Rayuwa da aikin Juan Rulfo

Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno mai daukar hoto ne kuma marubuci na asalin ƙasar Meziko. Ya kasance memba na Makarantar Koyon Harshe ta Meziko, ɗayan membobin ƙarni na 1952 kuma ya ba da lambar yabo ta Gimbiya ta Asturias don Wasiku.

A cikin Latin Amurka ya sanya kansa a matsayin ɗayan fitattun marubutan ƙarni na XNUMX kuma ya kasance shahararren marubuci a kasarsa. Halin Juan ya kasance mai kiyayewa sosai; aikinsa Pedro Paramo ya nuna ƙarshen zamanin adabi na juyin juya hali kuma ya haifar da farkon haɓakar Latin Amurka.

Tarihin Rayuwa

Haihuwa da dangi

An haifi Juan Rulfo a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1917 a Jalisco, Mexico. Mahaifinsa shine Juan Nepomuceno Pérez Rulfo da mahaifiyarsa María Vizcaíno Arias, Juan ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa kuma shi ne ɗan na uku na iyayensa, sannan yana da kanne biyu.

Sun tafi sun zauna a wani gari da ake kira San Gabriel, a cikin Jalisco da can Iyalin sun sha wahala sosai na yakin Cristero kuma an kashe mahaifinsa a cikin 1923, lokacin da Juan yake ɗan shekara 6. Bayan shekara hudu mahaifiyarsa ta mutu, ta bar kakarsa ta kula da shi.

Matasa da karatu

Rulfo ya fara karatun firamare a garin da yake zaune. Koyaya, a cikin 1929, shekaru bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa kuma saboda kakarsa ba za ta iya riƙe shi tare da ita ba, dangin sun sanya shi a gidan marayu kuma dole ya koma Guadalajara.

Da zarar ya kasance a gidan marayu, Juan ya ci gaba da horarwa ta ilimi; duk da haka, ba wurin da yake son zama bane. A cikin 1933 yayi kokarin shiga Jami'ar Guadalajara, amma saboda yajin aikin gaba daya bai samu ba. Bayan haka ya tafi Mexico City, inda ba zai iya fara karatun ba ma.

Rayuwa ta aiki

Da zarar ya kasance a babban birni, sai ya fara aiki a Sakatariyar Gwamnatin Mexico kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa a cikin ƙasar, saboda an ba shi ayyuka daban-daban zuwa matsayinsa kuma dole ne ya cika su. A wannan lokacin ya koyi al'adu da yawa kuma ya buga labarai da yawa a cikin mujallu.

A shekarar 1947 ya fara aikinsa na daukar hoto ya auri Clara Aparicio, wata mata wacce yake da yara hudu. Ya yi aikin tallatawa kamfanin inda ya fara a matsayin mai daukar hoto, Goodrich; a wancan lokacin ya hada kai wajen samar da tafkin Papaloapan kuma aka buga shi a Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

Gasar adabi

A 1953 marubucin ya buga Wurin Konawa kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya bayyana aikin ga jama'a Pedro Paramo, na biyun shi ne saman sa. Tsakanin 1956 da 1958 Juan Rulfo ya rubuta Zakara na zinare, labari wanda tsawon sa shi da kansa yake daukar labari. Littattafan wannan marubucin suna cikin mafi kyau a Meziko.

Littafin gajerun labarai goma sha bakwai Juan Rulfo da litattafan nashi sun isa a basu lambar yabo ta adabi ta kasa a shekara ta 1970. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka ya yi tafiya zuwa Venezuela kuma a Babban Jami'ar wannan ƙasar ya furta cewa ya bar rubuta littattafai saboda mutuwar kawunsa Celerino.

Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa

Shekaru goma bayan haka, a watan Satumban 1980, an zabe shi a matsayin memba na Makarantar Koyarwar Wasiku ta Mexico kuma ya saki asusun da ya rubuta a baya, Zakara na zinare. A cikin 1983 an bashi lambar yabo ta Yariman Asturias, a halin yanzu ana kiranta Gimbiya Asturias.

Marubucin ya kamu da cutar kansa kuma a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1986 a garin Mexico, kuma ya mutu ne sanadiyyar huhu. Saboda sanannen sa an sanya shi a fili Los murmullos, tarihin tarihi game da mutuwar Juan Rulfo, aiki tare da rasuwa da ke da alaƙa da mutuwarsa.

Gina

Bayan mutuwar marubuci, an sake buga ɗayan ayyukansa, tunda akwai kurakurai da yawa a ciki. Hakanan, an buga littafin labaran da ya yi a tsawon rayuwarsa, inda aka tabbatar da sauyawar Rulfo a matsayin marubuci.

Littafin labari

• Filayen da ke kan wuta (1953).

Abun ciki

• "Macario"
• "Ba su ba da ƙasar ba."
• "Gangar comadres".
• "Shi ne cewa mu talakawa ne sosai".
• "Mutumin".
•  "Washe gari".
• "Talpa".
• "Bayyanar Konewa".
• "Ku gaya musu kada su kashe ni!".
• "Luvina".
• "Daren da suka barshi shi kadai."
• "Ka tuna":
• "Paso del Norte".
• "Anacleto Morones".
• "Ba za ku iya jin karnukan karnukan ba".
• "Gadon Matilde Arcángel".
•  "Ranar faduwa."

Novelas

• Pedro Paramo (1955).
• Zakara na zinare (1980, 2010 sake bugawa).