Namuhla kugujwa iminyaka engu-180 kwazalwa uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer

Kusezinsukwini ezinjenganamuhla lapho ngijabule kakhulu ngokukwazi ukubhala ngezincwadi. Isizathu, lapha: Namuhla kuphawula iminyaka engu-180 kwazalwa uGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, omunye wabalobi ababili abathandanayo "abavuse" ukuthandana eSpain. Omunye umbhali, ukuthi ungamqambi kanjani ngegama: URosalía de Castro. Ngokubambisana bavuselela i-Romanticism, eyase isiqale ukwehla kwayo cishe ngonyaka we-1850. Ngalesi sizathu, laba babhali ababili bahlukaniswa njenge-post-Romantic.

Kepha ake sibhekane noBécquer, sizofingqa kafushane ukuthi yena nomsebenzi wakhe kwakusho ukuthini ngezincwadi:

1. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingi, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke waziwa ngowakhe "Imilolotelo" y "Izinganekwane", lesi sakamuva sabhalwa ngephrozi.
2. Njengothando oluhle ngathanda abesifazane abaningana: UJulia Espín, u-Elisa Guillén noCasta Navarro. Ngalawa washada ngo-1861 futhi wahlukanisa eminyakeni kamuva.
3. Ushone eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-34, Ngeshwa. Besingeke sizijabulele izincwadi zakhe isikhathi eside kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu waba ngumbhali owaziwayo phakathi kwabanye ababhali.
4. Noma kunjalo, izinkondlo zakhe zanyatheliswa ngemuva kokufa, ikakhulukazi ngo-1871, njengoba izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala zalahleka emlilweni, uBécquer okwakudingeka azibhale kabusha, futhi wakha ezintsha, azibiza ngokuthi "Incwadi Yondlunkulu". Ngemuva kokushona kombhali, abangani bakhe nozakwabo bayihlela kabusha le mibhalo futhi bayishicilela ngaphansi kwegama elaziwa namuhla: "Imilolotelo".

«AmaRimas» nguBécquer

Imilolotelo yakhe yizinkondlo ezimfushane, ezithandwa ngethoni nangomculo omningi emavesini abo. Kuzo, amabhlogo ama-4 ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele angabonwa ngokuphelele:

• AmaRhymes I kuye ku-VIII: Bakhuluma ngenkondlo uqobo, ngesenzo sokubhala kwembongi. Kuzo ubunzima imbongi enabo ekutholeni amagama afanele aveza ngqo lokho efuna ukukusho buvela kaningi.
• I-Rhymes IX kuya ku-XXIX: Bakhuluma ngothando olunethemba futhi olujabulisayo, uthando oluzwakala okokuqala futhi olujabulisayo.
• I-Rhymes XXX kuya ku-LI: Lokhu, kunalokho, kukhuluma ngokudumazeka kothando, nakho konke lokhu okubandakanya.
• I-Rhymes LII kuya ku-LXXVI: Izingqikithi zakhe ezivame kakhulu yisizungu, ubuhlungu, ukudabuka nokuphelelwa yithemba.

Kule milolotelo, uBécquer ukhuluma nowesifazane omncane, onamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka («Umfundi wakho ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ...»), ngezinwele ezimhlophe nebala elikhanyayo. Uthi luthando olukhungathekisayo nolungenakwenzeka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi owesifazane ubonakala eyinkondlo uqobo, engafinyelelwa, leyo zinkondlo eziphelele eziphikisana nombhali ...

Izinkondlo zikaBécquer zehluke kakhulu kulezo zinkondlo zothando ezazibhalwe ngaphambilini. I-Bécquer, ngaphansi kwe- i-halo esondelene futhi engaqondakali, ubalekela imvumelwano evamile yongwaqa bamavesi othando, futhi azakhele izingoma: ezimfishane nezimfushane, eziqonde kakhulu, zemvelo ngokwengeziwe, hhayi eziphoqelelwe noma ezihlotshisiwe, ...

Naye ngokwakhe washo lokhu ngezinkondlo zakhe:

«Yemvelo, emfushane, eyomile, ephuma emphefumulweni njengenhlansi kagesi, elimaza umuzwa ngegama bese ibaleka; futhi uhamba ze ngobuciko,… ivusa imibono eyinkulungwane elele olwandle olungenamkhawulo lwenganekwane ».

Ukufanekiselwa kwezinkondlo zakhe kanye nokubaluleka kwazo kusebenze ngokuqinile ithonya kubalobi njengoba UJuan Ramón Jiménez noma labo besizukulwane sama-27. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi uBécquer wayeyimbongi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, umanduleli weminyakazo yamuva, kanye nothando olwedlule.

Nayi idokhumentari emayelana nempilo nomsebenzi weGA Bécquer. Imizuzu eyi-15 kuphela, kufanele ubone:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycZT7MsxZkA

Eminye yemilolotelo yakhe (XXX, LIII,

I-RIMA XXX

Kuvele izinyembezi emehlweni akhe
nasendebeni yami inkulumo yokuthethelelwa;
Kukhuluma uPride wasula izinyembezi,
nenkulumo esezindebeni zami yaphela.

I-RIMA XXXVIII

Ngehla ngomgwaqo; wakhe, omunye;
kodwa, sicabanga ngothando lwethu,
Ngisasho namanje: "Ngithuleleni ngalolo suku?"
Uzothi: "Kungani ngingakhalanga?"

Ukububula kungumoya bese kuya emoyeni.
Izinyembezi zingamanzi futhi ziya olwandle.
Ngitshele, mfazi, lapho uthando selukhohliwe
Uyazi ukuthi iya kuphi?

RHYME LIII

Izinkonjane ezimnyama zizobuya
kuvulandi wakho izidleke zazo zokulenga,
futhi nangophiko kuya kumakristalu alo
bedlala bazobiza.

Kepha lezo indiza ezibambile
ubuhle bakho nenjabulo yami ukucabanga ngayo,
labo abafunde amagama ethu ...
Labo ... ngeke babuye!.

I-honeysuckle enamahlathi izobuya
kusuka engadini yakho izindonga zokukhuphuka,
futhi futhi kusihlwa muhle nakakhulu
izimbali zalo zizovuleka.

Kepha lezo, zigobekile ngamazolo
amaconsi akhe siwabhekile ayaqhaqhazela
futhi uwe njengezinyembezi zosuku ...
Labo ... ngeke babuye!

Bazobuya othandweni olusezindlebeni zakho
amazwi anjengomlilo ukuzwakala;
inhliziyo yakho ebuthongweni bayo obukhulu
mhlawumbe izovuka.

Kodwa ngathula futhi ngangena futhi ngaguqa ngamadolo
njengoba uNkulunkulu ekhonzwa phambi kwe-altare lakhe,
njengoba nginithandile ...; phuma ehhukeni,
Hhayi ... ngeke bakuthande!