Uke wezwa ngo-Olga Tokarczuk? Lo mbhali owine uNobel akaziwa eSpain. Kodwa-ke, selokhu athola iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-2018, abamemezeli sebemqaphelile. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izincwadi azibhalile esezifikile eSpain okwamanje, futhi kufanele sikhokhele isampula yepeni lakhe, okushiya bonke abafundi befuna okwengeziwe.
Uma ufuna yazi u-Olga Tokarczuk eduze kancane, ukwazi ukuthi ungubani, ubhala kanjani nezincwadi ongazithola ngomlobi, ungaphuthelwa yilo mbhalo lapho siqoqe khona yonke imininingwane etholakalayo ngombhali.
Olga Tokarczuk uyaba ubani
Okokuqala, kufanele wazi kancane u-Olga Tokarczuk. Lo mbhali nombhali wezindaba uvela ePoland. Ipeni lakhe alincikile impela kumanoveli, kepha futhi wenze ukuzivumelanisa nezinkundla, izinkondlo ngisho nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Wazalelwa ePoland, ikakhulukazi eSulechadow, e1962 futhi bobabili ubuntwana bakhe nobusha bakhe bachitha eKietrz, idolobha lasemaphandleni elikumngcele weCzechoslovakia (ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyindawo leyo). Izifundo zakhe bezingahlobene nezincwadi, kepha kunalokho wafundela ukusebenza kwengqondo e-University of Warsaw. Eqinisweni, ngenkathi efunda, ubesebenza emitholampilo ehlukahlukene yezengqondo, umsebenzi awugcina ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu.
Noma kunjalo, yini kuhlanganiswe nezincwadi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi wayenobudlelwano bokuqashwa obuzinzile, washicilela amanoveli akhe. Kuze kube yilapho izincwadi zakhe zimnika ukuthandwa kangako ukuthi angakwenza ngaphandle komsebenzi ukuze azinikele kuphela emibhalweni. Njengamanje, uhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwezincwadi zakhe kanye nokubanjwa kwama-workshops nezifundo (ubathatha eJangiellonian University of Krakow).
La Indaba yokuqala ka-Olga Tokarczuk yethulwa ngo-1979 kumagazini i-Na przelaj, izilaleli zentsha. Kodwa-ke, akazange akwenze ngegama lakhe langempela, kepha kunalokho wafuna igama-mbumbulu, futhi wasayina njengoNasza Borodin.
Kuthathe iminyaka eminingana ukuthi, ngo-1993, akhiphe inoveli yakhe yokuqala, i-The Journey of the Book Men, indaba athola ngayo uMklomelo wePolish Association of Book Publishers. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washicilela i-EE, inoveli yohlobo olungaphezu kwemvelo. Ngo-1996, inoveli yakhe yesithathu, Endaweni ebizwa izolo, yathola indondo yakhe yesibili, iNike Literary Award Audience Award. Kusukela kulokhu, u-Olga Tokarczuk waqala ukushicilela cishe minyaka yonke, ephakanyiswa noma ewina imiklomelo eminingana ngezindaba zakhe. Kepha okubaluleke kunakho konke kuye kwafika ngo-2019, lapho kwamenyezelwa khona ukuthi u-Olga Tokarczuk nguyena owanqoba i-2018 Nobel Prize in Literature (kwamenyezelwa ngemuva konyaka ngenxa yezinkinga zangaphakathi enhlanganweni).
Ipeni lakhe
Labo abafunde umsebenzi wakhe, hhayi izincwadi zesiSpanish kuphela, kodwa nezinye izincwadi zakhe eziningi, bacabanga ngoTokarczuk ukuthi ungumbhali isitayela semibhalo nemicabango 'yasekuqaleni,' Akuhlangene nabanye ababhali. Ezincwadini zakhe uyakwazi ukuchaza abalingiswa hhayi ngokwasemzimbeni kuphela, kodwa nangokwengqondo, ebasondeza ngendlela ebukeka ibaheha ukubethula ngamandla nobuthakathaka babo kubafundi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukungezwani okususelwa kokuphikisanayo: imvelo kuqhathaniswa namasiko, isizathu kuqhathaniswa nobuhlanya ...
Ngamazwi ombhali uqobo, "Ngilandisa ngendlela ekhululekile ukuthi, ngiyethemba, izokhuthaza umfundi." Futhi ngukuthi lokho u-Olga Tokarczuk anethemba akukhona ukujabulisa umfundi, kodwa ukumnika isisekelo ukuze yena uqobo acabangisise ngalokho okukhuliswe kumanoveli.
Izincwadi zika-Olga Tokarczuk
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, eSpain akuzona zonke izincwadi zalo mbhali ezingahunyushwa. Empeleni, kukhona okumbalwa okuhunyushiwe, kepha empeleni u-Olga Tokarczuk uzala ngokwamanoveli nezindaba. Uhla lwazo zonke izincwadi zakhe lumi kanje:
- Idolobha ezibukweni (Miasto w lustrach) (1989) - izinkondlo.
- Uhambo lwamadoda eNcwadi (Podróż ludzi Księgi) (1993).
- I-EE (1995)
- Indawo ebizwa ngezolo (Prawiek i unnecessary czasy), (1996).
- Ikhabethe (Szafa), 1997.
- Indlu yasemini, indlu yasebusuku (Dom dzienny, dom nocny), 1998.
- Izindaba ZikaKhisimusi (Opowieści wigilijne) (2000) - kanye noJerzy Pilch no-Andrzej Stasiuk.
- Unodoli neparele (Lalka i perła) (2000).
- Ikhonsathi yemigqomo ehlukahlukene (Gra na wielu bębenkach), 2001.
- Izindaba Zokugcina (umlando ka-Ostatnie), 2004.
- U-Anna Emathuneni omhlaba (Anna In w grobowcach świata) (2006).
- ILos errantes (Bieguni) (2007) - Inoveli yokuwina yeNike Literary Award ka-2008.
- Emathanjeni abafileyo (Prowadź swój pług przez kości umarłych) (2009).
- Isikhathi sebhere (Moment niedźwiedzia) (2012), ama-eseyi andulelwa yisandulela sikaKinga Dunin.
- Izincwadi zikaJacob (Księgi Jakubowe) (2014), onqobayo kumanoveli omlando weNike Literary Award ka-2015.
- Umphefumulo olahlekile (Zgubiona dusza), 2017.
- Izinganekwane eziyinqaba (Opowiadania bizarne). UKrakow, Ukushicilelwa Kwezincwadi, 2018.
Kuzo zonke, lezo ongazithola eSpain ngeSpanishi yilezi ezilandelayo:
Emathanjeni abafileyo
Kusuka ohlotsheni olujabulisayo, hlanganisa indaba egcwele imfihlakalo namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Kuyo une-protagonist owesifazane osekhulile, ohlala yedwa edolobheni elincane futhi ofundisa isiNgisi esikoleni esincane. Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa komakhelwane ovela ngethambo lenyamazane kunamathele emphinjeni kumenza abe nentshisekelo kuleli cala futhi akholelwe ukuthi angakuthola okwenzekayo.
Kodwa-ke amaphoyisa, kanjalo nomakhelwane bakhe, bambona "njengesalukazi esile" kanti kuzofanele athathe izinyathelo ukuze aholele ekuxazululeni icala.
Umphefumulo olahlekile
Kuyinto a incwadi enezithombe lapho, ngemifanekiso eheha ukunakekelwa, umbhali enikeza izindaba ezimfishane, izindaba ezinokuziphatha (kwesinye isikhathi okunzima ukuziqonda), kanye nokuzindla okuzokwenza uzibuze ukuthi ngabe impilo oyiphilayo iyona ngempela yini ekujabulisa ngempela.
IWanderers
Kule ncwadi ka-Olga Tokarczuk uzothola umhlaba ohlukile, empeleni eziningana. Kanye nabalingiswa abakhulu; uzoba nendoda elahlekelwe ngumfazi wayo nendodana, i-taxidermist noma owesifazane ofuna ukuphinda abone uthando lwakhe lokuqala. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinkomba zezinye izinhlamvu.
Labo abayifundile bathi umbhali ongcono kunabo bonke.
I-Olga Tokarczuk: Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi yiNdala
Incwadi yokugcina ka-Olga Tokarczuk ongayithola ngeSpanish yile, Indawo ebizwa nge-Antaño. Sitshele umlando wedolobha kanye nabahlali abahlala kulo. Izimpi, ubungani, udlame, ukukhaphela nokuhamba kwesikhathi kwenza abalingiswa abaphambili baguquke, bashintshe futhi benze umfundi azi ngalezi zinqubo, kanye nemizwa elawula izimpilo zabantu.