El 18 de julio de 1817 washona uJane Austen, owangcwatshwa edolobheni lase Winchester. Nganginakho iminyaka 41 futhi impilo yakhe ayizange ibuyekeze izehlakalo ezibalulekile, kepha wayithola kwasekuqaleni i ukwamukelwa okuhle nokuqashelwa emsebenzini wakhe. Amanoveli akhe babonisa kahle futhi bachaza, ngokuthinta okungaqondakali, i- imizwa nokuziphatha komphakathi wonxiwankulu ayehlala kuyo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lamanoveli awalahlekelwanga yinhle yawo noma yawo amandla okuheha nemizwa. Izindaba nezinhlamvu ezingenakulibaleka ukuthi sonke sifunde noma sibonile ngesikhathi esithile futhi lokho kumake okwethu umoya wothando ngaphezulu. Namuhla ngikubukeza lokho umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu njengenkokhiso encane kumuntu wakhe omkhulu kakhulu.
Ukuziqhenya nokubandlulula
"Kuliqiniso elamukelekile emhlabeni wonke ukuthi wonke umuntu wesilisa onomcebo omkhulu udinga unkosikazi." Kuyisiqalo esinqumayo nesichazayo yomsebenzi wakhe obhekwe kahle futhi odume kakhulu kungenzeka. Uqale ukuyibhala 1796 kodwa ayizange ishicilelwe kuze kube 1813. Kuyo, u-Austen utshela indaba ye amadodakazi amahlanu kaNkk. Bennett, ongenawo omunye umgomo empilweni yakhe ngaphandle kokuwufinyelela umshado omuhle yabo bonke. Futhi phakathi kwabashushisi ashibhile kukhona izinsizwa ezimbili ezicebile, uMnu. IBingley nenkosi Darcy.
Sekuvele kunobudlelwano phakathi kwendodakazi endala, uJane, noMnu uBingley obonakala bunekusasa elihle kodwa, ngaphansi kwethonya likaMnu Darcy, abuphumeleli. Kodwa-ke, ukungenelela kwe- Elizabeth, indodakazi yesibili, oqondayo futhi ohlubukayo, izoshintsha inkambo yemicimbi.
Ukuziqhenya nokubandlulula inazo zonke izingqikithi eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi ka-Austen. I- imvelo yengcindezelo yomndeni, ingcindezi yomshado, umehluko wezigaba, isibuko sobumpofu nokuzwela okubucayi yeqhawekazi elizimisele, kepha futhi ngubani ongalungile.
Impela kube njalo kuthathwe kumamuvi ezikhathini eziningi, okwakamuva kakhulu, ku- 20o5. Iqondiswe nguJoe Wright futhi udlala indawo yabalingisi abaholwa ngu Keira Knightley y UMathewu macfadyen.
Umuzwa nokuzwela
De 1811. Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu elandisa indaba ye odade baseDashwood, u-Elinor noMarianne. Zihluke ngokuphelele ngoba ku U-Elinor evelele ingqondo y Marianne uthathwa yisikhulu ukuqonda. Futhi bobabili abalingiswa nokuziphatha kunengozi yabo.
U-Elinor noMarianne bahlala nonina nodadewabo omncane uMargaret. Ngemuva kokushona kukayise, ifa lomndeni lidlulela kumfowabo ngamzali munye, uJohn Dashwood, okuwukuphela kozalo lowesilisa nendodana emshadweni wokuqala. Ngakho-ke umndeni ugcina cishe akukho lutho futhi uthuthela endlini encane esezweni enikezwa yisihlobo. Lapho odade baseDashwood bazohlangana namadoda amathathu: U-Edward Ferrars, uSir John Willoughby noColonel Brandon. Futhi bobabili bazothola uthando nokudumazeka. Phakathi, ngaphezulu iziza nokungaqondani lokho kuzoholela emphumeleni ngokuya ngakunye.
Futhi kwaguqulwa kaningi kukho kokubili ifilimu nethelevishini, i version okukhunjulwa kakhulu lokho kwe 1995ngu-Ang Lee, nge Emma Thompson y Kate Winslet njengodade baseDashwood.
Ema
Kuthunyelwe ku- 1815, ilandisa indaba ka Emma izinkuni, intokazi ekhaliphile kodwa futhi eyonakele ephikelela umdlalo kubo bonke abangane bakho. Lapho umphathi wakho, umngani kanye nesifuba sakho ethatha isinqumo sokushada, kufanele ubhekane nobuze bangempela empilweni yakho. Ngalokhu uzozinikela ekuzameni ukuthi abanye baphile impilo ephelele njengoba ecabanga eyakhe.
Kepha yonke imisebenzi yakhe ukukhwabanisa kwemizwa kuzokwakha kubazungeze abaningi imiphimbo, ukungaqondi nokudideka. Emma kungenye isithombe esihle seNgilandi yesifundazwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
Useguqukile ngisho namahlaya futhi-ke futhi njengochungechunge, ama-miniseries kanye nefilimu. Mhlawumbe okwaziwa kakhulu yilokho kwe- 1996, nge Gwyneth Paltrow njengo-protagonist.
I-Mansfield Park
De 1814, kubhekwa njengenoveli kakhulu kuyinkimbinkimbi, kudangele futhi kuminyene ngu-Austen. Uxoxa indaba ka Intengo kaFanny, okuyintombazane namanje lapho omalume bakhe bayamngenisa esithabathabeni somuzi wabo oseMansfield Park, emhlenga empilweni yobumpofu. Lapho uzoqala ukujabulela impilo egcwele ukuzijabulisa nokucwengisiswa. Kodwa kuleso sithabathaba somuzi kubuye kufihlwe iqiniso eliyingozi ukuthi uFanny kuzofanele afunde ukubhekana naye.
Le noveli ichaza a ukuhleleka nokugxekwa komndeni nomphakathi lokho kuyashintsha emehlweni entokazi enamahloni, kokunye okuthandekayo nakwabanye ngaphandle kokuheha.
Nakulokhu bekuyindaba yokuzivumelanisa nefilimu nethelevishini efana, ngokwesibonelo, i- Uhlobo lwefilimu luka-1999 con UFrances O'Connor njengoFanny Price.
Ukweyisela
Kwakungokwakhe inoveli yakamuva oqale ukubhala kungekudala Emma. Yanyatheliswa njengomsebenzi ngemuva kokufa ngo-1818. Ixhuma ne- INorthanger Abbey, ngoba zombili zashicilelwa ngevolumu eyodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Futhi ngoba zombili izindaba zenzeka ku- Bath, uJane waya ku-spa sakhe ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuphela komsebenzi ongachazwa njenge- indaba yothando. Bonke abanye bahlala bekhuluma ngokuthatheka kombhangqwana owodwa noma emibili bese begcina ngomshado wabalingiswa abaphambili, kepha lokhu kuphela endabeni egxile ku-simizwa ye-protagonist, u-Anne Elliot.
U-Anne ungowesifazane ebucayi, enesineke futhi enganakwa, okungukuthi, ngemuva kweminyaka senqabe Kule ndoda ayeyithanda ukulandela izeluleko ezimbi, bheka ukuthi kanjani uyavela futhi empilweni yakhe, ucebile futhi uhloniphekile kepha usejilili. Lapho-ke u-Anne uzokwenza konke okusemandleni ukwenza uthando lumnikeze a ithuba lesibili. Vele futhi sinokuzijabulisa okuyimpumelelo kwalesi sikhathi.
Ngokuba Cine kwenziwe inguqulo ku 1995 futhi ithelevishini kukhona uchungechunge lwe 2007.
INorthanger Abbey
Kubhalwe phakathi I-1798 ne-1799, ilandisa indaba ka UCatherine MorlandUmfundi okhuthele wamanoveli we-gothic, usebenzisa isikhathi sakhe evakashela abangane, njengo-Isabella Thorpe, nokuya emidansweni. KuCatherine UJohn Thorpe uthi, Umfowabo ka-Isabella, futhi UHenry tilney, umfundisi osemusha othanda kakhulu nolwazi ngomlando nezincwadi.
Ngakho-ke, abakwaTilney bamema uCatherine ukuthi avakashele epulazini likayise, INorthanger Abbey. Ulindele ukuthi kube mnyama, kugugile, futhi kugcwele imfihlakalo namaphupho, njengakumanoveli awafundayo. Kukhona I ukujwayela ukuze ithelevishini de 2007.