Agcwalisekile namuhla, ngoFebhuwari 26, Iminyaka engama-216 selokhu kwazalwa uVictor Hugo. Wazalelwa eBesançon futhi wayebuye abe yimbongi nombhali wemidlalo yokudlala kanjalo nombhali wamanoveli. Kubhekwa njenge- omele kakhulu iRoma Romanticism. Wayengusombusazwe futhi ezinikele kakhulu futhi enethonya emlandweni wezwe lakhe nasezincwadini zekhulu le-XNUMX.
Namuhla, kwimemori yakhe, ngikhetha ezinye imishwana ngomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, ikakhulukazi lowo esimazi kangcono, Abadabukisayo. Kepha ngiphinde ngikhethe amasampula akhe izinkondlo, ukuthi impela sifunde okuncane.
Kancane kukaVictor Hugo
Futhi mhlawumbe bambalwa abaziyo ukuthi uVictor Hugo wayehlala Madrid, enkabeni yeCalle del Clavel, ngesikhathi esengumntwana, njengoba kudluliswa ubaba wakhe, oyisosha, owayeqokwe njengomkhuzi omkhulu.
Ngo-1815 wahlala EParis ngomqondo osuvele ucacile wokuzinikela ezincwadini. Kwakungu- umfundi omuhle kakhulu futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-15 wanikezwa i-French Academy ngomsebenzi womculo. Lokhu bekuyisandulela sencwadi yakhe yokuqala enkulu yezinkondlo, Odes kanye nezinkondlo ezahlukahlukene. Ngo-1822 washada u-adele foucher, enezingane ezinhlanu naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena nabafowabo nabo bangababhali, wasungula lo magazini I-Le Conservateur Litteraire. Kwakuyiminyaka yokukhiqizwa kwemibhalo emikhulu ngeziqu ezinjenge Cromwell, UMama wethu waseParis (waziwa ngo IHunchback yeNotre Dame) noma Inkosi iyazijabulisa.
Isebenza kakhulu kwezepolitiki, UVictor Hugo waqokwa by waseFrance ngo-1845. Izinkulumo zakhe ku usizi nezinye izikhalazo zomphakathi nezepolitiki bamholela ekutheni ahlukane neConservative Party. Ngo-1851 wasola izifiso zobushiqela zikaNapoleon III kwathi, ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa kombuso, wabaleka eFrance. Ngonyaka olandelayo yena nomndeni wakhe baya eJersey e-United Kingdom, kwathi ngo-1856 wathuthela khona Guernesey.
Kusukela ekudingisweni kweminyaka engamashumi amabili kwazalwa Izijeziso, trilogy ka Ukuphela kukaSathane, UNkulunkulu y Inganekwane yamakhulu eminyaka, kanye noveli yakhe edume kakhulu, Abadabukisayo. Emuva eFrance, ngemuva kokuwa kukaNapoleon III, uVictor Hugo wamenyezelwa obala futhi wakhethwa njengephini. Ushonele eParis ngeminyaka engama-83, ngokugcwele amakhono akhe, ene- umsebenzi namathonya ahlukile, okwamenza waba ngumlingiswa oyisifanekiselo owahlonishwa yiRiphabhlikhi Yesithathu ngomngcwabo wombuso.
(c) mmartinez. Kusuka eLa Vanguardia.
Izilinganiso ze- Abadabukisayo
- Umthetho ongcwele kaJesu Krestu ulawula impucuko yethu; kepha awungeni kuwo okwamanje. Ubugqila kuthiwa bunyamalale empucukweni yaseYurophu, futhi kuyiphutha. Kusekhona namanje; kuphela ukuthi akusenasisindo kowesifazane, futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuthengisa ngomzimba.
- Ubulungiswa bokuqala ngunembeza.
- Uthando luyingxenye yomphefumulo uqobo, luhlobo olufanayo naye, luyinhlansi yaphezulu; njengaye, akanakonakala, akahlukaniswa, akaboli. Kuyinhlayiya yomlilo engaphakathi kithi, engafiyo kuze kube phakade, okungekho lutho olungayikhawulela, noma luyinciphise.
- Lokho okushiwoyo ngamadoda, iqiniso noma amanga, kuthatha indawo eningi ekugcineni kwabo, futhi ikakhulukazi ezimpilweni zabo, njengalokho abakwenzayo.
- Emhlabeni akukho okubaluleke ngaphezu kothando.
- Cha, ukuba nothando akukulahli ukukhanya. Abukho ubumpumputhe lapho kukhona uthando.
- Ukukhululwa akuyona inkululeko. Ijele seliphelile, kepha alijeziswa.
- Ungabuzi amagama alabo abacela ukukhoseliswa. Nguyena impela umuntu odinga kakhulu ukukhoseliswa onenkinga enkulu yokusho igama lakhe.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezidalwa emhlabeni ezithuthumela kakhulu: umama othola indodana yakhe elahlekile, nengwe ethola isisulu sayo.
- Labo abahlupheka ngoba uthanda, bathanda kakhulu. Ukufa ngothando wukuphila.
- Injabulo enkulu yokuphila ukuqiniseka ukuthi siyathandwa, siyathandwa ngathi; kunalokho sithandwa naphezu kwethu.
- Amandla amakhulu kunayo yonke inhliziyo engenacala.
- Lapho uthando lujabulisayo liletha umphefumulo ebumnandi nasekulungeni.
- Uthando lufana nomuthi: ligoba ngaphansi kwesisindo salo, luthatha izimpande ngokujulile ebuntwini bethu bonke futhi kwesinye isikhathi luqhubeka luhlaza emanxiweni enhliziyo.
- Uthando ukukhohlwa okuvutha konke.
Izinkondlo ezintathu
Lapho ekugcineni imiphefumulo emibili ihlangana
Lapho ekugcineni imiphefumulo emibili ihlangana,
Ngubani osekuyisikhathi eside efuna omunye esixukwini,
Lapho bebona ukuthi bangabashadikazi,
Lokho kuyaqondakala futhi kuyahambelana,
Ngamafuphi, ziyefana,
bese kuvela ubumbano oluvuthayo nolumsulwa njengabo,
inyunyana eqala emhlabeni ihlale ezulwini.
Lobo bumbano luthando
uthando lwangempela, njengoba bambalwa kakhulu abantu abangakhulelwa ngokweqiniso,
uthando oluyinkolo,
Lokho kwenza umuntu othandekayo impilo yakhe ivele
Wentshiseko nentshisekelo nokuthi ngubani owenzela imihlatshelo
Inkulu injabulo enkulu kunazo zonke.
Kumuntu wesifazane
Ntombazane, ukube bengiyinkosi bengizonikela ngombuso wami,
isihlalo sami sobukhosi, intonga yami yobukhosi nabantu bami abaguqa ngamadolo,
umqhele wami wegolide, amachibi ami e-porphyry,
kanye nemikhumbi yami, olwandle olungeke lwanele,
ukubukeka okuvela kuwe.
Uma benginguNkulunkulu, umhlaba namagagasi,
izingelosi, amadimoni athobela umthetho wami.
Futhi isiphithiphithi esijulile semibungu ejulile,
ingunaphakade, isikhala, amazulu, imihlaba
Nginganikela ngokwanga kuwe!
Owesifazane owile
Ungalokothi uthuke owesifazane owile!
Akekho owaziyo ukuthi isisindo sakhe simsindisile
nokuthi zingaki izingqinamba azikhuthazelela empilweni,
Yaze yawa ekugcineni!
Ngubani ongakaze abone abesifazane abaphefumulayo
bambelela ngobuhle ebuhleni,
futhi umelane nomoya onamandla ovela kokubi
ngesimo sengqondo sokuthula?
Ukudonsa kwamanzi kulenga egatsheni
ukuthi umoya uyazamazama futhi ukwenze uthuthumela;
Pearl ukuthi indebe yembali iyachitha,
futhi lokho kungudaka lapho kuwa!
Kodwa nokho i-pilgrim drop ingakwazi
ukuhlanzeka kwayo okulahlekile ukuphinde
futhi avuke othulini, ngekristalu,
nangaphambi kokukhanya.
Vumela owesifazane owile athande,
shiya uthuli ukushisa kwalo okubalulekile,
ngoba yonke into ilulama impilo entsha
ngokukhanya nothando.