"Ukuphelelwa yithemba." Inkondlo edumisa i-macabre ne-grotesque

Kunezinkondlo ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba, njengokuduma kwezulu okuhamba kuyo yonke impilo yakho. Ukuphelelwa yithemba Ngenye yazo. Lo msebenzi, ngokwesiko nguJosé de Espronceda (Almendralejo, Mashi 25, 1808-Madrid, Meyi 23, 1842), kepha abanye ababhali bezazi kanye nezazi bathi UJuan Rico no-Amat (I-Elda, Alicante; Agasti 29, 1821-Madrid; Novemba 19, 1870), ingesinye sezibonelo ezinobuhlakani futhi ezihlukumeza kakhulu ubuRoma baseSpain.

Izici zothando olumnyama

Inkondlo ethi "Despair", ebhalwe nguJosé de Espronceda, iyingxenye yalokho okubizwa nge- "Dark Romanticism", a subgenre eyavela ngekhulu le-XNUMX nokuthi yayingachazi imibono ethembele kakhulu, kungaba ngomuntu, inkolo, noma imvelo. Asigcini nje ngokuba no-Espronceda njengesibonelo, kodwa kunabanye abaningi abanjengo-Edgar Allan Poe (mhlawumbe owaziwa kakhulu ngalolu hlobo), u-Emily Dickinson, noma singangenisa "izimbongi eziqalekisiwe" eziningi.

Phakathi kwezici zalolu hlobo lwemisebenzi yezincwadi, sithola okulandelayo:

Ukuzethemba okungekho ekupheleleni

Okwezothando ezimnyama, i- umuntu akaphelele, Futhi ngeke kube khona. Ngalesi sizathu, bonke abalingiswa bakhe bahlobene nesono, nokuzilimaza, nemikhuba emibi yokuphila. Kubo, umuntu uyisoni futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu babona impilo njengeqoqo lezimo nemisebenzi engaholeli ekupheleleni, kepha iye kolunye uhlangothi.

Banamathemba

Yize sikhuluma ngokuthandana, iqiniso ukuthi izinkondlo ezimnyama zothando azinathemba, zihlala zikhuluma kabi, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile, ngoba ziyaqonda ukuthi, noma ngabe into izanywa kangakanani, njalo uzokwehlulelwa.

Ngalo mqondo, zona kanye izimpilo zezimbongi nazo zinomthelela omkhulu ezinkondlweni.

Izwe limnyama

Hhayi ukudangala nje kuphela, kodwa okungaqondakali nokubi. Okubonwa ngamanye ama-romantics njengokuthile okungokomoya futhi okuhlobene nobunkulunkulu, impilo nokukhanya; bakubona njengokuphambene okuphelele. Ngendlela yokuthi kuma-romantics amnyama kuyindawo lapho umuntu ekhipha lonke uhlangothi lwakhe olubi kakhulu, futhi nemvelo uqobo lwayo, imvelo yayo, izishaya isifuba ngalokhu kubi, ikucwilise nakakhulu osizini lwayo.

Ukuphelelwa yithemba

Ukuphelelwa yithemba iyi-ode eya ku-macabre, esabekayo, nengabazekayo ngokuziphatha. Ngalo mqondo, isikhumbuza izindaba ezifana Ikati elimnyama, ngu-Edgar Allan Poe (“Asinakho ukuthambekela okuqhubekayo, naphezu kokwahlulela kwethu okuhle, kokwephula lokho umthetho oyikho, ngoba nje siqonda ukuthi umthetho? Umthetho? »), Ukuthi yize kuyindaba, kodwa ihlanganyela ngokuyisisekelo umoya, kanye nomlingiswa osontekile wenkondlo.

Amavesi akhe anezinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa ahlekisayo asenza sizibuze ukuthi ngabe umlingiswa ophambili uthanda kakhulu izinto ezimbi akhuluma ngazo, noma ukuthi ukuzijabulela kungumphumela wempilo ayiholile. Yonke into inkulu futhi iyesabeka kule nkondlo, engashiyi ngisho inhlansi yethemba. Olayini bayo bahlanganisa amathuna, izinhlekelele futhi, ngamafuphi, bonke ubumnyama nobumnandi obunecala umuntu angabuthokozela. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, okubamba lo msebenzi ukuphakanyiswa kwawo okunamandla kobumnyama, ubuhlanya, nakho konke okwenqatshwayo umphakathi.

Ungayifunda ngezansi:

Ngithanda ukubona isibhakabhaka
ngamafu amnyama
futhi uzwe ama-niches
ukuhewula okuthusayo,
Ngithanda ukubona ubusuku
ngaphandle kwenyanga nezinkanyezi,
nezinhlansi kuphela
umhlaba uyakhanyisa.

Ngithanda amathuna
ezifile ezifakiwe kahle,
igazi eligelezayo nosilika
evimbela ukuphefumula,
futhi lapho kukhona umethuna
ngokubukeka okumnyama
ngesandla esinonya
izingebhezi zichoboza.

Ngijabule ukubona ibhomu
uwe mnene ezulwini,
futhi kunganyakazi phansi,
akukho ntambo ngokusobala,
bese edinwa
eqhuma leyo inyakaze
futhi lahla inhlanzeko eyinkulungwane
futhi bafile yonke indawo.

Sengathi ukuduma kungangivusa
ngezikhukhula zalo,
nezwe lilele
kukwethuse,
yini isihogo njalo
uwe phezu kwakhe ngaphandle kokubala,
ake kucwile umkhathi
Ngithanda kakhulu ukubona.

Ilangabi lomlilo
ake agijime ashwabadele
futhi ukustaka okufile
Ngingathanda ukuvula;
ukosa ikhehla lapho,
yiba yitiye lonke,
uzwe ukuthi likhuluma kanjani,
Yeka injabulo!

Ngithanda indawo esemaphandleni
iqhwa eliphakanyisiwe,
zezimbali ezihlutshiwe,
ngaphandle kwezithelo, ngaphandle kobuhlaza,
azikho izinyoni eziculayo,
alikho ilanga elikhanyayo
futhi ukubona kuphela
ukufa nxazonke.

Lapho, entabeni emnyama,
amandla elanga aqaqiwe,
Ngijabule kakhulu
inyanga lapho ibonakalisa,
hambisa amaveni
ngokuklabalasa okunzima
okulingana nokumemeza
ememezela ukuphela kwesikhathi.

Ngiyakuthanda lokho esihogweni
thwala abafayo
futhi lapho bonke ububi
ubenze bahlupheke;
vula izibilini zabo,
udabule imisipha yabo,
phula izinhliziyo
ngaphandle kwabo icala okufanele lwenziwe.

Indlela engajwayelekile
lokho kukhukhula i-vega evundile,
kusukela phezulu kuya phezulu kuza,
futhi ishanela yonke indawo;
uthatha izinkomo
nemivini ngaphandle kokuphumula,
nezinkulungwane zidala udlame,
Yeka injabulo!

Amazwi nokuhleka
umdlalo, amabhodlela,
ezungeze ubuhle
ngiyajabula ukushesha;
nasemilonyeni yabo yenkanuko,
ngokuthopha okukhulu,
ukuqabula esiphuzweni ngasinye
isitembu esijabulisayo.

Bese uphula izingilazi
amapuleti, amatafula,
bese uvula imimese,
ucwaninga inhliziyo;
bese uzwa ama-toast
exutshwe nokububula
ukuthi abalimele baphonse
ngezinyembezi nokudideka.

Ngiyajabula ukuzwa eyodwa
khalani iwayini,
ngenkathi umakhelwane wakho
iwela ekhoneni;
nokuthi abanye sebedakiwe,
ku-trill engavamile,
baculela unkulunkulu obhandishiwe
iculo elingaqondakali.

Ngiyazithanda izithandwa
elele emibhedeni,
awekho amatshali emabeleni
uthukulule ibhande,
ekhombisa izintelezi zakhe,
ngaphandle koku-oda izinwele,
emoyeni ithanga elihle ...
Yeka injabulo! Yeka inkohliso!

Ezinye izinkondlo ze-macabre kufanele wazi

U-Espronceda akayona yedwa imbongi eyabhala izinkondlo ezibabazekayo. Kunezimbongi eziningi, ezaziwayo nezingaziwa, kwesinye isikhathi empilweni yazo esezibhale izinkondlo ezimnyama. Baziwa kahle yilabo abathanda i-gothic, sifuna ukukushiya lapha abanye izibonelo ezithe xaxa zalolu hlobo lwe-subgenre.

Zonke zinezici eziningi esesizibalile phambilini, futhi ziyizibonelo ezinhle ongazicabangela.

"Umngcwabo KaDeveli" (UMary Coleridge)

Abantu abalungile, uDeveli ufile!

Bangobani abathwali abafaka iveli?

Omunye wabo ucabanga ukuthi naye wabulala uNkulunkulu

ngenkemba efanayo naleyo uSathane ayibulala.

Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi usindise impilo kaNkulunkulu;

uDeveli wayehlale enguNkulunkulu wezingxabano.

Ingubo ebubende yandlala phezu kwakhe!

Inkosi elele ifile.

Amakhosi amabi kakhulu awakaze abuse

kanye nale nkosi enhle kakhulu yesihogo.

Uyini umvuzo wokuhlupheka kwakho?

Naye uqobo ufile, kepha isihogo sisekhona.

Wayekhanda ibhokisi lakhe ngaphambi kokuba ashone.

Yenziwe ngegolide, iphindwe kasikhombisa,

ngamazwi ahlabayo alabo

oqhoshe ngokuthi umshiyile.

Uzoyingcwaba kuphi? Hhayi emhlabeni!

Ezimbali ezinoshevu wayezozalwa kabusha.

Hhayi olwandle.

Imimoya namagagasi yayizoyikhulula.

Mlalise emgodini wokungcwaba.

Impilo yakhe yonke uyiphile emlilweni.

Futhi njengoba amalangabi enyukela esibhakabhakeni,

USathane waba yingelosi yokukhanya,

ukwenza kangcono lo msebenzi

lapho ayehlala khona elwa ngenkathi ehlala ngezansi.

"Umdanso wamadoda alengisiwe" (Arthur Rimbaud)

Umdanso wokulengiswa

Amavesi amahle kakhulu wezimbongi eziqalekisiwe 1

Emgodini omnyama bayadansa, banomuntu ohlomile,

umdanso wama-paladins,

abadansi benyama kabusathane;

badansa lowo mdanso ongapheli

amathambo kaSaladin.

UMonsignor Belzebú udonsa uthayi

opopayi babo abamnyama, ababelethisela isibhakabhaka,

nangokubanika isicathulo esihle esiphongweni

kubaphoqa ukuthi badansele isigqi sikaKhisimusi Carol!

Bemangele, onodoli babamba izingalo zabo ezinhle:

njengesitho esimnyama, amabele agwazwe,

ukuthi lapho amantombazane amnene amukela,

Baxubha futhi bashayane, othandweni olubi.

Shesha! Abadansi abajabulayo abalahlekelwe yisisu sakho,

hlanganisa imigilingwane yakho ngoba i-tablao ibanzi,

Kwangathi bangazi, ngoNkulunkulu, uma kungumdanso noma yimpi!

Ethukuthele kakhulu, uBelzebule ubamba izingcingo zakhe!

Izithende ezinzima; imbadada yakho ayipheli!

Bonke bakhumulile ingubo yabo yoboya:

okusalayo akusabisi futhi kubonakala ngaphandle kwehlazo.

Okhakhayini lwabo, iqhwa lifake ikepisi elimhlophe.

Igwababa lingaphezulu kwala makhanda aphukile;

kulenga imvuthuluka yenyama kwibhali yakhe enesikhumba:

Zibonakala, lapho ziphenduka ngeziqubu ezimnyama

ama-paladin aqinile, anezicingo zamakhadibhodi.

Hawu, vumela umoya ushaye ikhwela emthanjeni wamathambo!

Futhi isigxobo esimnyama sifutha njengesitho sensimbi!

nezimpisi ziphendula zivela emahlathini ansomi:

bomvu, emkhathizwe, izulu liyisihogo ...

Ngishaqise kulaba kaputeni be-funereal

lelo reel, ladinos, ngeminwe ende ephukile,

i-rosari yothando lwama-vertebrae akhe aphaphathekile:

Silahlekile, asikho lapha esigodlweni sezindela!

Futhi ngokungazelelwe, enkabeni yalo mdanso we-macabre

gxumela esibhakabhakeni esibomvu, uhlanya, amathambo amakhulu,

ithwalwa ngumfutho, njengemuva lomgogodla

futhi, ngizwa ukuthi intambo isamile entanyeni yami,

ushwiba iminwe yakhe emifishane ebhekene nesifazana esishwabanayo

ngokukhala okukhumbula ukuhleka okubi,

nokuthi ugange lwentaba lushukuma kanjani edokodweni lakhe,

uphinde aqale umdanso wakhe kuzwakale amathambo.

Emgodini omnyama bayadansa, banomuntu ohlomile,

umdanso wama-paladins,

abadansi benyama kabusathane;

badansa lowo mdanso ongapheli

amathambo kaSaladin.

"Ukuzisola" (uCharles Baudelaire)

Lapho ulele, ubuhle bami obumnyama,

ezansi ethuneni elenziwe ngemabula emnyama,

nalapho unegumbi lokulala nokuhlala kuphela

i-pantheon emanzi nethuna le-concave;

lapho itshe, ukucwila esifubeni sakho scary

futhi isibilini sakho sikhululeke ngokunganaki okumnandi,

gcina inhliziyo yakho ingashayi futhi inxanele,

nokuthi izinyawo zakho zihamba nomsebenzi wakho onobungozi,

ithuna, isifuba sephupho lami elingapheli

(ngoba ithuna lizohlala liyiqonda imbongi),

ngalobo busuku obude lapho ubuthongo bungekho emthethweni,

Uzothi kuwe: «Kukusizani, wena muntu ongaphelele,

ungakaze wazi ukuthi abafileyo bakhala ini? ».

"Futhi isibungu sizokuququda esikhunjeni sakho njengokuzisola."

"Kuhlukanisiwe" (Marcelone Desbordes-Valmore)

Ungangibhaleli. Ngidabukile, ngifisa ukufa.

Ihlobo ngaphandle kwakho lifana nobusuku obumnyama.

Ngivale izingalo zami, azikwazi ukukugona,

Ukunxusa inhliziyo yami ukuncenga ithuna.

Ungangibhaleli!

Ungangibhaleli. Ake sifunde ukufa kithi uqobo.

Buza uNkulunkulu kuphela… wena wedwa, ukuthi Wakuthanda kanjani!

Ukusuka ekungabikho kwakho okujulile, ukuzwa ukuthi uyangithanda

Kufana nokuzwa isibhakabhaka ungakwazanga ukufinyelela kuso.

Ungangibhaleli!

Ungangibhaleli. Ngiyakwesaba futhi ngiyazesaba izinkumbulo zami;

baligcinile izwi lakho, elingibiza njalo.

Ungakhombisi amanzi aphilayo ongakwazi ukuwaphuza.

I-calligraphy ethandekayo isithombe esiphilayo.

Ungangibhaleli!

Ungangibhaleli imiyalezo emnandi: Anginakulokotha ngiyifunde:

kubukeka sengathi izwi lakho, enhliziyweni yami, liyawathela;

Ngiyazibona zikhanya ngokumamatheka kwakho;

sengathi ukwanga, enhliziyweni yami, kuyazinyathela.

Ungangibhaleli!