izikhali zokukhanya
izikhali zokukhanya -noma Izikhali Zokukhanya, ngesihloko sayo sokuqala ngesiNgisi—iyisitolimende sesihlanu sochungechunge lwezinganekwane zomlando Izinsika zomhlaba, ebhalwe intatheli yase-Wales, isazi sefilosofi nombhali odayisa kakhulu u-Ken Follett, owawina umklomelo. Umsebenzi washicilelwa okokuqala ngoSepthemba 23, 2023 yindlu yokushicilela yamaViking. Kamuva, yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neSpanishi.
Incwadi itholakala kubo bonke abakhuluma isi-Spanish ngenxa ye-Plaza & Janés, futhi inokuhumusha kwe-Anuvela. Kuze kube yilolu suku, izikhali zokukhanya uthole ukubuyekezwa okuhle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, abanye abafundi bathi lesi sitolimende sinikeza ikhwalithi ephezulu yesakhiwo kune Ubumnyama nokusa, ivolumu yangaphambilini.
Amazwibela we izikhali zokukhanya
Ukuhamba ngomlando wedolobha eliqanjiwe
Nakuba izehlakalo zilandiswa ku izikhali zokukhanya zenzeka e-Kingsbridge - idolobha eliqanjiwe lapho izindaba ezedlule zitholakala khona - incwadi yesihlanu ochungechungeni ingafundwa ngokuzimela, njengoba ihlobanisa izehlakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi esihluke ngokuphelele. Le ncwadi isethwe ngo-1792, ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwe-English Industrial Revolution., ukwakhiwa kwamaqembu ezinyunyana zokuqala kanye nokuhlasela kweFrance nguNapoleon Bonaparte.
En izikhali zokukhanya Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kunezindikimba ezimbalwa eziphathwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa futhi nochungechunge lwabalingiswa abondla isakhiwo ngobunkimbinkimbi obubonakalisa umbhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ikhuluma ngendlela umphakathi waseBrithani ochayeka ngayo ekuthuthukeni ngendlela edidayo. ongenaso isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, okubangela ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi, ukuhlukana kwemikhaya kanye nosongo olukhulayo lwempi yokulwa namabutho angaphandle.
Uhlangothi olumnyama lwe-Kingsbridge
Uhulumeni wedolobha akakhathali uma kuziwa ekusunguleni ukukhula komnotho. Ufuna ukwenza i-Kingsbridge ibe ngelinye lamandla okuhweba anamandla eYurophu, futhi uzokwenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukufeza lokhu. Inkinga ukuthi izinguquko zezimboni zinyakazisa kakhulu izimboni zendwangu esezakhiwe zase-Kingsbridge. Okunye okuholele emuva okukhonjiswayo ukuthi, ngenkathi evuleka amathuba kubasebenzi abasha, avaliwe kubasebenzi bendabuko.
Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemisebenzi ethile sekuseduze, futhi lokhu kuyingxenye enonya yaleli dolobha lamaNgisi, elingasabi ukushiya labo abangasakwazi ukuqhubeka. Ukushintshashintsha phakathi kokulwela inqubekelaphambili kanye nokulwela ukulondoloza amasiko kuyinto engaguquki izikhali zokukhanya. Ukuthuthuka kuyafiswa futhi kuyingozi ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
Kukwalasha lapho kwakhiwa khona amaqhawe
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo sokubhala kukaKen Follett ubuntu obungagwegwesi babalingiswa bakhe. Esimweni esinjalo, Ama-protagonists yiqembu lezakhamuzi ezinesibindi zase-Kingsbridge, ababa uphawu lokulwa nokucindezelwa nokungabi nabulungisa. Ithimba lakhiwe u-Sal Clitheroe, indodana yakhe u-Kit, no-David Shoveller - umeluki embonini yendwangu - kanye nabanye ababambisene nomndeni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho i-Industrial Revolution iqhubeka, izingxabano zamaNapoleon zishiya inani labantu baseKingsbridge. UNapoleon wethule uhlelo lokuba umbusi wamazwe aseNtshonalanga, futhi le nqubo iba yimbi nakakhulu uma kubhekwa izimo zangaphakathi zedolobha. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwenzeka iMpi YaseWaterloo, lapho izifiki zaseBrithani ziphoqeleka ukuba zilwe ukuze zivikele izimpilo zazo kanye nomhlaba wazo.
Ireferensi yamadolobha aseSpain
Umlando we izikhali zokukhanya kwenzeka ikakhulukazi e-Kingsbridge. Nokho, ezinye izindawo nazo zibaluliwe futhi zichazwe kule noveli. Yilokhu okwenzekayo kwezinye izinkundla zempi eziseSpain, njengeCiudad Rodrigo kanye neVitoria, engaphansi komyalelo kaWellington, ujenene wamaNgisi. UKen Follett udlala ngokugqama okucebile kweplaza eliqinisiwe phakathi kwePortugal neSalamanca.
Lapho, izingxabano eziningana zempi ezilandiswe kuyo izikhali zokukhanya. Ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kwayo njengenoveli yomlando, le ncwadi yenziwe ngezinhlobo eziningana, njenge-adventure, idrama. futhi, yiqiniso, lezo zemvelo yezombangazwe nezokuhlalisana kwabantu. Kusobala ukuthi umbhali uzithakasela kakhulu lezi zihloko zakamuva, nakuba engavumeli izithakazelo zakhe mayelana nepolitiki ziphazamise ukulandisa kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, abanye babagxeki bezinto zakamuva zikaKen Follett baveze ukuthi, nakuba iyincwadi enhle, ingase ibe namakhasi engeziwe.
Mayelana nomlobi, uKen Follett
UKen Follett.
Ken Follett wazalwa ngo-1949, eCardiff, eWales, eGreat Britain. Iqiniso elimangalisayo ngalo mbhali wukuthi abazali bakhe bebengamvumeli ukuthi abukele umabonakude, wakhula elalela izindaba azixoxelwa ngunina, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabe esekuthanda ukufunda izincwadi emtatsheni wezincwadi, okwamenza waba nothando olujulile. okwezincwadi. Kamuva, Ufunde iPhilosophy eNyuvesi yaseLondon, egxile kwiJournalism.
Ngemva kokuthola iziqu zakhe ze-bachelor's, Usebenze ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezifana nendlu yokushicilela i-Everest Books kanye ne Izindaba Zakusihlwa, umsebenzi awenza edolobheni lakubo naseLondon. Ngaleso sikhathi waqala ukubhala ngokusemthethweni, eqala ngenoveli yakhe yokuqala, eyaziwa ngeSpanishi ngokuthi Iso lenaliti. Ukushicilelwa kwayo kwaba yimpumelelo, kwavumela uFollett ukuba azinikele ngokuphelele ezincwadini.
Ezinye izincwadi zikaKen Follett
- Iso Lenaliti (1978);
- Okuthathu (1979);
- Isihluthulelo sikaRebecca - Isihluthulelo sikuRebeca (1980);
- Indoda yaseSt. Petersburg (1982);
- Emaphikweni Okhozi (1983);
- Lala Nezingonyama — Isigodi Sezingonyama (1986);
- Imfihlo Yesitudiyo sika-Kellerman — Imfihlakalo yezitudiyo zika-Kellerman (1087);
- I-Modigliani Scandal (1988);
- Izinsika Zomhlaba (1989);
- Imali Yephepha (1991);
- Ubusuku Phezu Kwamanzi (1991);
- Amawele Amandla - Imfihlakalo Yeplanethi Yezikelemu (1991);
- Inhlanhla Eyingozi (1993);
- Indawo Ethiwa Inkululeko (1995);
- Iwele Lesithathu (1996);
- Isando sase-Edene - Emlonyeni Wedrako (1998);
- Ikhodi kuZiro — Dlala kabili (2000);
- Jackdaws - Ingozi Ephezulu (2001);
- Indiza Ye-Hornet - Indiza yokugcina (2002);
- Whiteout - On target (2005);
- Umhlaba ongenasiphelo (2007);
- Ukuwa Kwemidondoshiya (2010);
- Ubusika Bomhlaba (2012);
- Umphetho Waphakade - Umbundu wephakade (2014);
- Ikholomu Yomlilo - Ikholomu yomlilo (2017);
- Notre Dame (2019);
- Ukuhlwa nokusa - Ubumnyama nokusa (2020);
- Ungalokothi— Ungalokothi (2021).