Emilia Pardo Bazán: fitattun littattafai da rayuwarta

"Emilia Pardo Bazán Libros" ya kasance ɗayan binciken da aka fi sani akan yanar gizo a cikin 'yan watannin nan. Dalilai suna da yawa, amma dukiyar da aikin wallafe-wallafen marubucin nan yake wakilta a cikin su duka. Bazán ɗan jaridar Spain ne, marubuci, mata, mai fassara, kuma edita. A tsawon rayuwarta ta kare 'yancin mata tare da tabbatar da cewa suna da matsayi na gari a cikin al'umma.

Marubucin ya kasance wani ɓangare na masu martaba da Royal Galician Academy. Sarki Alfonso na XIII ne ya ba ta taken ta na Countess of Pardo Bazán a watan Yunin 1908. Bazán ya samar da littattafai biyu da labarai, littattafan tafiye-tafiye da wasan kwaikwayo. Shahararrun kalmomin marubucin suma sun yi fice, daidaitacce ga kare mata kuma cike da kyakkyawa mai zurfin ilimin falsafa da waƙa.

Iyali da yarinta

An haifi Pardo a La Coruña, wani gari a cikin Galicia, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1851. Ya girma a cikin dangi. Mahaifinsa shi ne José María Pardo Bazán y Mosquera, wanda ke da taken farko a cikin sunan Pardo Bazán kuma sunan mahaifiyarsa Amalia María de la Rúa Figueroa y Somoza.

Mahaifinta mutum ne mai ra'ayin mata kuma ya tabbatar cewa Emilia tana da ilimi mai inganci. A lokacin yarinta ya kasance yana karanta littattafan da mahaifinsa yake dasu, wadanda ya fi so sune litattafai da rubutun tarihi. Yayi karatu a makarantar da ke da kariya daga gidan sarauta kuma yana saurayi tare da mata.

ilimi

Marubuciyar tana daga cikin fewan tsirarun mata na lokacin da suka ƙi koyan aikin gida da kiɗa.. Ta yi karatun Ingilishi, Faransanci da Jamusanci, mahaifinta da kawayenta masu ilimi sun ba ta ilmin kimiyya da falsafa saboda an hana karatun jami'a ga mata.

Rayuwar soyayya

A 1868 ta auri ɗalibin ɗan shekara 19 mai karatun lauya mai suna José Quiroga y Pérez Deza. Shekara guda bayan bikin auren sun yanke shawarar komawa Madrid tare da mahaifin Emilia, wanda zai yi amfani da matsayinsa na Mataimakin Cortes. A cikin 1871 sun tafi tare da ma'aurata Pardo-Rúa zuwa Italiya da Faransa.

Farkon aikinsa na adabi

A cikin diary Rashin Rashin Gaskiya ta fitar da rubuce-rubucenta kan tafiyar da ta yi tare da iyayenta da mijinta. A cikin waɗannan tarihin marubucin ya nemi ya nuna yadda tafiya kyakkyawar hanya ce ta haɓaka ilimin mutum. Ya ba da shawarar ziyartar sababbin wurare a kalla sau ɗaya a shekara.

A 1876 ya fitar da kasidarsa ta farko mai taken Nazari mai mahimmanci game da ayyukan Uba Feijoo wanda ya sami yabo da sha'awa. A waccan shekarar aka haifi ɗansa Jaime kuma ya samar da tarin waƙoƙin da Francisco Giner de los Ríos ya shirya kuma aka sanya mai suna iri ɗaya da na ɗan nasa.

A cikin 1879 'yarsa Blanca ta haifa kuma ta buga littafinsa na farko Pascual López, tarihin rayuwar ɗalibin likita. Wannan aikin nasara ne wanda aka bayyana a Mujallar Spain. Labarin ya faru ne a Santiago de Compostela kuma jigonsa ya kasance mai daɗi tare da sautin da ya dace.

Emilia buga Amarci a 1881, a cikin wannan aikin ya sanar da sha'awarsa ga yanayin halitta. A waccan shekarar aka haifi ɗiyarsa Carmen kuma ya fara yin rubutu tare da marubuci kuma ɗan siyasa Benito Pérez. A cikin 1882 ya nemi ilimi ga matan Sifen a makarantar hauza ta Free Institution of Education.

Yanayin Pardo

Marubucin Mutanen Espanya buga a 1882 Tambaya mai kuna, littafin da aka ɗauka a matsayin mai tallata ilimin ɗabi'a a cikin ƙasarsa. Aiki ne mai rikitarwa, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin mara addini da kuma batsa saboda labarin adabin Émile Zola ne. Saboda wannan takaddama, mijinta ya nemi ta nisanta daga yin rubutu.

Pardo-Bazán ya ci gaba da samar da ayyuka, gami da  Jaridar Tribune a shekarar 1883 da Matashiyar budurwa A cikin 1885, a ƙarshen ta sami wahayi daga matsalolin aure da rabuwa mai zuwa tare da mijinta José. A 1886 ya buga A pazos de Ulloa,  kuma a shekarar 1887 marubucin ya buga Yanayin uwa kuma ya fara motsawa daga dabi'ar halitta.

Siyasa da mata

Aikin jarida na siyasa da kuma gwagwarmayar da take yi na kare 'yancin mata ya ba ta babbar daraja. Ya gabatar da laccoci a lokuta daban-daban kuma yawancin maza na lokacin suna jin tsoron barazanar sa. A 1890 ya buga Matar Spain kuma koyi da mahaifinsa mutuwar. Wannan asarar ta kawo Emilia kusa da alama da kuma ruhaniya.

Tare da gadon mahaifinsa ya kirkiro mujallar siyasa da zamantakewa Sabon Musanya Wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 1892 an ƙi ta lokacin da take ƙoƙari ta kasance wani ɓangare na Royal Spanish Academy kuma a 1906 ta zama mace ta farko da ta shugabanci sashen adabi na cibiyar al'adun Atenea de Madrid. An ce a wani lokaci a rayuwar marubucin yana da ra'ayoyin nuna wariyar launin fata da ƙiyayya da yahudawa.

Shekarun da suka gabata da mutuwa

A cikin 1916 ta sami damar koyar da darussan adabin Neo-Latin, inda ta zama farfesa na farko na waccan kujera a Babban Jami'ar Madrid. Emilia ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1921 a babban birnin Spain. Littafinsa na farko Abubuwan sha'awa na haɗari kuma an buga wasu littattafan tafiyarsa bayan mutuwa.

Emilia Pardo Bazán: Fitattun Littattafai da Karin Magana

Anan akwai gutsutsuren wasu ayyukan marubucin Sifen:

Manyan fure

"Da yake ba kasafai ake samun yanayi ga talakawa ba, Amparo yana da kwatankwacin gasar tsere, amma ya tabarbare sosai, kuma jan kyalle ne kawai ya nuna rigar daga bazara zuwa hunturu ...

“… Duk da irin wannan kananan tufafi, ban san wane furanni ne na yarinta da ya fara nunawa a jikin ta ba; fatar jikinsa ta fi sauki da kuma siririya, bakaken idanunsa suna haske ".

Tambaya mai kuna

“Kamar yadda Zola ya fallasa ta, tana fama da kyawawan dabi'u na lahani waɗanda muka riga muka sani. Wasu daga cikin ƙa'idodinta suna da babban sakamako ga fasaha; amma akwai cikin dabi'ar halitta, wanda aka ɗauka azaman rukunin rukunan koyarwa, iyakance ...

“… Rufaffen hali ne wanda ba zan iya bayanin sa ba sai dai kawai in ce yana kama da ƙananan rufi da ƙananan ɗakuna, wanda numfashi ke da wuya. Don kiyaye nutsuwa, dole ne ka buɗe taga: bari iska ta zagaya sannan haske daga sama ya shiga ”.

Yanayin uwa

“A karkashin wata bishiya ma’auratan suka nemi mafaka. Ya kasance babban mai kare bishiyar kirji, tare da madaukakiyar kambi, a bude tare da kusan tsarin gine-gine a kan madaidaiciya kuma tabbataccen shafi na akwati, wanda yake da alama ya fara girman kai zuwa ga gizagizai da aka kwance: itacen patriarchal, irin wanda ke ganin tsararraki kwandunan da ke cin nasara tare da rashin kulawa mara kyau,, aphids, tururuwa da larvae, kuma ya ba su shimfiɗar jariri da kabari a cikin sinus ɗin fashewar haushinsu ”.