Wazalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuzimela kweNdiya, into eyayizogqugquzela omunye wemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu, uSalman Rushdie ((Bombay, 1947) Ababhali baseNdiya abanethonya elikhulu futhi, futhi, enye yezimpikiswano ezinkulu kakhulu ngekhulu lama-1988. Bashushiswa kusukela ngo-XNUMX yi ayatollah U-Iranian Ruhollah Khomeini, obebheka inoveli yakhe ethi The Satanic Verses njengecala elimelene nobuSulumane, uRushdie uchithe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama, eqhubeka nokubhala ngezincwadi zemilingo nokuyingqayizivele okuvame ukuthonywa ubuqiniso bemilingo nokuthi sibukeza lokhu okulandelayo izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zikaSalman Rushdie.
Izingane zobusuku
Iqiniso lokuthi wazalwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambili ukuzimela kweNdiya Kwavumela uRushdie ukuthi abone ushintsho eNdiya olwalusahlukaniswe phakathi kwesiko nesimanjemanje, phakathi kweNtshonalanga namasiko alo. Ukucabanga okungavela Izingane zobusuku, incwadi ihlelwe phakathi nobusuku buka-Agasti 15, 1947, usuku lapho i-India yaba yizwe elizimele kanye nesikhathi sokuzalwa kukaSaleem Sinai, umlingisi ophikisayo nomlandisi ngempilo yakhe esizazi izikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu zepolitiki zesizwe sakhe. Incwadi, eyaba yinto yokuthengisa ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo ngo-1981, uzuze umklomelo weBooker kanye neJames Tait Black Prize.
Amahloni
Abagxeki abaningi bakhulelwa Amahloni ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo ngo-1983 njengomsebenzi ongenakuchazeka kodwa odingekayo, umlutha ngokuphelele. Hlala ngaphakathi I-Peccavistan, izwe elicatshangelwayo kwesinye isikhathi elikude neqiniso, Ihlazo liyinhlekelele lapho kufakwa khona izindaba zabalingiswa abehlukene abaphawulwe ngamahloni, kusukela ku-Omar Khayyam, indodana yomama abathathu, kuya kuGeneral Hyder nemibuthano yakhe emnyama emnyama. Enye ye- amanoveli afisa ukwazi kakhulu nguRushdie.
Amavesi kaSathane
Noma ubuqiniso bomlingo Kwakuhlale kuyimpawu yezincwadi zaseLatin America. Ababhali abathile baseNdiya abanjengo-Arundhati Roy noSalman Rushdie bayisebenzisile emisebenzini lapho okuhlangana khona iqiniso nezinganekwane kalula. Isibonelo esihle Amavesi kaSathane, nencwadi kaRushdie eyimpikiswano enkulu. Le noveli ilandisa ngabalingisi ababili be-Bollywood, uGibreel Farishta noSaladin Chamcha, indiza yabo ethathwa ngabashokobezi, ibenze bawele olwandle. Ngemuva kokusinda, bobabili abalingiswa bahlangabezana nemibono ebahambisa ngombono wabanye abalingiswa, njengaleyo yomprofethi osemusha wase-India u-Ayeesha, noma inguqulo kaMuhammad ebandakanya ukufakwa kwiKoran. Le ndaba yokugcina ayizange izijabulise izixuku zamaSulumane, ikakhulukazi isizwe esise-Iraq umholi wenkolo yakhe u-Ayatollah URuhollah Khomeini, wayalela ukufa kombhali ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ngo-1988. Njengamanje, i- fatwa (noma isigwebo) ngokumelene noRushdie kusasebenza, esibe yizigidi ezingama-2.8 zamaRandi.
UHarún nolwandle lwezindaba
URushdie ushicilele lezi sethi zezindaba ngo-1990, izinyanga ezingu-19 ngemuva kokucasha ngemuva kwe- fatwa wagwetshwa lapho ngemuva kokushicilelwa kweThe Satanic Verses. Izikhathi ezinzima lapho umbhali ubhalele indodana yakhe uZafar le ncwadi, ivula izinhlobo ezintsha zokulandisa kwezingane ngamazwi kaRashid Khalifa, umbalisi wezindaba ongcono kakhulu, othi kusukela osukwini olulodwa kuye kolandelayo, alahlekelwe yikhono lokuqhubeka elandisa. Ibhulokhi azozama ukulinqoba ngosizo lwendodana yakhe, uHarún, olumsiza ukuthi abuye namandla akhe. Kubhekwe njengesifaniso sesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi umlobi abhekene naso kanye nesifiso sendodana yakhe, unkosikazi wakhe kanye nekhaya lomndeni, UHarún nolwandle lwezindaba kungenzeka enye ye- Izincwadi zomuntu siqu zikaRushdie, ilungele zonke izethameli.
Ukuphefumula kokugcina kweMoor
Kubhekwa ngabaningi njengenye yezincwadi zakhe ezinhle kakhulu, Ukuphefumula Kokugcina KweMoor, eyashicilelwa ngo-1995, ilandisa ngendaba yelungu lokugcina lomndeni wakwaZogoiby, uMoraes el Moro, ovela ethuneni lakhe elandisa ngempilo yomndeni wakhe. I-protagonist, indoda eguga ngesilinganiso esisheshayo kunawo wonke umphakathi i-ode eya ekuwohlokeni komhlaba kanye nasezingxabanweni zenhlalo yezwe elinesiyaluyalu njengeNdiya kepha futhi nothando nobuhle obukhonjiswa ngumlingiswa obuyela emuva kusuka ezenzakalweni zeNdiya yangaleso sikhathi lapho kube khona inkosi yokugcina yamaMoor yaseSpain.
Umhlabathi ongaphansi kwezinyawo zakho
Kutholwe njenge inganekwane yenganekwane ka-Orpheus no-Eurydice, Umhlabathi ongaphansi kwezinyawo zakho utshela indaba kaVina Apsara, umculi osemusha onezwi lasendle elifunwa amadoda amabili: u-Ormus Cama nomngani wakhe, umthwebuli wezithombe uRai, obuye abe ngumbalisi wendaba. Inoveli ihlelwe ngesikhathi lapho idwala ifinyelele esicongweni sayo, ngakho-ke inoveli inezinkomba eziningi ngalolo hlobo ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi igxeka le nyunyana engenakwenzeka phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. Le noveli yashicilelwa ngo-1999.
UShalalimar umhlekisi
Ishicilelwe ngo-2005, uShalalimar usomahlaya utshela imiphumela emibi yokuthandana ngamehlo e-protagonist yayo, iphekula elizibiza ngalo UShalalimar umhlekisi. Umshayeli wemoto ofanayo ongumSulumane, owathi ekuseni ekuseni ngo-1991 wabulala lowo owayeyinxusa laseNdiya kanye nomphathi wobuphekula wase-US uMaximilian Ophuls. Inkinga iqala lapho uphenyo luthola umsuka wesisusa esingelula kangako lapho kutholakala khona ubunikazi bendodakazi ka-Ophuls njengowayengumthandi kaShalalimar ngenkathi esebenza njengonozakuzaku eKashmir.
Umthakathi waseFlorence
Ubufakazi obucacile bomsebenzi omuhle kaRushdie wokuguqula amagama abe ngumlingo, Umthakathi waseFlorence ibuyela emicimbini yomlando emidala kunaleyo ejwayelene nomlobi. Ngokuqondile, kusisa enkantolo ye U-Akbar Omkhulu, umbuso wombuso wakwaMughal, edolobheni laseNdiya iFatehpur Sikri ekupheleni kwekhulu le-2008, isikhathi lapho izimpi ezahlukahlukene ezazingachaza iNdiya njengezwe zazizokwenzeka. Isiqephu esithonywe yindaba yowesilisa oza enkantolo, esinye esimalunga nowesifazane onobuhle nezwi elihehayo nezipho ezinkulu zobuthakathi. Enye yezincwadi zakhe ezinhle ezanyatheliswa ngo-XNUMX.
Yini ngawe Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zikaSalman Rushdie?