Antoine de Saint-Exupery: Littattafai

Lokacin da mutum ya ji kalmar "Antoine de Saint-Exupéry books", da alama take na farko da zai zo a zuciya shi ne. Princearamin Yarima. Tambaya ce gaba ɗaya ta ma'ana, tunda The Little Prince (1943) yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun litattafan falsafa da na yara a duniya. Koyaya, baya ga littafin da aka ambata a baya, fitaccen ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa na Faransa ya kammala ƙarin rubutu bakwai.

Baki daya, Rubuce-rubucen Saint-Exupéry suna wakiltar kwatance ɗaya na matukin jirgi da jarumi iya kwatanta kasada tare da mahallin mawaƙi. Hakazalika, an san aikin adabin ɗan ƙasar Lyon a lokacin rayuwarsa tare da lambobin yabo da yawa godiya ga littattafai kamar Jirgin dare (1931) ko ƙasar maza (1939).

Analysis na littattafan Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Jigon ko'ina

Daga farkon Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Mai Aviator (1926), Aeronautics wakiltar tushen wahayi biyu. A gefe guda kuma, shi ne babban batu na aikinsa, inda neman sana'a zai iya jawo asarar rayukan jaruman. A daya bangaren kuma, jirgin sama shi ne cibiyar ayyukan jarumta da ke haifar da tunani a kan duniya da kuma kai.

Waɗannan layukan muhawara sun bayyana a ciki Courier Kudu (kudu mail, 1929), wanda babban hali—matukin jirgi Jacques Bernis—ya mutu a hamadar Río de Oro. jirgin dare (Jirgin dare, 1931) an sadaukar da shi don ɗaukaka daukakar matukin jirgi na farko a tarihi. Waɗannan majagaba ba su yi jinkirin fuskantar mutuwa don su cika hakkinsu ba.

A hakikanin rai kasada

Abubuwan sirri na marubucin Gallic sun ƙunshi jigon jigon terre des hommes (ƙasar maza, 1939). A wannan yanayin, Jirgin saman abu ne mai kyau don dubawa da bincike na duniya. A lokaci guda kuma, yana nuna irin haɗin kai na zahiri a cikin ƙoƙarin 'yan uwantaka na mutane don cimma manufofinsu.

Musamman ma, godiya ga abubuwan da ya yi a jirgin sama—da kuma cewa ya tsira daga hatsarori da yawa—Saint-Exupéry ya yi suna a dukan duniya. Sannan, ya yi amfani da nasa memoirs domin daukaka hadin gwiwa, alhakin mutum da sadaukarwa ga kimar ɗan adam na duniya.

juyin halittar adabi

Kusa da ƙarshen 1930s, rubuce-rubucen Saint-Exupéry suna nuna haɓakar karin harshe, daraja da motsi. A wannan ma'ana, tarin yaki (matukin jirgi na yaki, 1942) hasashe ne na sirri game da jirgin leken asiri da aka yi a watan Mayu 1940. An aiwatar da manufar da ake magana a kai tare da ruhun sadaukarwa kuma an kammala ta a kan kowane rashin daidaituwa.

A lokacin zamansa a Amurka, Saint-Exupéry ya rubuta Lettre a un otage (Harafi ga wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi), wanda aka buga a 1944. Wannan rubutu kira ne ga haɗin kai ga dukan mutanen Faransa, ra'ayin da ya dace da amincin su ga juriya na Faransa. Duk da haka, bai taba boye kiyayyarsa ga Janar Charles de Gaulle, shugaban soja da shugaban siyasa na Free France ba.

Matukin jirgin ya zama almara

Ba tare da wata shakka ba, The Little Prince (Princearamin Yarima, 1944) ya sanya Antoine de Saint-Exupéry ya zama mutum marar mutuwa a cikin adabin duniya. Tatsuniya ce ta yara ga manya tare da kyakkyawar tunatarwa, a takaice kuma mara lalacewa: mafi kyawun abubuwa a rayuwa sune mafi sauƙi. Saboda haka, mutum zai iya samun dukiya ta gaskiya ne kawai idan ya iya ba da kyauta ga wasu.

A ƙarshe, ƙarancin yanke ƙauna a cikin kallon jirgin saman Lyonnais yana nunawa a fili kagara (Kagara, 1948). Wannan juzu'i ne na shawarwarin falsafa na bayan mutuwa game da ra'ayi mai tsayi a mataki na ƙarshe na marubucin Faransa. Wannan imani yana tabbatar da cewa dalili mafi ɗorewa na wanzuwar ɗan adam shi ne ya zama ma'ajiyar ka'idojin wayewa.

Annex: jimlar jimla guda shida na Princearamin Yarima

• “Dukkan manyan mutane sun kasance yara a da. (Amma kaɗan suna tunawa)”.
• "Lokacin da asirin ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ba zai yiwu a yi rashin biyayya ba".
• "Yana da wuya a yanke hukunci fiye da wasu. Idan za ka iya hukunta kanka, kai mai hikima ne na gaskiya.”
• “Abin baƙin ciki ne ka manta da aboki. Ba kowa ya samu ba."
• “Ga sirrina. Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai: mutum ba ya gani da kyau amma da zuciya. Muhimmanci ga idanu.
• "Lokacin da kuka ɓata don furen ku yana da mahimmanci ga furen ku."

Sobre el autor

Haihuwa, iyali, ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya

An haifi Antoine-Marie-Roger de Saint-Exupéry a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1900 a Lyon, Faransa. Marayu tun yana dan shekara hudu, shi ne na uku a cikin yara biyar a cikin dangin da ake girmamawa a garinsu. Duk da haka, marubucin nan gaba ba ƙwararren ɗalibi ba ne, haka kuma, ya faɗi jarrabawar shiga jami’ar sojan ruwa ta École (Naval Academy).

A kowane hali, matashi Antoine ya sami damar yin nazarin gine-gine na 'yan watanni a École des Beaux-Arts. A cikin 1921, an yarda da shi a cikin sojojin saman Faransa kuma bayan watanni goma sha uku ya cancanta a matsayin matukin jirgi na soja. A cikin 1926, ya shiga yaƙin neman zaɓe na Latécoère a Toulouse, wanda aka ba shi alhakin kafa hanyar wasiƙa. Jirgin sama sama da arewa maso yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Atlantika da Kudancin Amurka.

Aikin adabi da aure

gajeriyar labari Mai Aviator (1926) shine farkon adabin Saint-Exupéry. Daga baya, ya kammala kudu mail (1928) yayin da ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan tashar jirgin saman Sahara ta Spain. Tun daga Oktoba 1929, ya fara yin tafiya akai-akai daga General Pacheco Aerodrome (Argentina) zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin mazugi na kudancin (yafi zuwa Patagonia).

Matukin jirgin Faransa kuma marubuci ya rayu tsawon watanni 15 a yankin gaucho. Duk da cewa gidansa na hukuma yana a Cordoba, A Buenos Aires ne ya sadu da Salvadoran Consuelo Suncín, wanda ya aura a 1931. (Ita ce fure a cikin Princearamin Yarima). A wannan shekarar ya buga Jirgin dare kuma a cikin Fabrairu 1932 ya bar Argentina, tilastawa da rinjaye na siyasa halin da ake ciki.

Ayyukan aikin jarida, haɗari da yakin duniya na biyu

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Saint-Exupéry ya yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi na gwaji, wakilin jama'a na Air France, kuma mai ba da rahoto ga kamfanin. Paris Soir. Duk da yawan hasarar da ya yi a sanadiyyar hadurran jirgin - kusan ya mutu a cikin hamadar Sahara a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1935—, ya zama ma'aikacin jirgin leken asiri na soja. A halin yanzu, ya ci gaba da aikinsa na adabi tare da sakin ƙasar maza (1939).

Bayan haka, Matukin jirgin wanda haifaffen Lyon ne ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka lokacin da Faransa ta fada karkashin mulkin Nazi a 1940. A cikin al'ummar Arewacin Amirka ya buga matukin jirgi na yaki (1942). Ya koma Turai a cikin 1943 kuma nan da nan ya koma cikin rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Mediterrenean Air Squadron. A lokacin ya fuskanci matsalolin tattalin arziki masu tsanani; Bugu da ƙari kuma, don ƙara muni, Janar Charles de Gaulle ya zarge shi da goyon bayan Jamus.

Bacewar

Ranar 31 ga Yuli, 1944, Saint-Exupéry ya tashi daga filin jirgin sama na Corsica domin gudanar da aikin leken asiri a jajibirin mamayar Faransa. Wannan shine aikinsa na karshe, kada ya dawo. An gano gawarwakin jirgin da ya lalace tare da wani munduwa mai sunansa bayan shekaru sittin a bakin tekun da ke kusa da tsibirin Riou, mai tazarar mil 11 kudu maso gabashin Marseille.