Gloster Gladiator, amma a ƙarshe an sake shi a ƙarƙashin taken An yi harbi kan Libya. A cikin 1943 yaransa na farko ya bayyana, Gremlins, wanda ya dace da sinima shekaru da yawa daga baya.

Jarumar fim din Amurka Patricia Neal matar sa ce daga 1953 zuwa 1983, tare da ita yana da yara biyar, daga cikinsu, marubucin Tessa Dahl. Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin 1962 'yarsa' yar shekara bakwai Olivia ta mutu daga mummunan encephalitis wanda cutar kwayar cutar kyanda ta haifar. Theo, ɗansu tilo, ya sha wahala daga hydrocephalus saboda haɗari a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Sakamakon wannan taron, ya shiga cikin binciken da ya haifar da ƙirƙirar bawul ɗin Wade-Dahl-Till, na'urar da aka tsara don rage hydrocephalus. Wata ‘yarsa, Ophelia, ita ce ta kirkiro da kuma darekta na Parthners in Health, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke tallafawa mazauna yankunan mafi talauci a duniya da kula da lafiya.

Na biyu aure da mutuwa

Jikonta, ƙirarta kuma marubuciya Sophie Dahl ('yar Tessa), ta yi wahayi zuwa ɗayan manyan haruffa a ciki Kyakkyawan ɗabi'a mai girma (1982). Ya yi aure a karo na biyu a cikin 1983, tare da Felicity Ann d'Abreu Crosland, babban abokiyar matarsa ​​ta farko. MAn yi kira a kan Nuwamba 23, 1990, a gidansa dake Buckinghamshire, saboda cutar sankarar jini.

Daga cikin karramawan da aka karba tun bayan mutuwar mutum shine bude Gidan Yara na Roald Dahl a Bucks County Museum. da Roald Dahl Museum - Cibiyar Tarihi da aka buɗe a 2005 a cikin Great Missenden. Hakanan, Gidauniyar da ke ɗauke da sunansa ta ci gaba da ƙaddamar da marubucin ɗan Welsh a fannoni kamar su ilimin jijiyoyin jiki, ilimin jinni da ilimin mutane a yankuna masu rauni.

Mafi sanannun littattafai Roald Dahl

Charlie da masana'antar cakulan

Kaddamar da littafin yara na uku Roald Dahl - bayan Gremlins y James da Giant Peach- Hakan na nufin sauyawa a cikin aikin adabi. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa wannan aikin an sami nasarar daidaita shi don babban allon sau biyu (1971 da 2005). Labarin da aka buga a 1964 ya mai da hankali kan Charlie Bucket, wani yaro daga dangin talauci wanda ke zaune tare da iyayensa da kakanni, yana fama da yunwa da sanyi.

Sa'ar jarumar tana canzawa lokacin da ya ci ɗaya daga cikin tikiti biyar na zinare waɗanda ke ba da rangadi ta masana'antar cakulan garin.. Galibi ana rufe wurin don kauce wa leken asiri kuma mallakar mai kudin mai kudi ne Willy Wonka. Wannan mahaɗan ya shirya duk wannan don zaɓar magaji a cikin mahalarta biyar. Bayan jerin abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo, an kira Charlie mai nasara kuma ya koma cikin masana'antar tare da danginsa duka.

Tatsuniyoyin abin da ba zato ba tsammani

Aungiyoyin gajerun labarai ne guda 16 waɗanda suka fito fili a cikin 1979. A baya can, an buga labaran a cikin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. Baƙin raha, shakku da makirci abubuwa ne na yau da kullun a cikin su duka. Wasu suna musamman game da fansa (Lady turton, Sunan mahaifi Dimittis) ko bacin rai (Lamban Rago Gasa, Hawan Sama). Kuma, kamar yadda yake a cikin labarin yaransu, yawanci suna ƙare da tatsuniyar ɗabi'a.

Bokayen

An buga shi a shekarar 1983. Gyara fim dinsa (1990) wanda Nicolas Roeg ya jagoranta ya haifar da rikici saboda sauye-sauyen da aka yi, tunda ba su dace da labarin ba kuma sun bata wa Dahl rai da yawa. Labari ne wanda mutum na farko ya fada wanda yaci karo da mayu biyu "waɗanda basa kamar waɗanda suke cikin labaran". Na farkon ya so ya ba shi maciji; da na biyun ma ya fi muni.

A layi daya, mai ba da rahoto ya ba da labarin mummunan hatsarin mota da iyayensa suka sha wahala, wanda saboda haka, kakarsa ta tashi a Norway. Mai kula da yarinyar ta bayyana irin halaye irin na mayya kuma ta gargaɗe shi game da hare-haren da suka gabata kan yara 5 waɗanda ta sani. Amma gano bokayen suna da rikitarwa, suna yin ado kamar mata na gari yayin kammala ayyukansu na sirri: don halakar da yaran duniya.

Matilda

Wannan aikin na Dahl wanda aka buga a cikin 1988 dole ne ya zama sananne ga Millennials, wannan saboda sanannen fim ɗin fim mai ban sha'awa (1996) wanda Danny DeVito ya jagoranta. Jarumar fim din ita ce Matilda Wormwood, yarinya 'yar shekara biyar mai hankali, mai son karatu da iya tunani. Ita 'yar iyayenta wawaye ne kuma ba su san kyawawan halayenta ba.

Malaminsa, Miss Honey, da ta lura da halayenta na ban mamaki, sai ta tambayi Shugaban Trunchbull cewa Matilda ta halarci babban aji. Shugabar makarantar ta ƙi, tunda a zahiri ita muguwa ce wacce ke jin daɗin hukunta yara ba tare da wani dalili ba. A halin yanzu, Matilda ta haɓaka ikon telekinesis, tana iya motsa abubuwa da idonta.

Miss Honey tana da masaniya game da damar yarinyar kuma tana gayyatarta gidanta. A can Matilda ta lura cewa malamin nata matalauci ne kuma yana shan wahala a ƙarƙashin kulawar inna ta, wanda aka bayyana (daga baya) Mrs. Trunchbull. Don haka Matilda ta tsara yadda za a fitar da Misis Trunchbull daga rayuwarsu zuwa ga alheri. Lokacin da ta yi nasara, Matilda sauran yara suna yaba ta kuma ta wuce zuwa aji na gaba.

Sakamakon haka, ƙaramar yarinyar ta rasa ikon ta na telekinesis saboda dole ne tayi amfani da dukkan kwakwalwarta don cin nasarar sabbin batutuwa. A ƙarshe, Matilda ya ƙare da zama a ƙarƙashin kulawar Mrs. Honey. (wanda bai daina ma'amala da Ms. Trunchbull) bayan an kama iyayen yarinyar da satar motoci.

Haɗin fasaha da adabi na Roald Dahl

A cikin duka, Roald Dahl buga labaran yara 18, litattafan adabin yara 3, litattafai 2 na manya, litattafai 8 na labarai, litattafan tarihi 5 da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Dangane da duniyar audiovisual, Dahl ya zana rubutun fim 10, gami da sanannun sassan Muna zaune ne sau biyu kawai a cikin (1967), Chitty Chitty bang bang (1968) y A fantasy duniya (1971), da sauransu.

Ya kuma halarci a matsayin furodusa da / ko mai masaukin baki a shirye-shiryen talabijin 7 a Burtaniya da Amurka.. An tsara ayyukansa zuwa fina-finai masu fasali 13 waɗanda jama'a suka karɓa sosai, kamar su James da Giant Peach (1996), Kyakkyawan Mista Fox (2009) y BFG (2016 - asalin Turanci taken na Kyakkyawan ɗabi'a mai girma). Bugu da ƙari, an canza abubuwan da ya kirkira zuwa jerin 9 da gajeren wando na talabijin.