Lapho abantu bexhumana, bavame ukusebenzisa amagama njengethuluzi lokuveza izenzakalo ezithile. Ngale ndlela, umuntu uhlala evusa imicabango yakhe, evezwa ngokuchaza abantu, izilwane, izinto, imibono noma izifiso.
Ngokusho kweRoyal Academy yaseSpain, ukuchaza ukuthi "ukuveza, ukudweba, ukuthola okuthile, ukukumela ngendlela enikeza umqondo ogcwele wako”. Ukwengeza, i-RAE ikhomba incazelo yesibili: "imele umuntu noma into ethile ngolimi, ibhekisela noma ichaze izingxenye zayo ezihlukene, izimfanelo noma izimo."
uyini umbhalo ochazayo?
Ukumelela lo mqondo akunakwenzeka ukuba ungangeni ku-paradox yokuqinisekisa, ngoba, ngokuqondile, umuntu kufanele asebenzise inqubo yokuchaza. Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, umbhalo ochazayo yiwo osetshenziswa ukusho isihloko, isihloko noma into ethile.
Ngakho-ke, akukhona nje ukukhomba (ukukhuluma) into, isidalwa esiphilayo noma isenzakalo esicutshungulwa ngobuhlakani. Kunalokho, kufanele ubhekisele kuzimpawu zento ethile ngendlela (eyimpoqo) efanele ukuzethula, ngomlomo noma ngokubhala. Ngalesi sizathu, umbhalo ochazayo (wohlobo lwenhloso) ubalulekile ekubhaleni kwesayensi.
Amakilasi ombhalo achazayo
Kuzo zonke izinto ezilotshiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisa ukuthi inhloso yombhali, umxoxi noma umsakazi inesinqumo esibalulekile noma cha. Le nhloso incike ezingeni kanye nohlobo lokungenela lowo ophethe enquma ukukufaka enkulumweni. Ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwalesi sizathu, umbhalo ungaba inhloso noma ingqikithi.
Umbhalo ochazayo wenhloso
Kulokhu, uhlobo lwesitatimende luncike ekubongeni okuvezwe kumbono (okungenzeka) wokungachemi. Ngokuhambisana, umuntu obhala incazelo ulandisa kumuntu wesithathu futhi asuse noma yimuphi umthwalo wezahlulelo zomuntu siqu. Ngakho-ke, izitatimende zombhalo zilinganiselwe ekuchazeni izici zesihloko noma into, njengoba injalo.
Ngokulandelayo, umbhalo ochazayo oyinhloso itholakala kunoma iyiphi incazelo yobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo: ngokwe-Wikipedia ifu “liyi-hydrometeor ehlanganisa inqwaba ebonakalayo eyakhiwe amakristalu eqhwa noma amaconsi amancane amanzi alenga emkhathini. Amafu asakaza konke ukukhanya okubonakalayo ngakho avela amhlophe ”...
umbhalo ochazayo oqondile
Kwenzeka lapho umuntu echaza isethi yezici ezichazayo zento futhi ukungenelela kuvunyelwe ukunikeza umbono noma ngokumelene nezakhi ezithile. Okungukuthi, Kulolu hlobo lombhalo, ukuba khona kokuhlola kujwayelekile ngokuphelele., izincomo, ukuphikiswa kwezimfanelo ezibonisiwe. Ngakho-ke, umbhalo ochazayo wehlukile kunencazelo yemibhalo.
Isibonelo (uma kuqhathaniswa nencazelo yezobuchwepheshe ye-Wikipedia), umqondo othi "amafu" ngokusho kuka-Azorín: "amafu asinika umuzwa wokungazinzi kanye nengunaphakade. Amafu - njengolwandle - ahlala ehlukahlukene futhi afana njalo. Uma sizibheka, sizwa ukuthi ubukhona bethu nazo zonke izinto zibalekela ize, kuyilapho bona—ababaleka kangako—zihlala phakade.”
Izici zombhalo ochazayo
Uma incazelo "yencazelo" enikezwe i-RAE icatshangelwa, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani umbhalo ochazayo uyisihluthulelo sokuxhumana nabantu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele kucace futhi, noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela ukuhumusha okungacacile noma okudidayo.
ngokunemba
Ukwenza umbhalo ochazayo kubalulekile ukunaka into ephawulwayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwengeza izici zobudlelwano zangaphandle noma ezingaqondile. Ukwengeza, lokhu kunemba kubeka imikhawulo yezici ubukhona bazo obubalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokho kuqina kubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo ezingadingekile ukukhomba.
Ngakho-ke, amafayela ezobuchwepheshe noma ezesayensi ohlotsheni lwezilwane noma ezihlukahlukene ezinikezwe isidalwa esithile amelela isibonelo esihle sokunemba embhalweni ochazayo.. Isibonelo: "Uhlobo lwenja yase-Dalmatian lunoboya obufushane obumhlophe obunamachashazi amnyama, umsila omude kanye nomzimba ozacile" (Bligoo.com, 2020). Kulokhu, imibuzo ephathelene nemvelaphi yesiCroatia yezinja zaseDalmatian iyachithwa.
Ubumbano
Uma into ethile iphakanyiswa ukuze ichazwe, kusetshenziswa ulimi. Ngokuhambisana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi lusetshenziswa kanjani ulimi kanye nesilulumagama esihlobene ngokwanele nento echaziwe. Futhi, kuyadingeka ukuchaza isici esinezimpawu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyinkimbinkimbi noma silula kangakanani.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inhloso yomthumeli womlayezo ihambisana nohlobo lwencazelo (yezobuchwepheshe noma yemibhalo). Isibonelo: uma ufuna ukuchaza ukushona kwelanga, into efaneleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amagama abhekisela emibalabala, isikhathi nendawo. Ngokunjalo, uma ukubhala kuthwala icala lokuziphendulela, kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngezinkumbulo noma imizwa edluliswa yisigameko.
Ukubumbana
Incazelo evumelekile ichaza izimfanelo zomuntu, isilwane noma into ezuzwe ngokulandelana kwamagama noma imisho esiza ukuqonda kwayo. Ngokwalesi sizathu, izici ezihlukile ze-elementi enemininingwane zidinga ukuhleleka noma incazelo ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlakazeka kwemibono kubukela phansi ukuvumelana kokumeleleka.
Isibonelo: isilwane esincelisayo esimpunga esinomboko omkhulu, izindlebe namazinyo akungabazeki ukuthi siyindlovu ngakho-ke sikhulu. Ayincane neze. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, amanoveli ezinganekwane zesayensi kanye nezindaba zenganekwane ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amasegimenti anezinhlaka ezingahlangani ngenhloso yokucwilisa (noma ukudida) abafundi endaweni engenakwenzeka.
Eminye imibhalo yokuhlukanisa embhalweni ochazayo
Umbhalo wokulandisa
Umbhalo wokulandisa ubuye usetshenziswe ukuchaza indawo, isikhashana, umuntu noma into, kodwa lokho ikwenza “ngokukhuluma okuthile”. Isenzo sikhona lapha njengento esemqoka ngoba okubalulekile wukusho ukuthi kwenzekeni futhi kanjani. Bese, umbhalo olandisayo ulandisa iqiniso noma indlela okwenzeka ngayo noma okwenzeka ngayo, kuyilapho echazayo isho izimfanelo kuphela.
Umbhalo ophikisanayo
Lolu hlobo lombhalo luhloselwe ukuchaza ukusebenza kwento noma ukulandelana kwesigameko ngokuvezwa kweqiniso kwezici noma izehlakalo. Le mpikiswano izama ukukholisa umfundi ngobuqiniso bephuzu elishiwo.. Ngokuphambene, umbhalo ochazayo ulinganiselwe ekuboniseni izici zento ngaphandle kokuzama ukuthonya umamukeli.