Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz (2012) yinoveli yomlando yombhali waseSpain nentatheli u-Antonio González Iturbe. Ilandisa ngomsebenzi owenziwa nguDita Adlerova, owathi, lapho eseneminyaka eyi-14, waba iqhawekazi lamasiko maphakathi nekamu lokuhlushwa lase-Auschwitz, ePoland.
Le ntombazane inikeze izingane izincwadi zebhlokhi 31 futhi yazakhela - ngokuyalelwa yinhloko yalowo mkhakha, uFredy Hirsch - isikhala esiyimfihlo sokufundisa. Ngakho-ke, limele indaba ehambayo yokumelana kwabantu ukunqoba ukwethuka kobuNazi. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sihloko sihunyushelwe ezilimini ezingama-31 futhi sathola imiklomelo ehlukahlukene yezwe neyamazwe omhlaba.
Sobre el autor
U-Antonio González Iturbe wazalelwa eZaragoza, eSpain, ngo-1967. Wachitha ubuntwana bakhe nobusha eBarcelona, lapho afunda khona i-Information Sciences. Ngaphambi kokuphothula iziqu ngo-1991, Usebenze emikhakheni ehlukahlukene: kusuka kubhaki kuya kumhlanganyeli wezintatheli kuthelevishini yendawo ukuzondla nokuqeda izifundo zakhe.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, ubesebenza njengomhleli nomhleli oyinhloko wamamagazini kanye nezincwadi eziphathelene nomkhakha wokubhala nobuciko. Ubuye wenza umsebenzi wokusabalalisa amasiko kuma-supplements ansuku zonke afana La Vanguardia. Namuhla, ungumqondisi walo magazini Ikhampasi yencwadingaphandle kokuba uthisha eNyuvesi yaseBarcelona nase-Autonomous University yaseMadrid.
Umsebenzi wezincwadi
Amanoveli amane, ama-eseyi amabili nezincwadi zezingane eziyishumi nesikhombisa (ezihlukaniswe kabili) ziyimithwalo yemibhalo ka-Antonio González Iturbe. Luhambo oluqale ngalo Kuqondile kusontekile (2004), inoveli yakhe yokuqala, athola ngayo ukuqashelwa okuthile. Noma, ngaphandle kokungabaza, umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu futhi nezinombolo zokuhlela ezihamba phambili kube Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz.
Isifinyezo se- Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz
Ekamu lokuhlushwa nokuqothulwa kwe Auschwitz, umJuda waseJalimane ogama lakhe linguFredy Hirsch, uqokwa ukuphatha imijondolo engu-31, lapho kunezingane khona. Ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa okucacile kwamaNazi, uHirsch njalo ngibe nesifiso sokwenza isikole esiyimfihlo. Ngokusobala, kwakungewona umsebenzi olula, ngoba imibhalo yezifundo, inkolo noma ezombusazwe zavinjelwa ngokuphelele.
Kamuva, uDita Adlerova omncane wafika ekamu lokuhlushwa, okwathi lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, wavuma ukusiza njengomtapo wolwazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impilo yansuku zonke kuleyo ndawo ebabazekayo iyoba yinhlekelele nakanjani. Njengoba isakhiwo siqhubeka, kukhulunywa izindaba ezimbi nezimbi. Kepha kwakukhona nendawo yothando (ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwesosha lamaNazi nowesifazane osemncane ongumJuda).
Umsebenzi wasemtatsheni wezincwadi
UDita uqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomtapo wolwazi unyaka wonke. Ngaleso sikhathi uzigcina efihlekile (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphakathi kwengubo yakhe) izincwadi eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela lapho, phakathi kwazo kukhona ababhali abanjengoHG Wells noma uFreud. Ngakho-ke, U-Adlerova unqoba ukwethuka ngokuzibophezela enkululekweni. Ngokunokwenzeka, umphathi wezincwadi osemncane wayengazi ukuthi uzophuma yini e-Auschwitz esaphila.
Noma kunjalo, lo protagonist osemncane usebenza ukuvikela umtapo wezincwadi omncane ngaphandle kokucabanga okuningi ngaye. Kamuva, ukudluliselwa kwakhe eBergen-Belsen - indawo efanayo lapho abulawa khona yi-typhus kwamenyezelwa U-Anne Frank- eJalimane. Kamuva, Ukufa kukaHirsch kwenzeka futhi uDita uhlangana noDkt. Mengele (odume ngokuzama amaJuda). Ekugcineni, wakhululwa lapho impi isizophela.
Ukubaluleka komsebenzi
Yize sekunesikhathi eside kwawa amaNazi ngo-1945, futhi umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu kusukela lapho, leyo nhlekelele yabantu isekhona. Okungukuthi, la Shoah, isisho esisho ukuthi "inhlekelele", Ayigcini nje ngokufanekisela inani elikhulu lokufa, kepha nokuphakanyiswa kobubi bomuntu. Ngalesi sizathu, imibhalo ngokujwayelekile ikwenzile kabusha okwenzekile ukugcina inkumbulo.
Eqinisweni, lapho uthatha indaba eyenzeka emakamu okuhlushwa, Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz uthumela umyalezo emphakathini: “khumbula”. Ngakho-ke, umbhali wayo umemezela ukuba semthethweni kwalolu daba olumele ubuhlungu obuphilayo ngisho naseYurophu naseNtshonalanga jikelele.
Ukuhlonipha izisulu nezincwadi
Mayelana nencazelo enikezwe kule noveli, isimilo sabo sobufakazi saziswa kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, kuye kwabonwa ekulandiseni kwakhe okungokoqobo ngokwenzeka emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, le ncwadi iwukuhlonipha izisulu kanye nokubuyekezwa kwamandla alabo abaphethwe ubuNazi.
Ngokwengeziwe, kuvela into ekhuthazayo ngokweqile -Kokubili kumbhali, ngokuqondene nabafundi--: Amandla ezincwadi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokwengxenye, uthando olumenyezelwe lwe-Iturbe ngemitapo yolwazi, ngoba ngale ndlela wathola indaba kaDita Kraus (igama lomshado lomlingiswa ophambili).
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-The Librarian of Auschwitz
Inoveli yomlando
Ukulandisa okungahluziwe nokuningiliziwe kufaka ezinye izindinyana eziqanjiwe, kepha yonke indaba isuselwa ngokuphelele ezenzakalweni zangempela.. Kulo mbhalo, umlingiswa oyinhloko unqoba umfundi ngesibindi sakhe futhi akwazi ukusinda. Njengamanje, uDita uhlala kwa-Israyeli, umfelokazi wombhali u-Otto Kraus (obeshade naye iminyaka engama-54).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inganekwane ekhona kule noveli yehliselwe enhlanganisweni yesikhashana noma yabalingiswa, kepha ayikho ingxenye eqanjiwe noma enehaba. Eqinisweni, cishe wonke amagama, izinsuku, izindawo, nezinkomba kunembile. Lesi sakamuva siqinisekiswe nguDita Kraus uqobo engxoxweni ngesikhathi ezwa ngesilinganiso esithengisa kakhulu asinikeze sona Amazon.
Izindikimba zenoveli
Encwadini yomlando emayelana neMpi Yezwe II (noma nganoma iyiphi impi eqhubeka isikhathi eside), ingqikithi yenhlekelele yabantu ivame ukuba maphakathi nesakhiwo. Kepha akunjalo Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz. Kunalokho ukugxila kuwela esigabeni lapho ukubonakaliswa kwesibindi okwenziwa ngabalingiswa abachaziwe kwenzeka khona.
Ingqikithi yobubi bomuntu iyahlukahluka, kepha izingqikithi i-Iturbe efuna ukuziphakamisa nokuxhumana ngazo zehlukile. Noma kunjalo, Lapho ubhekene nesihluku nokufa okungaka, ungadlula ngentando encomekayo. Kulo mongo, uFredy Hirsch ukwenziwa samuntu kwesibindi ngenkathi uDita efanekisela ukuzibophezela; womabili amele ithemba.
Ithemba nentando
Umtapo Wezincwadi wase-Auschwitz i-ode yezimfanelo zomuntu nezimfanelo ezikwazi ukuvela esimweni esibi kakhulu. Ngoba, ukukhuluma iqiniso, akukaze kube khona ukuphela okujabulisayo empini. Lezo zinhlobo zokuvalwa zinendawo kuphela kumabhayisikobho aseHollywood; impilo yangempela ingenye into.
Ngemuva kwempi enkulu kangaka, abasindile kuphela, abantu abasele dengwane, amanxiwa nobuhlungu okusalayo. Kunoma ikuphi, ofakazi bayohlala bekwazi ukuxwayisa izizukulwane ezizayo ukuvimbela izisulu nemicimbi ekuweleni ekukhohlweni ... Kuyindlela enhle yokuhlonipha abawile.