Yini ama-haikus?
Izincwadi zesi-Japanese zinikeze umhlaba eminye yemibhalo emihle kakhulu nethakazelisayo eyake yabhalwa, hhayi mahhala, izwe linabawine uMklomelo KaNobel ababili kuze kube manje. Bethonywe kakhulu isiko lamaShayina - ngaphezu kwendabuko yabo, inkolo kanye nemvelo - amaJapane aqala ukubhala ngobukhona bawo ngokusebenzisa kojiki noma izinkumbulo.
Kusukela ekutholweni kwe- kanji -eyaqoshwa ngaphambi kuka-538- uchungechunge lwezici zezombangazwe nezenhlalo zenzeka ezakhuthaza ukuvela kwezobuciko, imidlalo yaseshashalazini nezinkondlo, kwaqala igagasi lezinkulumo zobuciko. Kwaba kanje, Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, indela engumBuddha uMatsuo Bashō yangena kulokho manje okwaziwa ngokuthi. haiku.
Yini ama-haikus?
I-haiku noma i-haiku isitayela sezinkondlo zaseJapane. Ibonakala ngobufushane bayo, inamavesi amathathu kuphela anamalunga amahlanu, ayisikhombisa namahlanu., ngokulandelana. AmaJapane ngokuvamile abiza iyunithi yolimi ehlukanisayo ngokuthi “moras”, emelela ububanzi obuphansi kunamagama ashiwo ngenhla, ngakho-ke i-haiku - ngephonology yesiJapane - ingakhiwa 16, 17 noma 23 moras.
I-Haiku ihlobene neTaoism neZen. Nokho, imvelaphi yayo indala kakhulu. Kakade ngekhulu lesi-8, i Man'yoshu, incwadi yakudala eyadalula ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwalesi sitayela sonkondlo, kusukela ngokubaluleka okungaphakathi kwemvelo, hhayi njengesingathekiso semizwa yomuntu, kodwa ngenxa yokumangazwa kwakhe yiyo.
5 izincwadi ze-haiku okufanele uzifunde
Ngaphezu kokudalula amatimu anjengokuqala kwezinkathi zonyaka noma ukucabanga ngendawo, phakathi nokulungiselelwa kwe-haiku kulindeleke ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-haiku. hayi -noma i-haikist, ngeSpanishi- ihlehliselwe ngemuva, ukuthi i-ego yakhe ayiqhubeki ukunikeza ithuba uyazi, esikhona esiqinile nesibonisa kakhulu. Ukunikeza umbono obanzi, nazi izincwadi ezi-5 ezinconyiwe ze-haikus.
Ithuna elibheke emanzini (2021)
Le ncwadi ine-haikus engu-130 ekhishwe emsebenzini obanzi wendela ejikelezayo kanye nomlobi waseJapane u-Taneda Santôka (1882-1940), umdali wezinkondlo ezingaphezu kuka-8.400. Umqulu wahunyushelwa olimini lweSpanishi usuka ngokuqondile eJapane usuka kuFrancisco Ramos noHaruka Ôta. Kulolu hlelo olunamakhasi ayi-152, kuthiwa noma yimuphi umcimbi ufanelwe wu- haiku, nokuthi lobu ubuciko obungashiywanga emuva.
Indela enqunu (2006)
U-Taneda Santôka uyavela futhi kulolu hlu. Incwadi ihlanganisa I-haiku engu-100 ekhuluma ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene neziyinkimbinkimbi njengotshwala nobumpofu. Njengoba umuntu eqhubeka nokuyifunda, kuyenzeka athole umbhali enqunu ngokuphelele, emzimbeni nasemphefumulweni. U-Santoka ungomunye wezimbongi ezimbalwa eziphume ezindinganisweni eziqinile zemibhalo yesi-Japanese futhi uphumelele kule nqubo.
I-Haikus (2023)
U-Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827) ubhekwa njengenye yezimbongi ezine ezinkulu zaseJapane, futhi uthandwa kakhulu ezweni lakubo. Kulokhu kuhlanganiswa, kuqoqwe izinkondlo zokuqala ezingama-75, kanye nezinye eziningi zababhali abanjengoYosa Buson noMasaoka Shiki.. Umbhalo nawo uyaqala Iphrojekthi kaBuddha, okungeyeqoqo Umphumela we-nirvana, ehlose ukuthonya abafundi ngokomoya.
amazwi okukhanya (2009)
Ngaphezu kukaMatsuo Bashō, kwakukhona omunye umbhali obizwa ngoprofesa ngokuthi “uyise we-haiku”, futhi lo akuyena omunye ngaphandle kuka-Ueshima Onitsura (1661-1738). Umsebenzi, uhlelo lokuqala ngaphandle kwemingcele yaseJapane, yahunyushwa uVicente Haya ngokubambisana noProfesa Yoshihiko Uchida kanye no-Akiko Yamada. Lokhu kwethula izinkondlo zombhali ezingama-90 ezifanele kakhulu.
Haiku-dô, haiku njengendlela yokomoya (2008)
UVicente Haya uyena yedwa imbongi kulolu hlu ongeyena umJapane. Nokho, ucwaningo lwakhe kanye nemisebenzi yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni i-haiku eNtshonalanga kangangokuthi igama lakhe alikwazi ukushoda esihlokweni. Ngalo mqondo, incwadi yakhe ibonisa I-haiku engu-70 ehlanganisa isitayela senkondlo nosesho oluyinkimbinkimbi lokomoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucezu ngalunye lubhekwa njengemfihlakalo okufanele ixazululwe.
Izimbongi ezi-5 ezinhle zaseJapan
Matsuo Bashō
UMatsuo Kinsaku wazalwa ngoNovemba 28, 1694, Uchazwa njengomunye wezimbongi ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkathi ye-Edo, kanye nenye yezingcweti ezine ze-haiku. Waqala ukuthuthukisa izinkondlo kusukela esemncane kakhulu, kamuva wazibonakalisa njengosaziwayo, kangangokuthi imibhalo yakhe yakwazi ukuhlobisa izikhumbuzo nezindawo zomphakathi. Japan.
Yosa buson
Wazalelwa uTaniguchi Buson ngoJanuwari 16 noma 17, 1784, Waziwa ngokuba ngomunye wezingcweti ze-haiku, kanye nomdwebi odume kakhulu we bunga. Ngesikhathi esemusha wathuthela e-Edo eyofunda ngezinkondlo zaseJapane ngaphansi kokufundiswa uthisha uHayano Haijin. Ngemva kokushona komeluleki wakhe, wanquma ukuya enyakatho yeHonshū. Kulapho bethola khona izindawo zemvelo ezibagqugquzele ukuthi babhale. I-Travel Diary of Bashō Oku no Hosomichi.
UKobayashi issa
Lo mbhali wazalwa ngoJanuwari 5, 1827. Waphila njengengane eyahlukunyezwa ebuntwaneni bakhe, ngemva kokuba uyise ephinde washada ngemva kokushona kukanina. Lapho umlobi eneminyaka eyishumi nane waya e-Edo—manje eyiTokyo—lapho aqala khona ukusebenza ethempelini lamaBuddha., ngenkathi sizilolongela isitayela senkondlo ye-haiku no-Mizoguchi Sogan no-Norokuan Chikua.
UMasaoka Shiki
Wayeyimbongi, umhlaziyi wemibhalo kanye nentatheli yenkathi yeMeiji. Wazalwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Masaoka Tsunenori, uvala iqembu lababhali abane abakhulu be-haiku. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala wabuye wabhala izindatshana namadayari, lapho ashiya khona imibono yakhe eqinile ngesitayela sabanye ababhali kanye nezingqinamba ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. I-haikus yakhe edume kakhulu jisei ukuthi wakudala ngaphambi kokuba afe.
Taneda Santoka
Wazalwa ngo-December 3, 1882, futhi Ukhunjulwa kakhulu nge-freestyle ekhuthazayo ejatshulelwe yi-haiku yakhe. Eseyingane, wabona unina ekhishwa kahle emndenini ngemva kokuzibulala. Lo mbono waphawula unomphela ubuhlobo bakhe nabesifazane. Umfundisi wakhe kwakungu-Ogiwara Seisensui, umsunguli wesitayela se-haiku esivamile, okuthiwa u-Santôka wafunda kuye nge-prose.