Yini inoveli yomlando?

Inoveli yomlando iyisizinda esilandisayo esizungezwe izehlakalo ezingaguquki zangempela njengehange lesakhiwo salo., ukukwazi ukusebenzisa noma ukungasebenzisi nokuhlanganisa izinhlamvu zangempela ezinezinto eziqanjiwe. Umsuka wayo ubuyela emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ngesikhathi se-European Romanticism. Kusuka esandleni sababhali abanjengoVíctor Hugo, Fontane noma uJames Fenimore Cooper, phakathi kwabanye.

Encwadini yomlando wase-Hispanic-American, u-Ana García Herranz (2009) uyakhomba:

“… Ifaka phakathi cishe amakhulu amabili amanoveli adonsela emlandweni ukucushwa kwawo, kepha lokho kugcina ukufana okumbalwa okusemthethweni phakathi kwabo; Isiqephu sikazwelonke kanye neveli yomlando waseSpain-American yangemva kwesimanje ivezwe ngokukhethekile ngobunye babo, okufanele bube yizinhlaka ezimbili ngaphakathi kohlobo lomlando wenoveli ”.

Imvelo

Mayelana nalokhu, uKurt Spang (s / f) uyachaza:

“Inoveli yomlando, ngenxa yobunjalo bayo, iphakamisa inkinga ethize ngoba idlulela emkhakheni wezincwadi, okungukuthi, ngomqondo othile ibamba iqhaza ezingeni lokuqala, lelo lokuxhumana ngomlomo okungajwayelekile. Kepha akusona umlando omsulwa futhi futhi akuyona indaba emsulwa noma inoveli: yakha "i-hiatus phakathi kwenganekwane nomlando."

Luhlobo — lokukhetha phakathi— uhlobo lokuxhumana ngomlomo okungelona iqiniso elinezinga elithile lokukhishwa. Kuwo, uhlaka olwalandisa ngemicimbi lusekelwe ngokuphelele ocwaningweni olusemthethweni, olubhalwe phansi, nolwesekelwa kahle. Yize ukulandisa kuhambisana nombono wombhali, izinto eziqanjiwe akumele zidlule umnyombo wezehlakalo zangempela.

Izici

Namuhla, inoveli yomlando luhlobo oluyimpumelelo, nababhali abazivumelanise nezinoveli ezahlukahlukene ezisemthethweni.. Njengesici esivamile zihlala zihlanganisa isikhathi esibonwayo ngaphakathi kwe-Epoch. Ngakho-ke, ingabonisa ukuqagela kwangempela kwesikhathi esedlule ngamadivayisi wemibhalo ye-meta-fiction kanye nomlingiswa odumile.

Isiqephu sikazwelonke senoveli yomlando

Bachaza isiqephu somlando ngokusebenzisa ama-protagonists angamaqhawe, noma, okungenani, ngezimfanelo ezihambisana nesibindi. Ngokunjalo, kumanoveli omlando kazwelonke inkomba ibhekiswe esikhathini esedlule sombhali, lapho umbalisi engufakazi wokuzibonela onombono wokuzithoba. Lezi zici zicace bha ezingxabanweni ze- Iziqephu zikazwelonke nguGaldós noma Indandatho yase-Iberia YaseValle-Inclán.

Ngendlela efanayo, umnyombo wenoveli yomlando yesiqephu sikazwelonke ivame ukuba kude nezindaba zothando noma eziyimfihlakalo. Lapho, kufakazelwa izehlakalo zomlando eziqinisekisiwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokuqanjwa. Ngalesi sizathu, ikhombisa inhloso yemfundo yezepolitiki, enezimpawu ezicacile zokwenza okuthile.

Inoveli yomlando wesimanje

Kulolu hlobo lwenoveli yomlando izingxenye ezivamile zivame ukuhlanekezelwa ngamabomu ngokuba khona kwezinsizakusebenza ezenziwa ngaphandle kwehaba, ihaba nehaba noma ukweqiwa. Lokho wukuthi, inhloso yayo isondele ekwenzeni ukufunda okucabangele okwedlule esikhundleni sokubonisa ukulandisa okuhambisana nomlando osemthethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenzisa izibalo zomlando ezaziwayo (zesigaba sokuqala) futhi usebenzisa izinkomba eziningi zemibhalo. "Imibhalo engamanga" ivumelekile uma ingashintshi kakhulu ingqikithi yomcimbi okhonjiwe womlando. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nenoveli yomlando yesiqephu sikazwelonke, i-parody ivame kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zanoveli yomlando

Inoveli yomlando yokuzikhohlisa

Encwadini yomlando oyinkohliso, umbhali uzama ukumboza imicimbi echazwe ngeveli leqiniso nobunyoninco. Ngenxa yalokho, inhloso ukwenza umqondo wobuqiniso kumbono wombalisi. Ngakho-ke, izindima ezilungiselelwe ngumlobi ezinobufakazi obuqinisekisa inguqulo yakhe yemicimbi azimangazi. Noma kunjalo, lobu bufakazi bungasekela kuphela ingxenye yendaba.

Ngokwengeziwe, ingxenye yezenkolo iyabhekelwa ukucacisa isikhundla sombalisi (nokubandakanyeka) kwakhe emicimbini. Amandla okubamba wombhali ukwethula amaqiniso ngendlela ecishe ifane nayo ibalulekile. ESpain, iziqu ezifana IDoña Blanca de Navarra nguNavarro Villoslada noma INkosi yaseBembibre de Gil noCarrasco, bamele le subgenus.

Inoveli yomlando yokulwa nokukhohlisa

Inoveli yomlando wokulwa nenkohliso yavela kakhulu eYurophu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX ngokwamukelwa kabanzi kuze kube namuhla. Kuyo, isazi-mlando ngokuvamile sikhombisa ukuchema okukhulu emicimbini echazwe ngenxa yokuchazwa kabusha kwemicimbi eseceleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, umbhali kufanele aqoqe umugqa wendaba kufaka phakathi izingxenye eziqanjiwe kuphela.

Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa noveli yomlando wezinkolelo ezingekho emthethweni, lesi sizathu siveza umbalisi ozithoba kakhulu. Lapho isikhundla se-rapporteur sikude futhi singathinteki kangako ngokwakhiwa kwemicimbi. Lesi sici singabonakala ku Ama-Ides kaMashi ngeWilder noma ku- Amabhizinisi kaMnu Julius Caesar weBrent.

Amanoveli amahlanu omlando wendawo yonke

Impi Yokuphela Kwezwe ngu-Mario Vargas Llosa

Kule noveli, UVargas Llosa kuthatha umongo inguquko yeCanudos eyenzeka eBrazil ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Lapho, ukungabi nabulungiswa kanye nemvelo eyingozi yaholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvukela abantu ababengenalo ifa" ngenxa yemiyalelo yeKhansela. Lapho inkolo nemfihlakalo iba yinto eyodwa ekwazi ukuvusa abacindezelwe emandleni.

Umndeni wamabhere nguJean Marie Auel

Intatheli ithatha lesi senzo kuze kube sigaba sokugcina se-Ice Age, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kubangele ukuhlukaniswa kwentombazane eneminyaka emihlanu - u-Ayla - esizweni sakhe. Uyakwazi ukusinda ngenxa yeqembu lamaNeanderthal amnikeza indawo yokuhlala nokuvikelwa. Kodwa umholi wesikhathi esizayo womndeni akaqedi ukwamukela ubukhona bakhe futhi asongele ubukhona bentombazanyana. Kodwa-ke, uvikelwe ngumoya weCave Lion.

AmaTalos aseSparta ngu-Valerio Massimo Manfredi

UTalos wasindiswa nguHelot omdala (iqembu lobuzwe elaligqilazwa) lapho eshiywe njengomhlatshelo ezimpisini nguyise uqobo, u-Aristarcos, isicukuthwane saseSparta.. Lokhu kunqunywe yisiko lasendulo lamaSpartan. UTalos uyakhula futhi abe ngumfanekiso wesiprofetho: U-Aristodemus, inkosi yokugcina yeHelot eyayimiselwe ukukhulula abantu bayo.

Mina, uClaudio nguRobert Graves

Umbhali uthathe imisebenzi kaTacitus, Plutarch noSuetonius njengesisekelo sempikiswano yakhe edumile, ekhombisa umlando kaTiberius Claudius uqobo. Ibuyisa izikhathi ezinegazi lobukhosi bukaJulio-Claudius kanye noMbuso WaseRoma, kusukela ekubulaweni kukaJulius Caesar (44 BC) kuya ekubulaweni kukaCaligula (41 BC). Ingenye ye- amanoveli omlando aziwa kakhulus sonke isikhathi.

IziKronike zempi nguBernard Cornwell

Ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwamaRoma eBrithani, kwaqubuka umzabalazo wokuvala isikhala sombuso esenziwe. UMordred, indlalifa (esewusana) wenkosi ephakeme, u-Uther Pendragon, uvikelwe iqhawe elingu-Arthur, livikelwe ngumthakathi uMerlin. Lesi sakamuva singumlingiswa ongekho emthethweni kaPendragon ofisa ukugcina ubumbano lombuso futhi awuvimbe ungangeni ngaphansi kwejoka lamaSaxon.

Lesi sihloko siyi-trilogy, enezincwadi ezilandelayo:

• Inkosi yasebusika.
• Isitha sikaNkulunkulu.
• Excalibur