UBram Stoker waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngeDracula, inoveli emenze waduma kakhulu. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ziningi izincwadi zikaBram Stoker. Uma ucabangela ukuthi wabhala ezingaphezu kuka-400, akungabazeki ukuthi kumelwe kube namanye amagugu afihliwe phakathi kwaleyo mibhalo.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, namuhla sifuna ukukhuluma nawe mayelana nalabo izincwadi ezilotshwe umbhali, ukuthi ziyini nalezo ezibizwa ngokuthi zingcono kakhulu. Ingabe kukhona okufundile ngo-Bram Stoker ngaphandle kuka-Dracula? Mhlawumbe uyamangala ngalokho okuthola epeni lakhe.
Wayengubani u-Bram Stoker
Umthombo: Eitmedia
Okokuqala, ake sikubeke kumongo. Futhi lokho kwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi bekungubani Abraham 'Bram' Stoker. Wazalwa ngo-1847 (futhi washona ngo-1912), wayengomunye wababhali bamanoveli abaziwayo base-Ireland emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi inoveli yakhe ethi Dracula (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1897). Kodwa akuyena yedwa obhale.
U-Bram Stoker wayenguyena indodana yesithathu ka-Abraham Stoker noCharlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley. Wayenabafowabo abayisithupha futhi umndeni wakhe wawusebenza kanzima, ungosonxiwankulu futhi unengcebo esekelwe ezincwadini namasiko.
UBram akazange abe nobuntwana obujwayelekile ngenxa yempilo yakhe ebuthaka. Lokho kwangenza ngadingeka funda ekhaya nothisha abazimele ngenkathi uchitha izinsuku, amasonto noma izinyanga embhedeni ngenxa yezifo. Unina, ngalezo zikhathi, wayemtshela izindaba zezimfihlakalo, izipoki, njll. okuyinto yena ngokwakhe wabonakalisa emisebenzini yakhe.
Lapho eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, wakwazi ukululama ngokugcwele futhi waba nempilo yensimbi. Lokhu kwamvumela ngena ekolishi lika-trinity futhi lapho wathola ukuhlonishwa kukho kokubili izibalo nesayensi. Wayengumpetha wezokusubatha futhi engumongameli wePhilosophical Society. Futhi ukwengeza inhlamba ekulimaleni, wabuye wasebenza esafunda. Wakwenza eDublin Castle njengesikhulu nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi uyise wayesebenza lapho njengesikhulu esiphezulu (ngakho wayezoba nokuthile kwepulaki). Kodwa futhi wayengumgxeki weshashalazi (ku-Dublin Evening Mail) noma umhlaziyi wezobuciko ezincwadini zesiNgisi nesi-Irish.
Umsebenzi wakhe kwakungowoMthetho, evumela abaphikisi ukuthi bakwazi ukusebenza njengommeli eNgilandi (ikakhulukazi eLondon, lapho athuthela khona nomkakhe, uFlorence Balcombe, owayeyintombi ka-Oscar Wilde). Isithelo sothando lwabo sazalwa u-Irving Noel.
Ezingeni lokubhala, u-Bram Stoker wayengumbhali onekhono njengoba ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula wayebhala izindaba, amanoveli, njll. Eyokuqala, eyesabekayo, yanyatheliswa kumagazini iLondon Society kanye neShamrock. Ubuye waba ngumbhali wencwadi ethi The Duties of Clerks of Petty Sessions in Ireland, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1879 futhi yasetshenziswa njengereferensi isikhathi eside, eside.
Njengomhlaziyi weshashalazi, wabuye wathola isikhathi sokubhala izindaba zakhe. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukubuyekezwa okuhle kokusebenza kukaHenry Irving njengoba uHamlet eholele ekutheni u-Irving anikezwe umsebenzi wokuba unobhala ozimele kanye nomphathi weLyceum Theatre., into eyamukelekayo. Futhi ngenkathi esebenza naye wayebuye abe ngumhlaziyi wezincwadi kuDaily Telegraph. Futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu: wabhala Dracula (ngaphezu kwamanye amanoveli).
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili ze-Bram Stoker
Umthombo: Centrobotin
Ukukutshela ngawo wonke amanoveli nezindaba (ikakhulukazi eyakamuva) ka-Bram Stoker ngeke kuphele. Futhi wabhala amakhulu namakhulu azo. Kuthiwa kungase kube nezindaba ezingaphezu kuka-400 ezakhiwe nguye (phakathi kwamanoveli nezindaba ezimfishane). Kuyiqiniso lokho eyaziwa kakhulu ekaDracula, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi maningi amanye amanoveli alo mbhali aseqophelweni eliphezulu kunawo wonke athengwa kakhulu, futhi azedlule ngisho nawo.
Ngalesi sizathu, kulo mcimbi, sifuna ukwenza inhlanganisela yezincwadi ezingaba yizincwadi ze-Bram Stoker ezihamba phambili. Khumbula ukuthi iwuhlu kuphela lwamanye awo, ngakho-ke lungaqondana noma lungaqondani nalolo oluthanda kakhulu.
Igugu lezinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa
Sizithola sinenoveli eshicilelwe eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kukaDracula lapho, kumuntu wokuqala, i indaba yensizwa eyayihlobene nomvubukuli owayehlose ukuvuselela iNdlovukazi uTera, umama waseGibhithe.
Indaba iqala ngocingo phakathi kwamabili kanye nomhlangano obungalindelekile emzini wesazi saseGibhithe u-Abel Trelawny, otholwe equlekile futhi enegazi ekamelweni lakhe.
Iphasi Lenyoka
Lona omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ka-Bram Stoker, eyanyatheliswa eminyakeni eyi-7 ngaphambi kwe-Dracula. Kuyo kukhona a umlando ohlobene ne-Central European kanye ne-Balkan folklore kodwa, ngendlela yokuthi, kwabonakala kungokoqobo ngokuphelele. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi wasebenzisa izinhlamvu, izingcaphuno, amabhulogi, imibhalo yedayari, iziqeshana zabezindaba... Konke kungamanga ngokuphelele kodwa lokho kwamnika lelo qiniso elifunwa umlobi.
indlu yejaji
Uyakhumbula ukuthi umama kaBram Stoker wayevame ukumtshela izindaba zesipoki esemncane futhi egula? Phela le noveli ikhuluma ngezipoki. Kuyo sizohlangana nensizwa efika edolobheni izofundela ukuhlolwa.
Nquma ehlala endlini yejaji okuthiwa lishone ngokulengiswa. Futhi ngobusuku bokuqala, uthola ukuthi igundane elikhulu aliwasusi amehlo akhe kuye.
Ngemva kobusuku obuningana, uqala ukuqonda isizathu sezinkolelo-ze zedolobha, kodwa futhi uthola okunye.
Umthombo: Thola izindawo ezithakazelisayo
Umgodi wesibungu esimhlophe
Sincoma leli bhuku kuwena ngoba bekuyilona Yanyatheliswa ngonyaka ngaphambi kokushona kukaBram Stoker. Kuyo uzohlangana no-Adam Salton, indoda ethola isicelo sikamalume wayo ukuba baqale kabusha ubuhlobo njengoba u-Adamu kuwukuphela kwelungu lomndeni eliphilayo (ngaphandle kwalelo khehla). Ngakho uya eSouthampton ukuyomhlangabeza.
Umalume wakhe ufuna ukumenza indlalifa yefa lakhe, kodwa okwenzeka ngokulandelayo kungase kungabi yilokho abekulindele.
Iminyango Yokuphila (ephinde yashicilelwa njengeNdoda)
Ubungeke ulindele ukuthi u-Bram Stoker abhale inoveli yothando? Wenza kahle. Kuyo usethula ukuthi UStephen Norman, inkosi ye-manor eNormanstead. Ngemva kokushada noMargaret, udadewabo omncane womngane wakhe, ngokushesha uba umfelokazi lapho eshona ngemva kokubeletha indodakazi.
Ezimisele ngokuthi nguye indlalifa, umqamba ngokuthi uStephen futhi umkhulisa njengomfana.
Ziningi ezinye izincwadi ze-Bram Stoker okufanele zifundwe. Ngakho-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uma ufunde noma yikuphi ocabanga ukuthi kufanele kunconywe, kushiye kumazwana ukuze abanye babe nezinketho eziningi.