U-Edith Wharton Washona ngalolu suku ngo-1937 eSaint-Brice-sous-Forêt, eFrance. Umbhali oyisisekelo wengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX, umsebenzi wakhe okhunjulwa kakhulu ngu Inkathi Yobumsulwa, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1920 futhi ayithola ngenxa yayo Umklomelo wePulitzer, ngokuba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukuwunqoba. siyamkhumbula ebuka kafushane biography kanye ne ukukhethwa kwezinye zakhe novelas okubaluleke kakhulu
U-Edith Wharton
U-Edith Newbold Jones wazalelwa e-a umndeni ocebile phakathi nempi yombango yaseMelika. kwakungeka- Isigaba esiphezulu se-Anglo-Saxon, into eyaba nomthelela emkhathini nasekusungulweni kwabalingiswa emanovelini akhe. Ukuvakasha kwakhe okwalandela e-Italy naseParis nakho kwamholela ekubeni athintane namalungu ezikhulu eziphezulu zaseYurophu. Washada ukuze kube lula U-Edward Wharton, usomabhizinisi ahlukana naye ngo-1913. Waqala ngokushicilela izindaba ezihlukahlukene, kwaze kwaba yilapho kuvela inoveli yakhe yokuqala ngo-1902. isigodi sesinqumo, kodwa kwaze kwaba yisihloko sakhe sesibili, Indlu yenjabulo, lapho ezimisa njengomlobi.
Emisebenzini yakhe u-tama-emas kanye nomoya ohlobene nomphakathi wezinga eliphezulu. Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kwe abalingiswa besifazane abaqinile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bevaleleke phakathi kwezifiso zabo kanye nezidingo zalowo mphakathi ohlangene. Ingxenye yesitayela sakhe futhi yaba nomthelela wombhali UHenry James,umngane kabani. Futhi, ngaphezu kohlangothi lwakhe lokuxoxa izindaba, uWharton wayengum umklami wezwe odumile nomklami kwangaphakathi. Wabhala nezincwadi zokuhamba kanye nokweseka kwakhe kanye negalelo lakhe eNtabeni Yamazwe Ahlangene eMpini Yezwe I kwamzuzela ukumehlulelwa. Ibutho Lezhlonipho.
Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu, Inkathi Yobumsulwa, wayenobukhazikhazi ukuzivumelanisa nefilimu ngo-1993 nguMartin Scorsese. UMichelle Pfeiffer, uDaniel Day-Lewis kanye noWinona Ryder bangabalingiswa bayo.
U-Edith Wharton - Ukukhethwa kwamanoveli
Indlu yenjabulo
Lily bart uhlala intandane eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye futhi wemukelwa umalumekazi komunye wemindeni emidala kakhulu emphakathini waseNew York. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, uLily akakashadi noma akakenzi lutho ukuze azimele. Ngakho-ke, njengoba emuhle, ehlakaniphile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu, ubukeka ongenkani ukushada, okusho nokungena emhlabeni we izivumelwano ezinolaka obuswa ukukhohlisa, ukungathandi, inkohliso kanye nokukhwabanisa.
U-anti wami ugcwele ama-axiom ajwayelekile, wonke aqanjwe ukuze alawule ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwamashumi amahlanu. Ngihlale ngiba nombono wokuthi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nawo kungasho ukugqoka imikhono ye-brocade kanye ne-caped. Futhi abanye besifazane—abangane bami abakhulu—bayangisebenzisa noma bayangihlukumeza, kodwa abanandaba nokuthi kwenzekani kimi. Sengivele ngabonwa kakhulu abantu sebeyakhathala ngami baqale bathi angishade.
Inkathi Yobumsulwa
Un isithombe esingalingani somphakathi ophezulu waseNew York wama-1870s, Ngesikhathi sayo bekuyinoveli ecelwe kakhulu emitatsheni yolwazi yomphakathi futhi edayisa kakhulu ezitolo zezincwadi. Futhi, eqinisweni, iyincwadi yakudala yezincwadi zaseMelika ngokujwayelekile.
Abalingiswa abalingiswa abathathu abachazwe kahle futhi abahlukene: Newland Archer, ummeli othembisayo womunye wemindeni emikhulu yaseNew York, uyingoduso ye-sweet and conservative May Welland, okunguyena umzala ka I-Countess Olenska, esanda kufika evela eYurophu ngemva kokuhlukana nesikhulu sasePoland esingacacile nesingathembekile. Izimiso zika-Archer, owaziyo ukuthi ubenesimilo esingabazisayo kuze kube yileso sikhathi futhi ofuna ukwenza ngobuqotho nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo, zizontengantenga lapho ethandana no-Countess Olenska.
I-New York yayiyidolobha elikhulu lazi kahle ukuthi emadolobheni amakhulu kwakungeyona "enhle" ukufika kusenesikhathi ku-opera; nokuthi yini “eyayithandeka” noma engazange “ithandeke” idlale indima ebalulekile eNewland Archer's New York njengezidalwa ezingaphenduki nezasendulo ezesabekayo ezazibusa isiphetho sokhokho bakhe ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.
Izingane
UMartin Boyne, indoda eneminyaka ephakathi ne impilo ebuthuntu, unquma ukuqeda ukuphila kwakhe kokuzulazula njengonjiniyela futhi ahlanganyele naye ukuvuthwa kwakhe URose Sellars, uthando lwakhe lobusha futhi osengumfelokazi ohlala kulo Europa. Emkhunjini ozomthatha, uBoyne uhlangana nezingane eziyisikhombisa zabangane bakhe bakudala, iWheaters, okuyinto ngaphansi kobuholi be Judith, endala, ifuna ukuzinza endaweni ethule futhi bahlale ndawonye naphezu kokuphikisa kwabazali babo. umfana uhlala umxhwele ngamandla kaJudith futhi unquma ukubafundisa nabo, ngakho zonke izinhlelo zakho ziyashintsha.
Lapho owesilisa ethanda owesifazane, wayehlale emdala njengoba efuna; kwathi lapho eyeka ukumthanda waba mdala kakhulu ukuba angasebenzisa iziphonso noma esemncane kakhulu ukuba angasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe.