Yini ongayenza uma unezinyanga ezimbili zokuphila? Ukuxoxisana noSantiago Díaz, umbhali weTalión

Siyajabula ukuba nanamuhla kubhulogi yethu nge USantiago Diaz Cortes (IMadrid, 1971), Umbhali wemibhalo yethelevishini engaphezu kwama-500. ISantiago yiyona umbhali wenoveli mnyama ehambisa abafundi: I-Talion, enyatheliswa yiPlaneta.

I-Talion Kuyinoveli ephula izikimu zalolu hlobo. Kudlala inkanyezi UMarta Aguilera, owesifazane obandayo, onesizungu, onobudlelwano obusanda kuphela, ongenamndeni, ongenabo ubudlelwano bomoya. UMarta uyintatheli futhi, ngenkathi ephenya inethiwekhi yokushushumbisa izikhali ephephandabeni lakhe, uthola izindaba ezizoshintsha isiphetho sakhe: isimila sisongela impilo yakhe futhi Kusasele izinyanga ezimbili ukuthi aphile. Into eshaqisayo ngalesi simo ukuthi uMarta Aguilera Unquma ukusebenzisa lezo zinyanga ezimbili ukwenza ubulungiswa, esebenzisa umthetho weTalión.

Actualidad Literatura: Inoveli, I-Talion, kanye nemibuzo emibili yomfundi: Yini obungayenza uma unezinyanga ezimbili zokuphila? Futhi kuvumelekile yini ukusebenzisa umthetho wempindiselo ezigebengwini eziphindaphindayo: abanukubezi, amaphekula, abashushumbisi besifazane, amaqembu ayizishoshovu ezinodlame ...?

Ulindele ukusabela okunjani kubafundi bakho lapho befunda inoveli yakho? Yiziphi izinguquko ofuna ukuzenza kithina?

ISantiago Díaz Cortés: Njengoba ushilo, ngifuna umfundi abuze leyo mibuzo emibili. Ngicabanga ukuthi njengoba iningi lethu linezibopho ezingokomzwelo, sizochitha izinyanga ezimbili nemindeni yethu nabangane. Kepha kuthiwani uma sikwazi ukukhipha leyo ngxenye equation futhi besisodwa emhlabeni? Ngabe sizolala ngempela olwandle noma sizame ukwenza uphawu lwethu? Angazi ukuthi okwenziwa nguMarta Aguilera kulungile yini, kepha kuyindlela yakhe. Mayelana nombuzo wesibili, sonke ekuqaleni siphendula ngokuthi akufanelekile ukusebenzisa umthetho wokuziphindiselela, kepha njengoba kufundwa kuqhubeka futhi sihlangana nezisulu nabantu ababi, lokho kuvikeleka kokuqala kuyantengantenga futhi singazithola sifisa ukuthi uMarta abhubhise abantu ababi abangenalo uzwela. Ekugcineni, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi esimnandi sokufunda indaba ethokozisayo, ngifuna ukunika abafundi ikhefu.

AL: Ngesihloko sokujula okunje nemibuzo emibili eqonde ngqo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, uthole izimpendulo eziningi? Ngabe kukhona abafundi ababelane nawe ukuthi bangenzani?

I-SDC: Abafundi abaningi beTalión baqinisekisa ukuthi, esimweni esifanayo ne-protagonist, bazothatha nabakhohlisi abambalwa ngaphambili. Ngokwethembeka, ngikholwa ukuthi sikusho lokho ngenxa yentukuthelo kwesinye isikhathi esikhiqiza ukubona ukuthi ezinye izigebengu ezibhekene namacala ashaqisayo azikhokhi ngendlela ebesingathanda ngayo. Kepha okwamanje iqiniso, sesiphucukile futhi sonke siyabethemba ubulungiswa, yize kwesinye isikhathi singavumelani futhi siphume siye emigwaqweni siyobhikisha, into ebonakala ibaluleke kakhulu kimi. Uma singawusebenzisa umthetho wokuphindisela futhi, impucuko yethu ibingabuyela emuva emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka.

AL: Isifiso sikaMarta Aguilera sokuziphindisela kuningi ukukhungatheka nemizwelo elimele: kusukela ekungathandekeni komphakathi ezenzweni zodlame olunonya olungahlawuliswa kuze kube yisizungu ahlala kuso eshukunyiswa ukungakwazi okungapheli ukuzizwa uzwela. «Iqiniso ukuthi angikhumbuli ngike ngizizwe nginecala nganoma yini.»Kuqinisekisa umlingiswa oyinhloko kwesinye isikhathi kule noveli.

Yini ebaluleke kakhulu esinqumweni sikaMarta? Yini okufanele yenzeke kumuntu ukuze kuthi, azi ukuthi uzojeziswa, anqume ukusebenzisa umthetho weTalión futhi enze ubulungiswa lapho ebheka ukuthi akekho?

I-SDC: Okucindezela uMarta ukuthi enze lokho akwenzayo, ngaphandle kwalokhu kuntuleka kozwelo okukhulumayo, akunalo ikusasa futhi akubi nemiphumela yezenzo zakhe, hhayi yena noma labo abaseduze kwakhe. Kuyo yonke le ndaba uhlangana nabalingiswa abadinga umuntu ozobenzela ubulungiswa futhi okuthile ngaphakathi kuye kuqala ukushintsha. Ngokuphazima kweso, futhi mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesosimila, uqala ukuzwa izinto ngalabo abaseduze kwakhe, uzwa umuzwa ebengawazi ngaphambili bese kuvela inzondo ngalabo asebonakalise impilo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, njengoba esho, unquma ukushiya lo mhlaba ehlanza ukungcola okuthile ...

AL: Le noveli inohlangothi olungu-A, uMarta Aguilera, ezimisele ngokunikela ngamasonto akhe okugcina empilo ukuze enze ubulungiswa kwezenhlalo kanye no-B, uDaniela Gutiérrez, umhloli wamaphoyisa ophethe ukumgcina yize ebekwe icala lokuthukuthela nokufisa ukuziphindiselela. , ngemuva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe nenye yezingane zakhe ngesikhathi samaphekula. Ingabe umbuzo wesithathu kumfundi, ngabe yini abebengayenza ukube bebesezicathulweni zikaDaniela?

I-SDC: Kuze kube yimanje lapho sazi indaba yomuntu siqu kaMhloli Gutiérrez - yize ahlukunyezwa yizisulu ezinjengoNicoleta, u-Eric noma uJesús Gala "Pichichi" - besikwazile ukuzigcina siphephile emoyeni, kepha ngenkathi sihamba noDaniela njengowesifazane, sahlupheka wakhe ububi bezigebengu futhi saqala ukuzibeka endaweni yakhe. Yini ebesizoyenza uma sehlelwa inhlekelele ngokuqondile? U-Inspector Gutiérrez, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, uyazi ukuthi kufanele ahlale ngaphakathi komthetho, kepha isidingo sokuziphindisela kwesinye isikhathi sinamandla kakhulu futhi kunzima kuye ukuzibamba. Lokho kuyamsondeza kunombulali okumele amlandele futhi uyangabaza ...

AL: Izimo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu kunoveli yakho. IMadrid yasebusuku, lapho kugobhoza khona imali phakathi kwezidakamizwa nobufebe obutofotofo, neMadrid yosizi, yamakhelwane lapho kushushumbiswa khona izidakamizwa futhi izingane zihlala zilahliwe. Ngisho nengxenye ezweni laseBasque, eGuipúzcoa. Ngabe yini inyakatho yeSpain enanoveli yobugebengu okuthi noma isikhashana ifuna ukusondela kuyo?

I-SDC: Kimi uqobo, noma ngithumele abalingiswa bami noma ngizinyakazise, ​​ngiyayithanda inyakatho yeSpain ... yize iqiniso likhona njengaseningizimu. Isimanga sezwe lethu ukuthi sinakho konke esikufunayo ngaphakathi kokuphonswa kwetshe. Enyakatho ngijabulela isimo sezulu, ukudla nezindawo ezibukeka kahle, kanti eningizimu ngithokozela ulwandle nokukhanya. IDowntown kulapho ngihlala khona nalapho iningi leTalión lenzeka khona, kepha sathuthela ezweni laseBasque ukuyoxoxa ngodaba lwe-ETA. Kuyingxenye yomlando wethu wakamuva futhi, naphezu kokuzisola, siyizwe elithuthukile futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi akudingeki sizihlole. Zonke ezinye izindawo engizivezayo, ezinye zazo ezinjengeLa Cañada Real, zikhona ngempela. Ukufunda ukuphela kwendlela yokungena kulezo zindawo futhi uzizwe uvikelekile.

AL: Ngabe siyoke simbone uMhloli uDaniela Gutiérrez kumanoveli akho?

I-SDC:  Yize kungakaqiniseki, ngingathi yebo, noma ngabe kukhona ingxenye yesibili yeTalión noma icala elisha elingahlangene nale ndaba. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngikwazile ukudala umlingiswa onamandla kakhulu abafundi abaningi abangathanda ukumbona futhi endaweni yobugebengu.

AL: Izikhathi zenguquko kwabesifazane: ubufazi sebuphenduke into enkulu, yinto ebhekiswe kwabaningi hhayi kumaqembu amancane ambalwa wabesifazane ababekelwe amabala ngenxa yalokho. Abalingisi ababili besifazane benoveli yakho yokuqala, umbulali namaphoyisa. Uthini umyalezo wakho emphakathini ngendima yabesifazane neqhaza esilibambayo ngalesi sikhathi?

I-SDC: Ngikholwa wukuthi sisondela esikhathini lapho kungasidonseli amehlo ukuthi umongameli wezwe elithile, umqondisi wenhlangano yamazwe amaningi noma imbulali mbumbulu ngabesifazane. Lapho sima ukukhuluma ngakho, kuzoba lapho sesikutholile ngempela ukulingana okusamelana nezinye izici. Ngenhlanhla, imachismo iyaqedwa kancane kancane kuze kufike usuku lapho izonyamalala ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi amadoda avame ukuzizwa esatshiswa. Nami ngokwami ​​ngiyangabaza kule ngxoxo ukuthi ngibhekise kulabo abathenga iTalión njengabafundi noma njengabafundi, futhi lokho akusisizi ukwenza isimo sibe sesimweni esihle, futhi engicabanga ukuthi, ngemuva kwakho konke, yilokho okufanele sikufise.

AL: Ngemuva kokubhala umbhalo ochungechungeni olube yimpumelelo kakhulu futhi eminingi yawo ibanzi kakhulu ezahlukweni ezinjengo-El Secreto de Puente Viejo, ephelezelwa yithimba lababhali bemibhalo, ngabe usizwile isizungu sombhali wenoveli?

I-SDC: Yebo. Uma ubhala iskripthi, imvamisa uyingxenye yethimba futhi unozakwenu enizoxoxa nabo ngeziqephu, ngoba sonke sikhuluma ulimi olufanayo futhi sihamba ngendlela eyodwa. Ngesikhathi sokubhalwa kukaTalión, yize nganginomfowethu uJorge (futhi ongumbhali nombhali wesikrini) nozakwethu ukuphawula ngokungabaza kwami, kufanele uthathe izinqumo uwedwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubhala inoveli ngaphandle kwemingcele ezungeze uchungechunge lwethelevishini noma i-movie (isabelomali, abalingisi, amasethi ...) kungijabulisile. Ngijabulele inkululeko ebengingayazi kuze kube manje.

AL: USantiago Díaz ungumfundi kanjani? Iyiphi leyo ncwadi oyikhumbula ngothando olukhethekile, ukuthi ikududuza ukuyibona eshalofini lakho futhi uyifunda futhi ngezikhathi ezithile? Noma imuphi umbhali ozithandayo, uhlobo oluthengayo kuphela olushicilelwe?

I-SDC: Ngithanda ukufunda konke kusuka kumanoveli omlando (ngizibonakalisa nginothando ngoSantiago Posteguillo nangama-trilogies akhe ngababusi baseRoma) kubabukeli bakaManel Loureiro, izinkondlo zikaMarwan (ebengingamazi kuze kube muva nje, kepha ngiyavuma ukuthi ngithole kuye okhethekile ukuzwela), ukwesaba kukaStephen King futhi, noveli yobugebengu. Kulomkhakha ngithanda ababhali abaningi, kusuka kwabakudala abanjengo-Agatha Christie, Arthur Conan Doyle, Patricia Highsmith, James Ellroy noma uTruman Capote kuya kuDon Winslow, uDennis Lehane ... Ngokuqondene nababhali baseSpain, kuphoqelekile ukuthi kushiwo uManuel Vázquez Montalbán , Lorenzo Silva, Dolores Redondo, Alicia Giménez Bartlett, Juan Madrid, Eva García Sáenz de Urturi ...

Incwadi engiyifunda njalo ngezikhathi ezithile "Izinombolo zezindlovu" ngomfowethu uJorge Díaz, enye yamanoveli amahle kakhulu engihlangabezane nawo empilweni yami yonke, ngiqinisile impela.

Futhi umbhali wami engimthandayo… Ngaphambi kukaPaul Auster, kodwa manje sesithukuthele.

AL: Incwadi yedijithali noma iphepha?

I-SDC: Iphepha, kepha ngiyabona ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi idijithali inethezeke kakhulu, ngoba ngemizuzu embalwa unakho konke okufunayo onakho.

AL: Ukudunwa kwemibhalo: Inkundla yabalobi abasha yokuzenza baziwe noma umonakalo ongalungiseki ekukhiqizweni kwemibhalo?

I-SDC: Ukulimala okungenakulungiswa ekukhiqizweni kwemibhalo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubabhali. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi abantu bafuna ukonga ama-euro ambalwa, kepha siphila emphakathini futhi kufanele uphucuke futhi ucabange ngomzamo odingekayo ukubhala inoveli ukuze kamuva, ngokuchofoza inkinobho, igqekeziwe futhi konke kusebenze konakele. Ukuphanga kochungechunge, ama-movie, umculo noma izincwadi kufanele kulandelwe kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwangenza ngangihlekisa kakhulu ukukhuluma ngelinye ilanga nomshayeli wetekisi owayekhala ngabashayeli abazimele abalanda abagibeli, ebabiza ngabaphangi ngoba bengayikhokhi intela, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wavuma engenamahloni ukuthi wayephanga uchungechunge lwethelevishini.

 AL: Isimo sezinkundla zokuxhumana senza izinhlobo ezimbili zababhali, labo abazenqabayo nalabo abazithandayo. Yisiphi isici esibaluleke kakhulu kuwe, esokuxhumana nabantu abaningi noma leso sombhali onesizungu okhetha umsebenzi wakhe ukuba umkhulumele?

I-SDC: Ngiyabazonda futhi ngichitha nesikhathi esiningi nabo. Ngine-akhawunti eyodwa ye-Facebook engingayisebenzisi neze, yize sengiqala ukubona ukubaluleka kwayo. Ngifisa sengathi ngingabanaki, kodwa ngesaba ukuthi ngizonqotshwa kubo kungekudala noma kamuva ... (i-PS: empeleni, sengivele nginqotshwe futhi ngavula i-akhawunti ye-Twitter: @sdiazcortes)

AL: Yiziphi izikhathi ezikhethekile zomsebenzi wakho owake waphila nalezo ofuna ukuzibona? Labo ongathanda ukutshela abazukulu bakho ngolunye usuku.

I-SDC: Okukhetheke kakhulu kwaba lapho ngithola ucingo lokuqala luvela kuPuri Plaza, umhleli wami wePlaneta, engitshela ukuthi iTalión ifundwe nokuthi ubethandekile. Futhi ngosuku engathola ngalo ikhophi yokuqala endlini yami, engabona umlingani wami ejabule lapho ngifunda ukwaziswa futhi, nakanjani, nokwethulwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule e-El Corte Inglés Cultural Area, lapho ngangizungezwe yibo bonke abangane bami.

Okuzayo angikakwazi, kepha ngithemba ukuthi izinto zingehlela okungenani njengokuhle ...

AL: Ukuvala, njengenjwayelo, ngizokubuza umbuzo osondelene kakhulu ongabuzwa umbhali: Kungani ubhala?

I-SDC: Okokuqala, ngoba angicabangi ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono yokuziphilisa kunokuxoxa izindaba. Angazi noma umbhali uzalwe noma wenziwe yini, engingakuqinisekisa ukuthi angazi ukuthi ngenza kanjani okunye futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu ngingajabula kakhulu. Phambi kwekhibhodi ukuthi ngiyazi kanjani indlela yokuziveza.   

Ngiyabonga uSantiago Díaz Cortés, ngikufisela impumelelo eminingi kuzo zonke izinhlaka zakho, ukuthi umugqa ungapheli futhi, ngemuva kokuthi usixhumile ngawo I-Talion, silangazelela inoveli yakho elandelayo.