Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile. Umnotho wezinto ezincane
Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile. Umnotho wezinto ezincane -noma I-Undercover Economist, ngesihloko sayo sokuqala sesiNgisi, iyincwadi ebhalwe isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani, umlobi wephephandaba, umethuli kanye nomlobi uTim Harford. Lo msebenzi washicilelwa okokuqala ngqa ngenxa yendlu yokunyathelisa i-Abacus ngoMeyi 3, 2007. Umbhalo uqhathaniswe ne Freakonomics, nguStephen J. Dubner.
Nokho, yomibili imiqulu ihlobene kuphela ngoba uHarford ucaphuna uDubner esembozweni sencwadi yakhe, njengoba yomibili ikhuluma ngesihloko esifanayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitayela sokulandisa sabo bobabili ababhali kanye nendlela abethula ngayo imiqondo nezisombululo zehluke kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile Kuyisihloko esifanele ukuqala ukufunda ngokuthi umnotho usebenza kanjani.
Amazwibela we Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile
Ezomnotho zibhalelwe abantu abaningi
Ukufunda ezomnotho kuwumsebenzi ogcwele izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umfundi osanda kuqala idigri angase agcwale yonke imiqondo emisha, njengoba kunzima ukuyidlulisela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esidingekayo. Ngalo mqondo, Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile Ingenye yalezo zincwadi eziseceleni kombhede ezingaphelezela noma ubani phakathi nonyaka wokuqala, ngoba kumnandi futhi kuqondile.
Ngokungafani nezihloko eziqondiswe ngokukhethekile kubafundi bezomnotho nochwepheshe kulesi sifundo, Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile igxile ekuchazeni amagama afana nokunwebeka kwentengo kanye nezimpawu zentengo, amandla okushoda, ukwehluleka kwemakethe, izindleko eziphansi, izinto zangaphandle, ulwazi olungalingani kanye nolwazi olungaphelele, ubungozi bokuziphatha, izintengo zesitoko, ukuhamba okungahleliwe kanye nethiyori yegeyimu.
Kusukela ku-microeconomics kuya ku-macroeconomics
Le ncwadi igxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga kwezomnotho, ngenhloso yokuthi bonke abantu bathole lolu lwazi futhi bathuthuke amakhono ezezimali ukuthi bangazisebenzisa ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Ukuyithola, Umbhali akanelisekile ngokubhala imanuwali yabanolwazi, kodwa kunalokho, ngezibonelo ezingokoqobo, iveza amaqiniso ezomnotho athinta zonke izimakethe.
Le ndlela yokusebenza isetshenziswa kusuka ku-micro kuya ku-macro. Okokuqala, imiqondo eyisisekelo kakhulu iyasungulwa, njengokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Kamuva, kuyahlolwa ukuthi kungani izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezizinda zikawoyela ezishibhe kakhulu eSaudi Arabia naseKuwait zingamadola amabili kuphela emgqonyeni ngamunye, kodwa abantu bakhokha amadola angamashumi amahlanu; kungani ukhokha amadola amathathu nge-cappuccino kuyilapho abakhiqizi bekhofi bezwe lesithathu bethola amasenti ambalwa ngenkomishi ngayinye, njll.
Isizinda somnotho ohulumeni abangafuni ukukhuluma ngaso
Tim Harford ikhuluma ngezici ezithile zomnotho eziyimpikiswano, njengesizathu esibangela amanani entengo yesiminyaminya kanye nendlela lokhu okusetshenziselwa ngayo ukunqanda ukungcola. Izizathu zokwehluleka kwezimali ngemuva kohlelo lomshwalense wezempilo wase-US, kanye nokubikezelwa kwemakethe yamasheya, nazo ziyabuzwa.
Kungase kubonakale sengathi yonke into echazweyo iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ikhanda elithile kumfundi. Nokho, U-Tim Harford uyichaza ngendlela eseduze nengokoqobo kangangokuthingisho kumnandi ukufunda Kungani amazwe ampofu ehlala empofu nokuthi i-Chica ikwazi kanjani ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umbuso emhlabeni kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ukusho okungenani.
Isakhiwo somsebenzi
Isazi sezomnotho esifihlekile Ihlukaniswe yaba izahluko eziyishumi. Ezokuqala eziyisikhombisa zinikeza umfundi ithuba lokuqonda izimiso ezibalulekile emkhakheni we-microeconomics. Ngokwengxenye yabo, abathathu bokugcina bathatha indlela ehlukile njengoba umlobi engena endaweni ye-macroeconomics.
Ngale ndlela, umbhali uzinikele ekuhloleni imibuzo ethokozisayo nehambisana nesikhathi ngokulinganayo mayelana nokukhula komnotho, uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuncintisana noma ithiyori yenzuzo yokuqhathanisa. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, yiqiniso, akukwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle, okuye kwakhulunywa ngakho njenge-taboo futhi njengenzuzo ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
Incazelo ngeCameroon, China kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke
Ukuze uqonde imiqondo eshiwo ngenhla, Umbhali wethula isimo iCameroon ebhekene naso njengesibonakaliso esivamile sobumpofu phakathi kwamazwe omhlaba wesithathu. Lapha kugqanyiswa izindima ezidlalwa inkohlakalo, izikhungo ezibuthaka kanye nezithiyo zohwebo. Ngokuphambene, isahluko sokugcina sibonisa ukuthi iShayina yaba kanjani umbuso womhlaba.
Isahluko sesishiyagalolunye sikhuthaza inkulumo-mpikiswano ebalulekile lapho izindaba eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke zihlaziywa ngamagama ambalwa. Lapha, UMnu. Harford uchitha ngesibindi izimpikiswano ezimbalwa mayelana imithelela engemihle kwezemvelo nokunye ububi obuhambisana nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Akumangazi ukuthi wakhetha izibonelo zaseCameroon neChina ukuze asekele umbono wakhe.
Mayelana nombhali, uTim Harford
U-Tim Harford wazalwa ngo-September 27, 1973, eNgilandi, e-United Kingdom. Waziwa ngokuba ngusomnotho ovelele, kanjalo nokwethula Ngithembe, ngiyisazi sezomnotho, uhlelo lwe-BBC. Umbhali uphinde wafunda iziqu ze-Economics eNyuvesi yase-Oxford. Ngokunjalo, waphothula iziqu ze-master endaweni efanayo. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu wangenela njengomfundaze I-Financial Times.
Kamuva, wajoyina i-International Finance Corporation. Kamuva, wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba umhleli oyinhloko wesigaba sezomnotho se- Financial Times, iphephandaba aphinde abe yilungu lebhodi labahleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ngo-2007 waqala ukusebenzisana njengomphathi wohlelo Okuningi noma ngaphansi, evela ku-BBC Radio 4. IHarford igqama ngokuthambekela kwayo ukudala okuqukethwe okuqondakalayo kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ezinye izincwadi zikaTim Harford
- Imakethe Yosizo (2005). Ngokubambisana noMichael Klein;
- I-Logic of Life - Umqondo ofihliwe wempilo (2008);
- Sawubona Usomnotho Othandekayo: Izeluleko Eziyigugu Ngemali, Umsebenzi, Ucansi, Izingane Nezinye Izinselele Zempilo - Buza usomnotho ozifihlile (2009);
- Hlela: Kungani Impumelelo Ihlala Iqala Ngokuhluleka - Guqula (2011);
- I-Undercover Economist Ibuyela Emuva: Indlela Yokugijima-noma Yokuchitha-Umnotho - Isazi sezomnotho esizifihlile sihlasela futhi (2014);
- Messy - Amandla okuphazamiseka (2017).