Kalmomin daga Federico García Lorca.
Sunan Federico García Lorca yana kama da girma da bala'i. Yana da da yawa daga cikin mafi wakilcin ayyukan waƙar Mutanen Espanya na karni na XNUMX, daga cikinsu. Mawaki a New York ana la'akari da mafi dacewa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, yawancin ƙwararrun ilimi suna yin nuni ga wannan yanki da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga babban birni na Amurka a matsayin sauyi a cikin aikinsa.
Mawaƙin Granada ya rubuta Mawaki a New York yayin da yake zaune a cikin "birnin da ba ya barci" (Yuni 1929 - Maris 1930). Wani gunki ne wanda ya ƙunshi ayoyi na kyauta maɗaukaka da hotuna na gaskiya, cikakke don kwatanta rikice-rikicen birane. A can, Lorca ya nuna wahalhalu na mafi yawan marasa amfani ga lalacewar fasaha da ci gaban wayewa.
Analysis of Mawaki a New York
Jigogi da salo
Lorca ya nuna a cikin Mawaki a New York karin ingantaccen bayani da juyin halitta na ra'ayi rashin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da tarihin ƙasarsa (yawanci a cikin ayyukan magabata). Hakazalika, ayoyin da aka rubuta na 'yanci masu ɗauke da kalamai na ɗabi'a, na zahiri da marasa ma'ana, suna neman jawo hankalin mai karatu ta hanyar bayyanar da ji.
Saboda wannan, Wannan yanki yana wakiltar wurin sauyi a rayuwar mawaƙin Andalusian daga waƙar gargajiya zuwa shawarwarin avant-garde.. An tafi da ma'aunin ƙididdiga bisa ga soyayya da littafin waƙa (a fili a cikin Waƙoƙi, misali). Tuni a ƙarshen 1920s, waƙar waƙar Lorca ta ba da ɗimbin ɗaki don fantasy da riƙon amana.
Rashin mutuntawa
Aikin da Big Apple ya yi wahayi yana wakiltar zanga-zangar zamantakewa wanda ke fallasa bala'in mafi rauni mazaunan birni. A can, Ba-Amurke-Amurka da yara ƙanana sun bayyana da wulaƙanta an cire musu ɗan adamtaka don cutar da injiniyoyi da ƙirar gine-gine. Akasin haka, hoton da aka bayyana ga sauran duniya yana nuna birni mai kyan gani.
Haka kuma, Lorca ya bayyana kin amincewarsa na jari hujja da sakamakon zamani. Hakazalika, wariya na tsari da rashin adalcin da ƴan tsiraru baƙar fata ke fama da shi ya cika marubuci daga Granada da rashin tausayi. Don haka, Mawaki a New York An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin kuka don neman 'yanci, kyakkyawa da ƙauna.
Rashin mutuwa
Dabbobin dabbobi na birni-karnuka, galibi- sun kammala abubuwan ban mamaki na cikin karkashin kasa new yoker. Karnuka ba sa tsira daga bala'o'in da wayewar masana'antu ke haifarwa, ware, son abin duniya da munafunci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, lokacin ba zai iya zama mafi muni ba: Zuwan Lorca a ƙasar Arewacin Amirka ya faru a jajibirin Crash na 1929.
Saboda haka, marubucin Iberian ya ji haushi mai zurfi yayin da ya zagaya da Harlem tare da abokansa na jazz daga Small's Paradise club. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun bayyana a cikin me Lorca ya kira "zaluntar mutum ta mutum" a cikin dajin sanyi da duhu mai duhu. Wannan ya haifar da karo na gaba tare da hasken yanayi na yanayi da kuzarin da ya saba da shi.
na cikin gida shawarwari
Lalacewar da ƴan ƙasa suka yi ya sa mawaƙi ya ji tausayin mawaƙin wanda shi ma ya ɗauka cewa an ɗaure shi da al'ada. A halin yanzu, Lorca a hankali ya bayyana sabani da liwadinsa ya haifar a tsakiyar tsauraran ka'idojin zamantakewa na wancan lokacin.
Ya kamata a lura cewa sha'awar jima'i na Lorca ya kasance batun tattaunawa ga masana tarihi. Ya fi, cewa fuskantarwa wani bangare ne na abubuwan da aka zayyana (tare da zargin alaka da kungiyoyin gurguzu) da Falangists ke amfani da su wajen tabbatar da kamasu da kuma kisa na gaba.
Aiki na dindindin inganci
Korafe-korafen da Lorca ta bayyana a ciki Mawaki a New York kusan karni da suka wuce har yanzu suna latent a yau. Tabbas, ƙididdigewa bai gyara babban rashin daidaiton zamantakewa ba yayin da mafi yawan marasa galihu ke ci gaba da zama marar ganuwa a cikin kyakkyawan hoton da aka yi hasashe zuwa sauran latitudes. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan sabani suna dawwama a cikin sauran manyan biranen duniya.
An cire daga "Duhu a Coney Island"
Mace mai kiba ta gaba
fitar da saiwoyi da jika fatun ganguna;
mace mai kiba
wanda ke juya dorinar ruwa masu mutuwa a ciki.
Mace mai kiba, makiyin wata.
ya bi ta tituna da gidajen kwana
kuma ya bar ƙananan kwanyar tantabara a sasanninta
da kuma tayar da husuma na liyafa na ƙarni da suka gabata
kuma ya kira aljanin gurasa a hayin tuddai na sararin sama
sannan tace begen haske cikin zagayawa na karkashin kasa.
Makabarta ce, na sani, makabarta ce
da zafin dakunan girki da aka binne a karkashin yashi.
su ne matattu, da pheasants da apples na wani sa'a
masu tura mu cikin makogwaro.
Game da marubucin, Federico Garcia Lorca
Federico Garcia Lorca.
Shi "shahidi mawaki» ya zama alamar juriya bayan kashe shi a hannun 'yan tawayen a lokacin yakin basasa. Masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa wannan kisa ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 1936, a kan hanya tsakanin Viznar da Alfacar, Granada. Ta wannan hanyar, an kashe rayuwar mawaƙi mai nisa a gaban Spain na lokacinsa da kuma ɗaya daga cikin gumaka na ƙarni na 27.
A saboda wannan dalili, Rayuwar Federico García Lorca kawai za a iya kwatanta shi tun daga ƙuruciyarsa har zuwa ƙuruciyarsa, tunda balagarsa yayi gajere sosai. An haife shi a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1898, a Fuente Vaqueros, Granada. Ya taso ne a gidan wani mai gida (mahaifinsa) da malami (mahaifiyarsa), wanda ya ba shi damar yarinta mai cike da yawo a karkara, karatu, kade-kade da murna.
Matashi mai cike da tafiye-tafiye da farin ciki na hankali
A cikin 1914 matashi Federico shiga a Jami'ar Granada, a can ya karanci sana'o'in Falsafa da Wasika da Shari'a. A lokacin hutunsa, sha'awar rubuce-rubuce ta farka yayin da yake zagayawa da yanayin yanayin Spain tare da abokan karatunsa na jami'a. A wannan lokacin, ya kammala rubutunsa na farko da aka buga. Bugawa da shimfidar wurare (1918).
Daga baya, Lorca ya rayu na 'yan shekaru a cikin sanannen Residencia de los Estudiantes a Madrid, inda ya sadu da irin su Einstein da Marie Curie (a tsakanin wasu). Hakanan, Tare da masu fasaha da haziƙai irin su Salvador Dali, Rafael Alberti ko Luis Buñuel, mawaƙin Andalusian ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar avant-garde. wanda ya wuce zuwa zuriya a karkashin sunan "The Generation of 27".
Yawon shakatawa na Amurka
Rikicin siyasa na marubucin Mutanen Espanya tare da mulkin kama-karya na Primo de Rivera ya sa shi barin Spain tsakanin bazara na 1929 zuwa lokacin rani na 1930. A wannan lokacin, ya ba da laccoci yayin da yake kusanci da al'adu da mutanen wurare kamar New York, Vermont, Miami, Havana da Santiago de Cuba.
A cikin layi daya, Lorca ya rubuta Mawaki a New York - wanda aka buga shekaru hudu bayan mutuwarsa - kuma, A lokacin zamansa a cikin Caribbean, aikin wasan kwaikwayo ya fi fice shi ne Jama'a. Mai hankali daga Granada zai dawo nahiyar Amurka a cikin 1933, lokacin da ya gabatar da nasarorin abubuwan ban mamaki na abubuwan ban mamaki (da kuma babban adadin taro) a Buenos Aires da Montevideo.
Gina
Littattafan waqoqi
- Waƙoƙi (1921)
- Wakar cante jondo (1921)
- Ode zuwa Salvador Dalí (1926)
- Gypsy soyayya (1928)
- Mawaki a New York (1930)
- Makoki don Ignacio Sánchez Mejías (1935)
- wakoki shida na Galici (1935)
- duhu soyayya sonnets (1936)
- Tamarit Divan (1940)
guntun wasan kwaikwayo
- Butterfly Hex (1920)
- Mariana pineda (1927)
- Bajintar mai yin takalmi (1930)
- Altarpiece na Don Cristóbal (1930)
- Jama'a (1930)
- Don haka shekaru biyar sun shude (1931)
- Ƙaunar Don Perlimplin tare da Belisa a cikin lambun sa (1933)
- Bikin Auren Jini (1933)
- bakarariya (1934)
- Doña Rosita guda ɗaya ko harshen furanni (1935)
- Gidan Bernarda Alba (1936).
litattafan
- Bugawa da shimfidar wurare (1918).