Menene haikus?
Littattafan Jafananci sun ba wa duniya wasu mafi kyawun rubutu da ban sha'awa da aka taɓa rubutawa, ba don komai ba, ƙasar na da waɗanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel har zuwa yau. Al'adun Sinawa sun yi tasiri sosai - ban da tarihin tarihinsu, addini da yanayin yanayi - Jafanawa sun fara tattara bayanan wanzuwarsu ta hanyar kojiki ko tunani.
Tun lokacin da aka amince da Kanji -wanda aka rubuta kafin 538- jerin abubuwan siyasa da zamantakewa sun faru waɗanda suka ƙarfafa juyin halitta na fasaha, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma waƙa, farawa da kalaman zane-zane. Ya kasance kamar haka, A farkon karni na 17, wani malamin addinin Buddah mai suna Matsuo Bashō ya shiga cikin abin da ake kira yanzu. haiku.
Menene haikus?
Haiku ko haiku salo ne na waƙar Jafananci. An siffanta ta da taqaitacce, tana da ayoyi uku ne kacal na biyar, bakwai da biyar., bi da bi. Jafananci yawanci suna komawa ga sashin harshe na rarrabuwa a matsayin “moras”, wanda ke wakiltar ƙaramin kewa fiye da kalmomin da aka ambata, don haka haiku – a cikin phonology na Jafananci – yana iya zama 16, 17 ko 23 moras.
Haiku yana da alaƙa da Taoism da Zen. Duk da haka, asalinsa ya tsufa sosai. Tuni a cikin karni na 8, da Man'yoshu, wani aiki na gargajiya wanda ya fallasa ainihin tsarin wannan salon waƙar, farawa da ainihin darajar yanayi, ba a matsayin misali na yadda mutum yake ji ba, amma don mamakinsa da hakan.
5 littattafan haiku don karantawa
Baya ga fallasa jigogi irin su farkon yanayi ko kuma tunanin shimfidar wuri, a cikin shirye-shiryen haiku ana sa ran kasancewar hajin -ko haikist, a cikin Mutanen Espanya - an mayar da shi zuwa bango, cewa girmansa baya dagewa don ba da hanya ga m, mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi nunawa. Don ba da fa'ida mai fa'ida, anan akwai shawarwarin haikus guda 5.
Kabari yana fuskantar ruwa (2021)
Wannan littafi yana da haikus 130 da aka samo daga babban aikin ɗan zuhudu kuma marubucin Jafananci Taneda Santôka (1882-1940), wanda ya kirkiro wakoki sama da 8.400. Francisco Ramos da Haruka Ôta ne suka fassara ƙarar zuwa Sifen kai tsaye daga Jafananci. A cikin wannan kundin mai shafi 152, an bayyana cewa duk wani taron ya cancanci a haiku, kuma wannan fasaha ce da ba a bar ta a baya ba.
Sufaye tsirara (2006)
Taneda Santôka ya sake bayyana akan wannan jeri. Littafin ya kunshi Haikus 100 waɗanda ke magance batutuwa daban-daban da sarƙaƙƙiya kamar shaye-shaye da talauci. Yayin da mutum ya ci gaba da karanta shi, za a iya samun marubucin tsirara, a jiki da ruhi. Santôka yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan mawaƙa waɗanda suka rabu da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin adabin Jafananci kuma sun yi nasara a cikin aikin.
Hakusu (2023)
Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827) ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙan Jafanawa guda huɗu, kuma ana ƙauna sosai a ƙasarsa. A cikin wannan harhada, an tattara kasidu na asali guda 75, da ma wasu da yawa daga marubuta irin su Yosa Buson da Masaoka Shiki.. Rubutun kuma ya fara Aikin Buddha, na tarin Tasirin nirvana, wanda ke nufin rinjayar masu karatu a ruhaniya.
kalmomin haske (2009)
Bayan Matsuo Basho, akwai wani marubucin da furofesoshi suka kira "mahaifin haiku", kuma wannan ba wani bane illa Ueshima Onitsura (1661-1738). Aikin, bugu na farko a wajen iyakokin Japan, Vicente Haya ne ya fassara shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Farfesa Yoshihiko Uchida da Akiko Yamada. Wannan ya gabatar da waqoqin 90 na marubucin da suka fi dacewa.
Haiku-do, haiku a matsayin tafarki na ruhaniya (2008)
Vicente Haya shine kaɗai mawaƙi a cikin wannan jerin wanda ba Jafananci ba. Duk da haka, bincikensa da ayyukansa sun kasance masu mahimmanci don fahimtar haiku a Yamma wanda ba za a iya rasa sunansa a cikin labarin ba. A wannan ma'anar, littafinsa ya nuna Haikus 70 waɗanda ke haɗa salon waƙa tare da bincike mai zurfi na ruhaniya. A lokaci guda kuma, kowane yanki ana ɗaukarsa azaman sirri ne wanda dole ne a warware shi.
5 manyan mawakan Japan
Matsuo Basho
An haifi Matsuo Kinsaku a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1694. An ayyana shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mawaka na zamanin Edo. haka kuma daya daga cikin malaman haiku hudu. Ya fara haɓaka waƙa tun yana ƙarami, daga baya ya kafa kansa a matsayin mashahuri, har ya kai ga rubutun nasa ya sami damar yin ado da abubuwan tarihi da wuraren taruwar jama'a. Japan.
Yosa buson
An haifi Taniguchi Buson a ranar 16 ko 17 ga Janairu, 1784. An san shi da kasancewa daya daga cikin maharban haiku, kuma shahararren mai zanen bunjinga. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya ƙaura zuwa Edo don koyon waƙoƙin Jafananci a ƙarƙashin jagorancin malami Hayano Haijin. Bayan mutuwar ubangidansa, ya yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa arewacin Honsū. A can ne suka gano yanayin yanayin da ya sa su rubuta. Littafin Diary na Balaguro na Basho Oku no Hosomichi.
Kobayashi issa
An haifi wannan marubuci a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1827. Ya rayu a matsayin yaron da aka zalunta a lokacin kuruciyarsa, bayan mahaifinsa ya sake yin aure bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Lokacin da marubucin yana ɗan shekara goma sha huɗu ya yi tafiya zuwa Edo-yanzu Tokyo-inda ya fara aiki a cikin haikalin Buddha., yayin da ake yin salon waƙar haiku tare da Mizoguchi Sogan da Norokuan Chikua.
Masaoka shiki
Mawaki ne, mai sukar adabi kuma ɗan jarida daga zamanin Meiji. An haife shi a ƙarƙashin sunan Masaoka Tsunenori, ya rufe ƙungiyar manyan marubutan haiku huɗu. A lokacin aikinsa na adabi ya kuma rubuta kasidu da litattafai, inda ya bar ra'ayinsa mai karfi kan salon sauran marubuta da kuma matsalolin rayuwa daban-daban. Shahararren haikinsa sune jisei wanda ya halitta kafin ya mutu.
Tanada Santoka
An haife shi a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1882, kuma An fi tunawa da shi don ƙwaƙƙwaran salon salon da haikus ya ji daɗi. Tun yana yaro, ya shaida yadda aka fitar da mahaifiyarsa daga gidan da kyau bayan ya kashe kansa. Wannan hangen nesa har abada yana nuna dangantakarsa da mata. Malaminsa shi ne Ogiwara Seisensui, mai gyara salon haiku na gargajiya, wanda daga wurinsa aka ce Santôka ya koyi ilimin larabci.