UFernando Savater: isazi sefilosofi samanje
Kusukela ekudalweni kwayo, ifilosofi njengemfundiso iye yafuna ukuhlela ulwazi lweqiniso kanye nencazelo yezenzo zomuntu. Othisha abaningi bazamile ukuletha lolu lwazi esimweni sesimanje, kodwa bambalwa abakwaziyo ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokufunda kakhulu. Akumangazi ukuthi ukusesha "uFernando Savater: isazi sefilosofi samanje" kunokubonakala okubanzi kuzinjini zokusesha zewebhu.
Fernando U-Savater ungomunye walabo balingisi abaziwa ngabalandeli abadala nabancaneNgakho-ke, kusukela ekushicilelweni kwezindaba zakhe zokuqala, wabonisa ikhono elikhulu lokudonsa ukunaka komphakathi, ngenxa yezikhundla zakhe ze-avant-garde ngokuziphatha, ezombusazwe, umphakathi namasiko. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uthole imiklomelo ehlukahlukene kanye nokuqokwa ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Letha ifilosofi kubantu abasha nakubantu abadala
Ngesitayela esingcono kakhulu sesiFulentshi, uFernando Savater uvame ukuzibiza njengesazi sefilosofi yenkampani, ngezinhlamvu ezincane. Ngokungafani nalabo osebenza nabo abenza iPhilosophy njengoprofesa, Lo mbhali unomumo obalulekile futhi okhanyiselwe, ngaphezu kwamanye amafomu e-iconoclastic kanye nempikiswano amenze wanconywa abanye futhi wanqatshwa abanye. Ngokunjalo nesitayela sakhe sisebenzisa ubuhlakani nokubhuqa.
Nakuba umbhali ethanda izindatshana zezintatheli nezindatshana kunezindaba ezixoxwayo—izinhlobo ezifundwa kakhulu abantu abadala—lokhu akuzange kuvimbe abafundi abancane ukuba bavakashele umsebenzi wakhe. Isizathu sisobala: yabo izincwadi zefilosofi Bethula izimpikiswano ezithi, nakuba sezikhulile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziyaqhubeka nokuthandwa abantu abanolwazi oluncane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendlela elula umlobi akwazi ukuyinyathelisa embhalweni ngamunye, edonsa ugqozi kubabhali abafana noNietzsche, Cioran noSpinoza.
Umsebenzi kaFernando Savater
Iminyaka yokuqala
UFernando Fernández Savater Martín wazalwa ngoJuni 21, 1947, eSan Sebastián, eSpain. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Complutense University of Madrid, wazinikela ekufundiseni emanyuvesi ahlukene ezingeni eliphezulu.. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe washintsha phakathi nekwindla ka-1973, lapho inkontileka yakhe yokufundisa ingavuselelwanga. Lokhu kuhunyushwe ngabafundi njengokuziphindiselela kwezepolitiki.
Ukucasuka kothisha nabafundi kuholele ekutheni kube nemibhikisho yokuvikela iSavater. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-Francoism, umbhali waqinisekiswa emsebenzini wakhe, futhi waqala ukufundisa isihloko se-Ethics eNyuvesi yaseBasque Country. Kusukela lapho, wazinikela ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zamasiko ezehlukene emsebenzini wakhe wobuntatheli, okwamenza waba yisithenjwa.
isimo sefilosofi
Ukuduma kuka-Fernando Savater kwamenza wadayiswa kakhulu, kodwa futhi waba inhloso yokugxekwa. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezimpikiswano zakhe zokuthi ifilosofi iyinkambu okufanele isetshenziselwe ukucasula nokuveza ukuzithoba, esho ukuthi izimiso zokuziphatha akufanele zibe ngaphansi kwezahlulelo ezingaqondakali ezingajwayelekile enjabulweni yomuntu siqu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ifilosofi yakhe kwezepolitiki ivele emcabangweni wenkululeko, edlula kuntando yeningi, intando yeningi yenhlalo, ubuntu obukhululekile, futhi ephetha emisebenzini yakhe yakamuva ngemidwebo ye-universallist. Ukuze aveze imibono yakhe, umlobi waphawula okulandelayo: “Ngiye ngaba umshisekeli ongenantukuthelo; Ngethemba ukuthi ngizoba ngumuntu olandelanayo ngaphandle kobubi.”
Indima yezinkolo ngokusho kukaFernando Savater
I-Savater ihlongoze izikhathi ezimbalwa umphakathi ongahloniphi ngokuphelele, ngokungafani nendima eyisisekelo yezinkolo esimweni sentando yeningi. Ngokomlobi, lokhu kungasiza ukubhekana “namahlelo obunikazi bobuhlanga, ubuzwe nanoma iyiphi enye efuna ukubeka amalungelo okuba isakhamuzi esingenangqondo nobulinganayo ngaphansi komgomo wokuhlukanisa abantu.”
Umsebenzi kaFernando Savater
Ipheshana elimelene nakho konke (1978)
Ngalo mbhalo, Fernando I-Savater izama ukulwa ngandlela thize nemiqondo ethile yokuxolisa esetshenziswe kusayensi yezenhlalo. kanye nethiyori yezombangazwe, njengokuthi “Okuhle Okujwayelekile”, Umbuso, Ubulungiswa, Konke kanye namandla. Izinhlamvu zokuqala zamagama zingosonhlamvukazi njengendida, njengoba umbhali ekholelwa ukuthi ohulumeni bazisebenzisa ukuze baziphendulele.
Isimemo sokuziphatha (1982)
Ngalesi sikhathi, UFernando Savater akaphendukeli kusayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu noma ezengqondo, kodwa ohlotsheni olumenyezelwe lwefilosofi, ukuze kuchazwe wona kanye umqondo wefilosofi, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanganisa izisekelo zayo, amathuba, isidingo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwekusasa. Iphinde ithinte izihloko ezifana nencazelo yobuhle kanye nenselelo ebangelwa ububi, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwepolitiki kanye nokuziphatha.
Umsebenzi weqhawe (1982)
Incwadi ecashunwe ngezansi iyisizathu esenza u-Savater awine Umklomelo Kazwelonke We-Essay ngo-1982. Lapha isidingo sokukhuthaza ukuthambekela kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvukela siyabonakala, esokuphuza ngokuhlelekile nesinye esijabulela ukuphazamiseka.. Yebo, kuyaphikisana, kodwa, ngaphakathi kwesitayela esithile sika-Savater, kuyisici esivamile semibono yakhe.
Lesi sihloko sizungeza izimbazo ezintathu ezimaphakathi. Eyokuqala yazo imayelana nokuthi izimiso zokuziphatha zisebenza kanjani futhi kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuqonda abantu. Owesibili uhlaziya isibalo seqhawe kanye nomsebenzi wakhe, ngaphezu kwama-archetypes ayinhloko kanye nezinganekwane zesiko. Owesithathu yena, ikhuluma ngokuvuthwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha, ezingahambisani nemithetho eqondile yoMbuso. Lesi sigaba siphinde sikhulume ngokuthi intando yeningi iyinto efanelekile.
Insimu yokungabaza (1993)
Yinoveli esethwe ngekhulu le-18 eSpain. Kuye, U-Savater uhlola imicabango kaVoltaire, omunye wezibalo ezidume kakhulu neziyisithonjana zenkathi yama-Victorian.. Lo msebenzi uqondiswe ekugxekeni okufanayo okwaphakanyiswa ngumFulentshi, lokhu kusho ukuthi uthinta izihloko ezifana nempi, abefundisi, ukuhlukunyezwa, inkolelo-ze, ukushiseka kwezenkolo, absolutism yobukhosi, phakathi kweminye imibono.
Izivakashi zenkosazana (2012)
Futhi, Savater ubhala inoveli ekhombisa izindaba zamanje, ezombangazwe kanye nokugxekwa komphakathi. Indaba iqala lapho umongameli we-Santa Clara, owaziwa ngokuthi "Inkosazana," ebiza abaculi nababhali abambalwa ukuthi bagubhe umkhosi wamasiko, ukuze aguqule inzalo yakhe encane yasesiqhingini ibe ireferensi yamasiko. Kodwa-ke, intaba-mlilo eseduze iyaqhuma, ngakho izihambeli nosihambi abakwazi ukuphinde bahlangane.
