Isithombe: Maria Montesinos. Iwebhusayithi yombhali.
UMaria Montesinos inenoveli entsha ebizwa ngokuthi isinqumo esingenakugwenywa. Kulokhu ingxoxo Usitshela ngaye nokunye okuningi. Ngiyabonga isikhathi sakho esiningi nomusa wokungisiza.
UMaria Montesinos - Ingxoxo
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Incwadi yakho yakamuva inesihloko isinqumo esingenakugwenywa. Usitshelani ngakho futhi umqondo uvelaphi?
UMARIA INTABASNGIYAZIS: Umbono wale noveli yavela eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ngesikhathi sohambo oluya ezimayini zaseRiotinto, eHuelva. Ngivakashele umnyuziyamu wezimayini lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi amadiphozithi axhashazwa kanjani kanye nezimo okwenziwa kuzo; Ngagibela ujantshi wezimayini omdala ohambisana nomfula iRiotinto, ubomvu njengegazi, omzila wawo wawuphelela ethekwini laseHuelva, futhi ngahamba ezindleleni ezazikade ziyidolobha. eyayiyikoloni laseBrithani lapho kwakuhlala khona abasebenzi beNkampani yaseRio Tinto, umnikazi wezimayini phakathi I-1873 ne-1954. Umbuso waseSpain, owawudinga imali ngaleso sikhathi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, wawuthengise umhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba lapho izimayini zethusi ezicebile zaseHuelva zazitholakala enkampanini yaseBrithani.
Yo bengingazi leyondaba, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukuthi kwakunekoloni laseBrithani lapho ezakhiwe ngomfanekiso nangokufana nokuphila kwazo e-United Kingdom—nezindlu ezincane noma amakotishi, iklabhu yamaNgisi, inkundla yethenisi—. Njengakwamanye amakoloni ababenawo emhlabeni wonke, amaNgisi babehlala befulathele izakhamizi besuka ezimayini zaseRiotinto nakwamanye amadolobha azungezile, bazivalela bona kanye namasiko abo aqinile aseVictoria, behlukanisiwe nabantu bakuleyo ndawo—“abomdabu” ababebadelela—ngezindonga ezazizungeze leli koloni.
Njengoba ngizungeza kuleyo ndawo, ngaqala ukuzibuza ngabe banjani labo bantu, ngabe injani impilo yabo lapho, ukuthi ubuhlobo bakhe nabantu bendawo babuyoba njani, futhi ngacabanga ukuthi kwakunendaba emnandi lapho. Yayinazo zonke izithako: indawo edabukile, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwenkampani enamandla i-Rio Tinto kanye nabasebenzi basezimayini, inkinga yokungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa intuthu evela emisebenzini yezimayini eyathinta kakhulu izakhamuzi zasezigodini, kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kwamasiko amabili. ., izindlela ezimbili zokuqonda umhlaba.
Nokho, Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangingakazinikele ekubhaleni, futhi angizange ngizizwe ngikulungele ukubhekana nencwadi yenkathi ethile, yokubuyiselwa kobukhosi, engangingayazi ngaleso sikhathi. Kwaba iminyaka eminingana kanye namanoveli ambalwa kamuva lapho ngacabanga ukuthi isikhathi sakhe sase sifikile futhi wayengayixoxa leyo ndaba ayenayo ekhanda lakhe.
Le noveli isethwe phakathi kuka-1887 no-1888., idethi eyingozi e-Riotinto, ngoba eyokuqala ukubonakaliswa yabantu bendawo ngokumelene nokungcoliswa kwe intuthu eyisibabule, eyadutshulwa ibutho lezempi.
- U-AL: Uyakhumbula noma yikuphi ukufunda kwakho kokuqala? Futhi indaba yokuqala oyibhalile?
MM: Yebo kunjalo. Bengingumfundi omuhle kusukela ngisemncane. Izinkumbulo zami zokuqala engizifundayo zingezalawo ma-fascicles amanoveli anemifanekiso avela endlini yokushicilela yaseBruguera: Ivanhoe, nguWalter Scott; UMichael Strogoff, uJules Verne; inkosana nompofu, nguDickens… Ngahamba nobaba saya e-Rastro de Madrid futhi ngazithengela yona.
Nginenkumbulo ecacile yokudla kwami kwangemva kwesikole, ngihlezi etafuleni lasekhishini ngiphethe isemishi esandleni futhi ngifunda i-fascicle evulekile yama-vignettes phambi kwami. Ngabe sengingumfundi omuhle wawo wonke amaqoqo entsha yangaleso sikhathi, Abahlanu, AbakwaHollisters, njll, futhi kusukela lapho ngaqhubekela kunoma yisiphi isihloko esangikhanga emtatsheni wezincwadi waseLas Rozas, lapho sasihlala khona. Ngafunda konke, ngakuthanda. Ngathatha umbhali futhi uma ngimthanda, ngashwabadela zonke izincwadi zakhe: Ngiyakhumbula Pearl S Buck, Agatha Christie, noma ababhali be 50s-60s inoveli yothando ukuthi ugogo wayenabo emtatsheni wezincwadi wakhe njengodade Linares Becerra (Luisa and Concha) noma UMaria Teresa Sese.
La indaba yokuqala ngabhala Kuthe lapho ngineminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu Inoveli Yentsha engazifaka emqhudelwaneni wezincwadi edolobheni lakithi, engingazange ngiwunqobe. Ngiyigcina ekhaya futhi uma ngiphinda ngiyifunda ngizwa ingxube yesisa namahloni.
- AL: Umbhali oyinhloko? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.
MM: Ngempela, angiyena kakhulu umbhali "oyinhloko" onganyakazi. Izintandokazi zami bezilokhu zishintsha ngokuya ngezigaba zempilo yami kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kokufunda, ngiyacabanga. Kunesikhathi lapho ngangithanda khona sigrid undset, UMilan Kundera, uJavier Marias, uSoledad Puertolas, uJosefa Saramago… Bekulokhu kukhona kakhulu UCarmen Martin Gaite, engicabanga ukuthi ngifunde yonke into ngayo, kuhlanganise namadayari abo (ngiyalutha idayari yababhali). Njengamanje, izinkomba zami zishintsha kakhulu. Ngiyabathanda kakhulu Edith Wharton, Elizabeth Strout, Siri Husvedt, kokubili ukulandisa kwakhe nezindatshana zakhe, U-Almudena Grandes noSara Mesa, isibonelo.
- AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?
MM: awu! Ngizokopela kancane: the UHenry James lokho kubonisa Colm Cobin en Inkosi. Ngayengwa ngokuphelele, nakuba ukufunda kwami uHenry James kukumbalwa kakhulu. Bengingathanda ukuhlangana naye.
- AL: Yimiphi imikhuba noma imikhuba ekhethekile uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala noma ukufunda?
MM: Cha, Anginawo ama-nias amakhuluhhayi ukubhala noma ukufunda. Mhlawumbe, uma ngibhala, ngidinga ukuthula nokuba ngedwa, kodwa ngiqinisekisile ukuthi ngingabhala ngaphandle kwaleyo mibandela emibili.
- AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?
MM: Ngine- ideskithophu ekhoneni lendlu yami elilokhu linwebeka namaphepha ami, izincwadi kanye nezincwadi zami zokubhalela kuze kube yilapho ikoloni ingxenye enhle yekamelo. Ngivame ukuhlala phansi ngibhale ngemva kokudla yonke intambama, nsuku zonke. Ngizizwa ngiqaphile, ngisebenza kakhulu.
- AL: Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo?
MM: Yebo, ngiyawathanda kakhulu amanoveli abacuphi kanye nedayari yababhali, njengoba ngike ngasho phambilini.
- Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?
MM: Njengamanje ngiyafunda Ubusika obuhlanu, of U-Olga Merino, elandisa ngeminyaka yakhe eyintatheli eSoviet Union ngawo-90. Ngimthanda kakhulu, ngenxa yendlela yakhe yokubhala nangenxa yokuthi ngithola ukwazi kancane ngomlingiswa wezwe elingaziwa kangaka. futhi engaqondakali kimi.
Futhi mayelana nokubhala, njengamanje ngikhona ukuphotha izindaba ezimbalwa, kodwa angibhali lutho okwamanje.
- AL: Ucabanga ukuthi indawo yokushicilela ikuphi futhi yini ethathe isinqumo sokuthi uzame ukushicilela?
MM: Ngicabanga indawo yokushicilela kuhlale kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngesizathu esisodwa noma esinye. Manje sekunenqwaba yokushicilela, izindaba azihlali ngisho amasonto amabili emashalofini esitolo sezincwadi, futhi kubabhali, abachitha isikhathi esiningi benza indaba, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadumaza impela.
Ngaqala ukuzishicilela amanoveli ami ngo-2015 ngoba bengingazi muntu emkhakheni wokushicilela futhi izinkomba zami ezivela kubangani abashicilele nomshicileli bezingezinhle kakhulu. Bakhala ngokugodlwa kwemibhalo yesandla isikhathi eside, ukungaphenduli, ngezinye izikhathi ukungahloniphi.
Ngaba nenhlanhla ukuthi inoveli yami yokuqala engizishicilele yona ku-Amazon kusebenze kahle kakhulu mayelana nokuthengisa nokubuyekezwa, futhi angizange ngicabange ukuthumela lutho kubashicileli baze bangithinte mayelana nenoveli yakamuva engangizishicilele yona ngaleso sikhathi, inoveli yothando yomlando eyasungulwa eSpain ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. , e-Comillas (Cantabria), futhi kamuva eyayizoshicilelwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Isiphetho sami, eyokuqala ye-trilogy, eyayizolandelwa Uthando olubhaliwe y isinqumo esingenakugwenywa, okokugcina.
Manje njengoba ngishicilela ngomshicileli ofana no-Ediciones B we-Penguin Random House, kufanele ngisho ukuthi ulwazi lwami ngabo lube luhle kakhulu, luhle kakhulu. Ngizizwa nginelungelo ngalokho.
- AL: Ngabe isikhathi senhlekelele esibhekene naso sinzima kuwe noma uzokwazi ukugcina okuthile okuhle ngezindaba ezizayo?
MM: Kunzima ngoba ngikulelo qembu elikhulu labantu aba ukudikibala kusinqobile kancane, ukudangala, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokukhathazeka. Impela kukhona okuzosala ngaphakathi kimi ngekusasa, kodwa njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwento engihlose ukuyibhala ekubhaleni kwami suka kude neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka lokho kungizungezile.