Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo
Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo -noma Ein Psychologe erlebt das Konzentrationslager, ngesihloko saso sokuqala sesiJalimane, ingumcabango wakudala womcabango okhona owabhalwa isazi sefilosofi sase-Austrian, udokotela wengqondo, udokotela wezinzwa kanye nomlobi uViktor Frankl. Umsebenzi wanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1946, eVienna. Ukwethulwa kwaba impumelelo enkulu kwezohwebo, okuholele ekutheni umshicileli aphrinte olunye uhlelo. Nokho, yehlulekile ukudlula eyandulelayo.
Kamuva yathola ezinye izinhlelo, ngo-1955 enye ngo-1959, kokubili ngesiNgisi nangezinye izilimi, kuhlanganise neSpanishi, lapho yahunyushwa khona ngokuthi. Kusukela ekamu lokufa kuya ekubeni khona. Noma kunjalo, Kwaze kwaba ngo-1961 lapho lo mbhalo odumile wazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke ngohlelo lwe-Beacon. Cindezela okwakunesihloko Umuntu Ufuna incazelo o Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo.
Amazwibela we Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo
Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo ilandisa i- indaba yeminyaka emithathu —phakathi kuka-1942 no-1945— uViktor Frankl awachitha emakamu okuhlushwa amane amiswa phakathi nesonto Impi Yezwe Yesibili. Indawo ephawuleka kakhulu yi-Auschwitz, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi ikamu lokuqothula. Lapho, uFrank, ozakwabo kanye nabangane kwadingeka babhekane nezimo ezidabukisayo nezilulaza kakhulu umuntu ayengabhekana nazo.
Nsuku zonke, iziboshwa zaziyizisulu kanye nofakazi bokusebenza ngempoqo, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlukaniswa ngokwengqondo, ukungondleki, futhi, ekugcineni, nokufa. Esimeni senhlekelele enjalo, amadoda ayenezinketho ezimbili kuphela: aphendukela ethembeni futhi bathande ukuzakha kabusha ngaphakathi, noma uvumele amaqiniso awaguqule abe yiwo izidalwa eziziphatha kakhulu isilwane kunabantu.
Isakhiwo somsebenzi
Ukufuna Komuntu Injongo itholakele ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: isigaba sokuqala, sesibili nesesithathu. Kuzo ngayinye yazo, umbhali uzama ukuphendula elinye lamaphuzu ayinhloko encwadi., elihumusha kanje: “Ukuphila kwansuku zonke ekamu lokuhlushwa kuyithinta kanjani ingqondo nengqondo yesiboshwa esivamile?”
Isigaba sokuqala: Ukuvalelwa enkundleni
Konke kuqala endabeni yokuthi iziboshwa zaziqagela ukuthi zizoyiswa ziphi ikamu lokuhlushwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abavamile abakukholelwayo, labo ababencishwe inkululeko babevalelwe ezingxenyeni ezincane, hhayi emadolobheni amakhulu.
Amadoda ayesaba okubi kakhulu, nakuba Babeqiniseka ukuthi isiphetho sabo sokugcina sasiyoba esibi kakhulu: igumbi legesi. Umbhali uthi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo babecabanga nje ukubuyela emakhaya emindenini nakubangane babo.
Ngaleso sizathu, Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akekho owayesaba ukucabangela izimiso zokuziphatha noma zokuziphatha. Akekho owacela ukuzisola ngesikhathi ehlela ukuthi kungene esinye isiboshwa esikhundleni saso futhi sithole isiphetho esasilungiselwe omunye.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuqala, iziboshwa zazinethemba lokusindisa ozakwabo noma abangani nabo ababekuleso simo. Kodwa, Kancane kancane baqaphela ukuthi bangazama kuphela ukuvikela amabutho abo.
Isigaba sesibili: Impilo yasemaphandleni
Ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa okungaka, ukusebenza nqunu, nezicathulo njengokuphela kwenketho yezingubo, ukunganaki kwabonakala. Ngalesi sikhathi iziboshwa zazingenwe uhlobo oluthile lokufa, ukudlula kwemizwa yazo eyisisekelo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amadoda aphenduka izidalwa ezingenazwelo. Amagalelo aqhubekayo, ukungabi nangqondo okwakubusa izikhungo zokuhlushwa, ubuhlungu, ukungabi nabulungisa... kwathuntubeza onembeza babo nezinhliziyo zabo.
Izinga lokungondleki ababelethile laliphambene. Babevunyelwe ukudla kanye ngosuku., futhi kwakungekona ukudla okubalulekile, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ukulunywa ngakunye kwakucishe kube ihlaya elibi: kwakuwucezu lwesinkwa namanzi esobho, okwakungabasizi ukuba bahlale beqinile phakathi “nezinsuku zabo zokusebenza.”
Leso simo sabuye sehlisa isifiso sakhe sobulili. Lokhu akuzange kubonakale ngisho emaphusheni abo, ngoba ababengacabanga ngakho kwakuyindlela yokuphila.
Isigaba sesithathu: Ngemva kwenkululeko
Ejele, uViktor Frankl waphetha ngokuthi, ukusinda ekuhluphekeni okujule kangaka njengaleyo abavezwe kuyo kwakudingekile ukubala kunezici ezintathu ezibalulekile: uthando, inhloso kanye ongenakuguqulwa ukukholelwa mayelana nokuthi, uma ungakwazi ukushintsha isimo, udinga ukuzishintsha. Ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe, udokotela wengqondo waqala ukuhlaziya i-psychology yesiboshwa esasikhululiwe.
Lapho ifulegi elimhlophe ekugcineni liphakanyiswe ekungeneni kwe- amakamu okuhlushwa wonke umuntu wayelahlekile. Abazange bajabule ngoba babecabanga ukuthi leyo nkululeko yayiyiphupho elihle ababengavuka kulo noma yinini. Nokho, kancane kancane baphinde bajwayelana nesimo esithile esivamile. Ekuqaleni, abaningi baphendukela ekufundiseni ubudlova, kwaze kwaba yilapho bebona ukuthi akusekho ukwesaba.
Mayelana nombhali, uViktor Emil Frankl
UVictor Frankl
UViktor Emil Frankl wazalwa ngo-1905, eVienna, e-Austria. Wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda. Ngesikhathi esenyuvesi wazibandakanya namaqembu e-socialist, futhi waqala ukukhombisa intshisekelo kupsychology yabantu. Lolo thando lwamholela ekutheni ayofunda e-Faculty of Medicine eNyuvesi yaseVienna., lapho athola khona nochwepheshe ababili, owokugula ngengqondo nowesayensi yezinzwa. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu wasebenza e-Vienna General Hospital.
Wasebenza lapho kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1940. Kusukela kulowo nyaka odlule wasungula ihhovisi lakhe, ngesikhathi esifanayo eqondisa umnyango we-neurology esibhedlela saseRothschild. Nokho, kwakungeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ithuba lakhe lithathe ijika elingalindelekile: Ngo-1942, udokotela wadingiselwa ekamu lokuhlushwa laseTheresienstadt kanye nomkakhe nabazali bakhe. Ngo-1945, lapho enikezwa inkululeko okwase kuyisikhathi eside eyilindile, wathola ukuthi bonke abathandekayo bakhe bashonile.
Ezinye izincwadi zikaViktor Frankl
- UViktor Frankl, Ubukhona BukaNkulunkulu Obungaziwa. I-synthesis kanye namazwana (1943);
- I-Psychoanalysis kanye ne-existentialism (1946);
- Naphezu kwakho konke, yisho yebo ekuphileni (1948);
- Ithiyori kanye nokwelashwa kwama-neuroses: Isingeniso ku-logotherapy kanye nokuhlaziya okukhona (1956);
- Intando yencazelo: izinkulumo ezikhethiwe nge-logotherapy (1969);
- I-Psychotherapy kanye ne-Humanism (1978);
- I-Logotherapy kanye nokuhlaziya okukhona (1987);
- I-Psychotherapy ingafinyelelwa yiwo wonke umuntu: Izinkomfa zomsakazo ngokwelashwa ngemilingo (1989);
- Indoda ehluphekayo: Izisekelo ze-anthropological of psychotherapy 2 (1992);
- Ibhekene nokungabi khona okukhona (1994);
- Okungabhaliwe ezincwadini zami: izikhumbuzo (1997).