UKen Follett ucaphuna.
Ukufunwa "kwezincwadi zomlando ezihamba phambili zomlando" kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi be-amateur bemibhalo esekwe ezenzakalweni zangempela. Yize kukhona ababhali abasebenzisa abalingiswa abaqanjiwe emisebenzini yabo, isici esingenakugwenywa salolu hlobo lokungenzeki kwamaqiniso. Lokho wukuthi, abalingiswa abaphambili bangasungulwa, kepha hhayi i-nucleus yemicimbi noma izinsuku.
Ngakho-ke inoveli yomlando idinga imibhalo emihle yangaphambilini, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubhala kubekwa ngezigaba njengezindaba eziqanjiwe noma ezinganekwane. Vele, uhlobo lolimi, isitayela sokuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo ethile ye-lyrical kanye / noma yokulandisa yikhono lombhali elikhethekile. Kuleli qophelo, indlela umlobi amema ngayo umfundi ukuthi "ahambe ngesikhathi" incike kuphela ekwahluleleni nasekwakhiweni kwabo.
Mina, uClaudio (1934), nguRobert Graves
Isakhiwo nomongo
Mina Claudius —Isihloko sokuqala ngesiNgisi— yi-opera ephezulu maqondana nokwamukelwa nokuthengiswa ngumbhali waseBrithani uRobert Graves. Kususelwa kuma-akhawunti kaTacitus, uPlutarch nombhalo kaSuetonius owawuhunyushwe phambilini yiGraves, Izimpilo zamaKhesari ayishumi nambili. Kubalulekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi uClaudio wayengumbhali wezindaba ofanele ngaleso sikhathi futhi wakhiqiza umlando (oselahlekile njengamanje).
Kuyaziwa ngalo mbhalo ositshela ngokulandelana kobukhosi bukaJulio-Claudian. Ngokunjalo, kunemininingwane mayelana nezithiyo zomzimba (ukungingiza, ukukhubazeka, ezinye izingqondo ezinovalo…) uClaudio athathwa njengokhubazeke ngokomqondo ngumndeni wakhe. Lo "mxoshiwe" waqala ukubusa eneminyaka engama-49 futhi wasungula umbuso wobukhosi ngensika yeRiphabhulikhi.
Unkulunkulu wemvula ukhalela iMexico (1938), uLazarlo Passuth
Amazwibela nesisekelo somsebenzi
ILaslo Passuth ididiyele kakhulu imibhalo yangaleso sikhathi nocwaningo lwemivubukulo ukwenza enye yezindima ezithakazelisa kakhulu eNew World. Ngokuqondile, ukulandisa kugxile ekunqobeni iMexico ngamasosha kaHernán Cortés. Ngubani owacabanga ukuthi wenza umsebenzi wobunkulunkulu ngokusungula ngokuqhelisa abomdabu ebuhedeni.
Umphumela uyindaba eshaqisayo futhi ebonakalisa kakhulu ngemiphumela yokushayisana kwamasiko phakathi kwabaseSpain nabaseMexico. Yini enye, Ukuhlanganiswa ngobuciko kwabalingiswa bangempela nabathile abaqanjiwe kukhombisa ubuchwepheshe bukaPassuth kumongo womlando ochaziwe.
Impi Yokuphela Kwezwe (1981), nguMario Vargas Llosa
Indaba yezindaba nomongo womlando
Ngo-1897, abalimi basenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil eholwa ngu-Antonio Conselheiro benqaba ukukhokha intela ku-republic entsha ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo.. Ngalesi sizathu, uhulumeni ophakathi wayala ukuqoqwa kwamasosha ayi-10.000 XNUMX ukuze anqobe abahlali ngenkani. Ngale ndlela, impi yamaCanudos yaqala maphakathi nezwe elacekelwa phansi isomiso nezifo.
Kamuva, abanini mhlaba - ababesho amandla nezikhundla ezaziphethwe ngesikhathi sobukhosi -, eholwa yiBaron de Cañabrava, bajoyina amasosha aseRiphabhulikhi. Lapho, izakhamuzi zakhona zabhekana nemiphumela yokuvinjezelwa kwegazi endaweni ebhubhisayo iba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu (kanye nasekupheleni komhlaba).
Umhlubuki (1998), nguMiguel Delibes
Umongo nesakhiwo
UDelibes uhola umfundi ngesandla aye eValladolid ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCarlos V, isikhathi esaphawulwa iziyaluyalu zezombangazwe nezenkolo. Ekuqaleni, ukuqondana kwezinto kukhonjiswa ngosuku: Okthoba 31, 1517. Ngalolo suku uMartin Luther wabethela iziphakamiso ezingama-95 ezaholela ekuveleni kweNguquko YamaProthestani eminyango yesonto laseWittenberg.
Khonamanjalo, emazweni aseValladolid, uCipriano Salcedo wazalwa, intandane yomama selokhu azalwa futhi edelelwa nguyise. Ngenkathi akwazi ukuthembela ekunakekelweni ngumhlengikazi, ukulahlekelwa kwakhe okuhlukumezayo kwaphawula indoda eyaba ngumthengisi ophumelelayo. Noma, kunjalo, isici esasibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe kwakuwubudlelwano bakhe nemisinga yamaProthestani engaphansi komhlaba.
I-crypt yokugcina (2007), nguFernando Gamboa
Isakhiwo ne-synopsis
U-Ulises Vidal, uchwepheshe wezitshudeni, uthola insimbi yethusi egqitshwe ngaphansi kokwakhiwa kwamakhorali ogwini lwaseCaribbean eHonduras. Ucezu lwensimbi olunezici zeTemplar luqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi lwalucwiliswa lapho ikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokufika kukaColumbus eMelika. Ejabule ngamathuba okuzijabulisa, uVidal wenza umfelandawonye nesazi-mlando esidumile kanye nesazi semivubukulo esinesibindi sama-Aztec.
Igoli lokugcina lifisa kakhulu (futhi liphethe nochungechunge lwezingozi): impango edume kakhulu ye-Order of the Temple. Ucwaningo lwabo luzobadlulisa eBarcelona, iMalian Sahara, ihlathi laseMexico kanye nemingcele yaseCaribbean. Imfihlo yangenkathi ephakathi ezokwembulwa ingashintsha umlando owaziwayo wesintu nombono womuntu ngendawo yonke nangaye uqobo.
I-mercenary yaseGranada (2007), nguJuan Eslava Galán
Ukuxabana
Unyaka we-1487, isikhathi sokunqotshwa kabusha kwe-Andalusia yamanje ngamabutho eNkosi King Fernando. Ngakho-ke, umbuso wamaMoor waseGranada ubhekene nosongo olusondele oluzophela ngemuva kokuvinjezelwa idolobha laseMalaga isikhathi eside.. Ebhekene nokuphakama okusobala kwesitha, u-Mohamed Ibn Hasin (umbusi wase-Grenadian) ufika e-Istanbul nenceku yakhe ezocela usizo kubantu bakubo base-Ottoman.
Inhloso kaMohamed ukuthola ukwesekwa nabezempi kanye nezikhali ezivuselelwa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, iSultan yaseTurkey imnika lonke usizo ngomuntu oyedwa: u-Orbán, umkhandi wensimbi waseThracian. Umuntu oyedwa oqukethe wonke amabutho obuKristu? Ama-Arabhu ngokuqinisekile azolahlekelwa iGranada ... noma cha?
Trilogy of the Century, nguKen Follet
UKen Follett.
Nge-trilogy yakhe ebanzi, uKen Follet wagcina eseziqinisekisa njengombhali waseBrithani othengisa kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule. Ukwakha amaqhinga akhe, umbhali waseWelsh usebenzisa abalingiswa abaqanjiwe abanobuhlobo obuthile bomzwelo, imizwa, ezombusazwe kanye / noma ezempi kuyo yonke le saga. Kodwa-ke, incazelo yemicimbi yangempela inembile ngokweqile.
Ukuwa kwemidondoshiya (2010), imicimbi eyiqiniso ihlanganisiwe
- Ukugcotshwa kukaGeorge V, iNkosi yaseNgilandi kanye ne-United Kingdom (1911).
- Ukuhlaselwa kweSarajevo nokuqala okulandelayo kweMpi Enkulu (1914).
- Ukubuyela kukaLenin ePetrograd (1917).
- Isinqumo se-Prohibition e-USA (1920).
Ubusika bomhlaba (2012), imicimbi eyiqiniso ihlanganisiwe
- Isimemezelo se Ukwenza okusha e-United States (1933-37).
- Imicimbi yokugcina ye-Spanish Civil War (1939-40).
- Uhlelo lwe-Aktion T4, olwaholela ekudingisweni nasekubulaweni kohlanga kwezigidi zabantu abangamaJuda. Ngokufanayo, amaNazi ahlasela ezinye izinkolo, ubuhlanga kanye nobungqingili.
- El I-blitz - ukuqhuma kwamabhomu eLondon (1940-41) ngamasosha omoya aseJalimane.
- Umqulu we-Atlantic (1941).
- Ukuhlaselwa esisekelweni sase-US sePearl Harbor ngabezindiza baseJapan (ngo-1941).
- Ukusebenza Barbarossa (Russia, 1941).
- Impi yaseStalingrad (1942).
- Impi yaseKursk (1943).
- Ingqungquthela yaseMoscow (1943).
- Ukuqala komjaho wenuzi.
Umbundu waphakade (2014), imicimbi eyiqiniso ihlanganisiwe
- Ukuphakanyiswa kodonga lwaseBerlin (1961).
- I-Civil Rights Movement e-United States (1960s).
- Inkinga Yemicibisholo YaseCuba (1962).
- Ukubulawa kukaMongameli waseMelika uJohn F. Kennedy (1963) kanye noMfundisi Martin Luther King Jr. (1968).
- Ukuhlasela kweSoviet kweCzechoslovakia (1968).
- Impi yaseVietnam (ukungena kweMelika empini; 1965-73).
- Isikhalazo se-Watergate (1972).
Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuphawula okufushane kwemisebenzi ekhonjisiwe, ngithemba ukuqhubeka nokuthola abanye ngokuzayo. Ukubingelela okuvela eLima, ePeru.
"Impi ekupheleni komhlaba" umsebenzi omangalisayo owenziwa uVargas Llosa. Ngayifunda ngenkathi ngisekolishi futhi ngisayikhumbula ngokumangala okukhulu.
- UGustavo Woltmann.
Ungafaki uSalammbo de Flaubert ...