JRR Tolkien ucaphuna
Imisebenzi ka-JRR Tolkien cishe ayidingi singeniso. Lo mbhali waseNingizimu Afrika onobuzwe bamaNgisi waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokwakha umhlaba omnandi nobuqhawe ngezincwadi ezifana nalezi I-Hobbit, i-Silmarillion y INkosi yezindandatho. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lezi noveli zaba yingxenye yezincwadi zakudala, futhi, kamuva, ubuciko be-cinema ephezulu yefantasy.
U-Tolkien wasebenza njengoprofesa e-Oxford University, esihlalweni sikaRawlinson noBosworth, inhloso yabo kwakuwukufundisa ulimi lwe-Anglo-Saxon. Futhi, WayenguSolwazi Wolimi Nezincwadi eMerton. Isazi sefilosofi sathola ukuqashelwa okukhulu kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Nokho, umhlaba uyamkhumbula ngamagalelo akhe ezincwadini, nakuba eziningi zemisebenzi yakhe zaziwa ngenxa yendodana yakhe yesithathu, uChristopher Tolkien.
Amazwibela ezincwadi zika-JRR Tolkien eziphawuleka kakhulu
I-Hobbit, noma Lapho bese Ubuyela Futhi - Hobbit (1937)
Le noveli yabhalwa izingxenye ezithile, kusukela ngonyaka ka-1920 futhi yaphela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930. Umshicileli owayenomsebenzi wokunyathelisa UGeorge Allen no-Unwin. Le ncwadi inomoya wobusha, ngoba, ngokomthetho, yayibhalelwe izingane zombhali. Indaba ikhuluma ngezigigaba ze-hobbit eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Bilbo Baggins. Uqala uhambo lokuyothola umcebo udrako uSmaug awugada eNtabeni iLonely.
Isakhiwo sayo siqala lapho uBilbo, ohlala eShireithola ukuvakashelwa okungalindelekile okuvela isangoma esaziwa ngokuthi Gandalf the Gray kanye inkampani ye 13 amadlozi. Iqembu lalidinga umphangi onguchwepheshe ukuze lenze umsebenzi oyingozi: finyelela e-Erebor, linqobe uSmaug, liphinde linqobe lo mbuso futhi libambe umcebo ofihlwe kuwo.
INkosi yamaRings: ukuhlanganyela kwendandatho - INkosi Yezindandatho: Ukuhlanganyela Kwendandatho (1954)
INkosi yamaRingi: ukuhlangana kwendandatho Ngeyokuqala ye-trilogy u-Tolkien ayibhala njenge-sequel yayo Hobbit. Indaba yenzeka ku-Third Age of the Sun, ku umhlaba ophakathi. Yindawo eqanjiwe lapho kuhlala khona izidalwa ze-anthropomorphic, njengalezi: ama-elves, ama-dwarves nama-hobbits, kanye nabantu.
Indaba iqala ngosuku lokuzalwa lwe-111 luka-Bilbo Baggins, uhlelo lwakhe lokuguga kuwukuthatha uhambo lokugcina., lapho elindele ukuhlala khona ngokuzola. Eyazi ngokuziphatha komngane wakhe, uGandalf uya emcimbini. Lo mgubho uphetha ngenkulumo yomgubho, okuthi ngemva kokusho amazwi ambalwa okuvalelisa, afake indandatho yomlingo futhi anyamalale.
Njengomphumela walokhu, uGandalf usesha umvuni. Lapho eyithola, uthi indandatho wayengayishiyanga ezandleni zikaFrodo, umshana wakhe kanye nendlalifa. Ekugcineni, uBilbo uhamba ngaphandle kobucwebe. Umlumbi uzwa ukungabaza ngento engavamile, futhi uqala ukucinga ulwazi mayelana nezakhiwo zayo. Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, uGandalf uyabuya, etshela uFrodo ngalokho akutholile.
Leso siqeshana bekungesikaSauron, Inkosi Emnyama. Le nto yathathwa kuye iNkosi u-Isildur yase-Arnor. Futhi manje uFrodo nabangane bakhe kufanele baye edolobhaneni laseBree ukuletha iNdandatho Eyodwa ezweni laseRivendell, lapho amadoda ahlakaniphile kufanele anqume ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngayo. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi wabo uzophawulwa yinqwaba yezingqinamba, izimpi kanye nokubaleka, kanye nokuzingela okuqhubekayo kukaSauron nabalingani bakhe.
AmaTowers Amabili - IMibhoshongo emibili (1954)
IMibhoshongo emibili uvezwa njengomqulu wesibili we INkosi yezindandatho. Ngokufanayo, landela uhambo luka-Frodo Baggins nabangane bakhe ukuya endaweni yokugcina ye-Ring of Power. Kule ncwadi, i-Fellowship of the Ring ihlaselwa ama-orcs athunyelwe uSaruman—inkosi yemilingo—kanye noSauron. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlaselwa, ilungu lomphakathi liyashona ngesikhathi lizama ukuvikela abanye ababili.
Laba balingisi bokugcina bayathunjwa. Ukuze bahlengwe, abasele banquma ukulandela ama-orcs. Umcimbi ubangela ukuthi abathwebuli babaleke baye e-Fangorn Forest, lapho bethola khona ababambisene nabo. Ngemva bahlangana noGandalf, owayehlukene neqembu ukuze alwe neBalrog. Umthakathi ubatshela ukuthi yena washona ngesikhathi kuliwa, kodwa wabuyiselwa eMiddle-Earth ukuyoqedela umsebenzi wakhe.
Umthakathi uphenduka uGandalf the White, abe yinhloko entsha yabathakathi. Lo mlingisi, ngokusebenzisa imifelandawonye, uthola indlela yokususa ama-orcs unomphela.
Okwamanje, UFrodo noSam banempi ezintabeni zase-Emyn Muil, endleleni eya eMordor, uthole ukuthi zizingelwa yisidalwa esaziwa ngeGollum. Ngakho, abahambi bamcela ukuba abaqondise lapho beya khona, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba babhekane nezinye izinkathazo eziningi.
Ukubuya Kwenkosi - Ukubuya kweNkosi (1955)
Ukubuya kweNkosi Iwumqulu wesithathu nowokugcina we- I-Ring Trilogy. Incwadi iqala lapho uGandalf kanye nenkampani beya eTirith Mines.. Umgomo wakhe uwukuxwayisa inkosi yakhe ukuthi indodana yakhe endala ishonile, nokuthi usongo luseduze, okubangela ukuthi i-regent ingene ebuhlanya. Amabutho ahlangene ayawa, futhi amabutho ezitha aya eba namandla.
Khonamanjalo kwenzeka enye impi evumela ukunqotshwa kweqembu lempi likaSaruman. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, U-Aragorn, umuntu ovela ku-Fellowship, ubhekene neNkosi Emnyama, futhi waqala ukufuna ibutho labangasekho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uFrodo ukhubazwe ubuthi buka-Ella-Laraña, futhi uSam kumelwe aphathe iNdandatho Eyodwa. Lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko eseluleme, yena noSam babhekisa amabombo emazweni angenalutho aseMordor.
Le ndawo ihlanzwa cishe zonke izakhamuzi zayo, ishiya ingakwazi ukuzivikela ekungeneni kwamaqhawe. UFrodo unqotshwa amandla eringi njengoba esezoyiphonsa eMount Doom.. Umlingiswa oyinhloko ufaka igugu, kodwa uGollum uyamkhaphela futhi azilume emunweni wakhe. Nokho, isidalwa silahlekelwa ibhalansi futhi siwele obishini, ekugcineni lubangele ukucekelwa phansi kwento.
Mayelana nombhali, u-JRR Tolkien
JRR Tolkien
U-John Ronald Reuel Tolkien wazalwa ngo-1982, e-Bloemfontein, e-Orange Free State. U-Tolkien wayengumlobi waseBrithani, isazi sefilosofi, isazi sezilimi, uprofesa wasenyuvesi, kanye nembongi. Ngenxa yodumo nempumelelo yomsebenzi wakhe, iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II yanquma ukumenza uKhomishana Wohlelo Lombuso WaseBrithani.
Umbhali futhi wayengumngane womlobi u-CS Lewis, obhekele IziKronike zaseNarnia. Bobabili oprofesa babengamalungu ekilabhu yenkulumompikiswano eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-Inklings. U-Tolkien, ofunde e-Exeter College, waziwa njengoyise wezincwadi eziqanjiwe. Ngo-2008, The Times wambiza ngomunye "Ababhali BaseBrithani Abangama-50 Abakhulu Kunabo Bonke Kusukela ngo-1945".
Ezinye Izincwadi Ze-Tolkien Ezidumile
- Leaf by Niggle - Leaf, nguNiggle (1945);
- AbakwaSilmarillion - AbakwaSilmarillion (1977);
- Izingane zikaHúrin - Amadodana kaHurin (2007);
- Inganekwane kaSigurd noGudrún - Inganekwane kaSigurd noGudrún (2009);
- Ukuwa kuka-Arthur - Ukuwa kuka-Arthur (2013);
- I-Beowulf: Ukuhumusha nokuphawula - I-Beowulf: ukuhumusha nokuphawula (2014).