Ines nenjabulo.
U-Agnes nenjabulo (2010) ungowokuqala we- Iziqephu zempi engapheli, eyadalwa ngumbhali waseSpain u-Almudena Grandes. Isaga sigxile "emzabalazweni waphakade wenkululeko" osuvele eSpain ngemuva kwempi kuze kube namuhla. Umugqa wesakhiwo sochungechunge uchaza ushintsho kwezenhlalo, ezamasiko nezingqondo, ezivezwa ngabalingiswa abathathu bezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene.
En U-Agnes nenjabulo, umbhali usebenzisa isitayela sokulandisa esinezici zokufundisa ngenkathi ecabanga "ngezinkinga zokuziphatha noma zokuziphatha lapho ebhekene nokunye". Ngokusho kuka-Ingrid Lindström Leo (Mid Sweden University, 2012), abakwaGrandes basebenzisa lezi zinhlaka "ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhle nokubi, okuhle nokubi". Ngenxa yalokho, imibhalo yakhe ihlanganisa imicimbi yangempela yomlando nabalingiswa nezimo eziqanjiwe. Ngokulandisa kwayo okufeze kahle nendaba, le ncwadi iphakathi kokuhamba phambili kwe-Almudena Grandes.
Mayelana nomlobi, u-Almudena Grandes
U-Almudena Grandes Hernández wazalelwa eMadrid, eSpain, ngoMeyi 7, 1960. Ngaphambi kokuzinikela ngokugcwele ezincwadini, waphothula izifundo zeFakhalthi YeJografi kanye Nomlando eComplutense University of Madrid. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezincwadi ngo-1989 njengombhali wamakhophi ama-encyclopedia. Ngemuva kwalokho, useneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, ungene ngempumelelo ezinhlotsheni zokulandisa, amanoveli avusa inkanuko, izindaba ezimfishane, imilando kanye namanoveli. Ungowesifazane ocabanga ngokweqile, imisho yakhe igcwele ukujula okuncomekayo.
Okuthunyelwe kwakho kokuqala, Iminyaka kaLulu (1989) kwaba impumelelo yokuhlela, yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kwezingama-20. Ngokwengeziwe, uGranes uyintatheli nombhali wesikrini; Igama lakhe limataniswa nemithombo yezindaba ehlonishwayo njengephephandaba El País noma i-String SER. U-Agnes nenjabulo Kungokwesishiyagalombili kwezinoveli zakhe eziyishumi nantathu ezishicilelwe kuze kube manje, ohlwini lwemisebenzi efaka ukuguqulelwa kwamafilimu ayisikhombisa.
Umlando nezombusazwe zomsebenzi
U-Almudena Grandes wakhuthazwa ukuhlasela kwe-Arán Valley, eCatalonia, ukuthuthukisa impikiswano U-Agnes nenjabulo. Kwakuwukuhlasela kwezempi okwenziwa eFrance ngabashokobezi bamakhomanisi baseSpain ngesikhathi sokuwa kuka-1944. Kule ncwadi, uGrandes udalula izingqikithi ezintathu eziqhubekayo emsebenzini wakhe: isikhathi sangemva kwempi, ushintsho lwaseSpain, kanye nesimo sakhe sezepolitiki esinxele.
Ngokusho kukaSantos Sanz-Villanueva (El Cultural, 2010), “AbakwaGrandes bakudlulela ukuhluleka ukusebenza kwezempi kuze kube ukuguqula kube yisigaba sokuziphatha okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi kwembula ukukhonjiswa komkhondo wabathile abalingiswa. Lokhu kumholela ekutheni alandelele isenzo esilandisayo abuyele eRiphabhuliki futhi afinyelele izindaba zamanje ngamanothi ngamanye ”
Abalingiswa (nabaphenyi) be U-Agnes nenjabulo
Yize impi ibalulekile, iningi lale noveli ligxile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-protagonist, u-Inés. Uvela njengezwi eliyinhloko - kumuntu wokuqala - endabeni echaza ngohambo lwabadingiswa baseRiphabhuliki baseSpain eFrance. Ezigabeni eziningana ukulandisa kwenziwa nguFernando Garitano (obizwa ngegama elithi Galán), oba ngumyeni ka-Inés.
UGalán uchaza — futhi ngomuntu wokuqala — indlela yokuphila yabalingiswa bangempela beqembu lamaKhomanisi laseSpain. Phakathi kwabo, uJesús Monzón Reparaz, uDolores Ibárruri (Pasionaria) noSantiago Carrillo. Kukhona umbalisi wesithathu: umbhali uqobo, olandisa izehlakalo ngaphambi kwempilo yakhe futhi azinikeze iphimbo elifudumele, elazi konke kanye nelokuzibophezela.
U-Almudena Grandes.
Isitayela sokulandisa
AbakwaGrandes abazenzisi babonakala bengakhethi noma babuyekeza izingosi zesikhathi esedlule ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngokomzwelo.. Ngokuphambene nalokho, iveza imininingwane (eyiqiniso nengamanga) njengenhlebo ngobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu bamagama athile omlando. Ngakho-ke, intshisekelo enkulu iyabonakala ezindabeni zothando zabaphikisi, esikhundleni sokungena emicimbini yangempela yokubaluleka kwezwe nakwamanye amazwe.
U-Agnes nenjabulo ngumbhalo ominyene futhi omude, ogcwele izincazelo eziningiliziwe, isenzo esithandekayo nezindaba zesekeli. Laba bazali abavamile - ngokombono wabagxeki abanjengoNick Castior weRevista de Libros (2020) - bangaveza izingxenye "zokufunda okungekho emthethweni". Kunoma ikuphi, abakwaGrandes bathola isithombe esicace bha sabantu balezo zikhathi, ngamasiko abo, izici zabo nobunzima babo.
Isakhiwo senoveli
Le noveli ihlanganisa isikhathi esiphakathi kuka-1936 no-1949, yize ekugcineni ifinyelela ku-1978. Ukunyakaza kwendawo kuletha umfundi eMadrid, Lérida, Bosost, Toulouse naseViella. Le ncwadi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine: Ngaphambi, Ngesikhathi, Ngemuva nangamaKilos amahlanu ama-donuts, aqoqa izahluko eziyishumi nantathu sezizonke. Kodwa-ke, iphethini eqondile ayihlali unomphela, njengoba ama-analepses amaningi, i-ellipsis, ne-prolepsis evela.
Iningi lamakhasi lidlula phakathi kwama-anecdotes ahambelana nesikhathi se-protagonist eToulouse. Kwabahlaziyi bezincwadi ababambelele kakhudlwana, imele isici esiphikisana nenoveli yomlando wendabuko. Ngokunjalo nenkulumo yomlandi owazi konke iyaphindwa ekugxileni kokuzwela okugqamisa uthando njengento yokugqugquzela yonke indaba.
Isifinyezo se- U-Agnes nenjabulo
“Ngabo lobo busuku, wabhala incwadi, ngemuva kwesonto, waphinde wathola enye, kwathi ngakusasa ekuseni weza ezongitshela ukuthi konke sekulungisiwe. Kwakungamlahlekelanga noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukukholisa umngani wabantu bakubo, ohlakaniphe kakhulu, ukuya esigayweni samafutha ayothenga uwoyela ngentengo yeFuensanteño, bese ethola indlela yokuyithumela eMadrid, kusuka lapho omunye umngani wakhe, kanye nokuthi yena, kanye nomsebenzi enkampanini yezokuthutha, ubengasithumela yona ngokushesha nje lapho ethola imbobo elolini ».
Ukuqala eMadrid
Intombazane eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, u-Inés Ruiz Maldonado, ulandisa ngombono wakhe wobukhosi wokuthi impi yombango iqala kanjani ukushintsha impilo yakhe unomphela. Uhlala yedwa nomsizi womuntu kaVirtudes eMadrid ngoba umndeni wakhe uthuthela eSan Sebastián ngenxa yezizathu zokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfowabo omdala, uRicardo, ubeyilungu leFalange iminyaka emibili futhi ubhalisela Amasosha.
Ngenxa yomsizi weVirtudes, u-Inés uhlangana noPedro Palacios, oyinhloko yeseli le-Unified Socialist Youth (JSU). UPedro uthandana no-Inés futhi umqinisekisa ukuthi asungule ikomkhulu leRed Help endlini yakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, usebenzisa i-password ayinikezwe nguRicardo ukufaka isisefo nokulahla okonga umndeni.
Izwe elidabukile enhliziyweni
Eqinisweni, uRicardo wayehlele ukwaba imali evikelwe ukuze anikele ngokwezezimali ekuPhakameni Kwezwe. Ngakho-ke, okukodwa abazalwane abasondelene baba yizitha ezifayo. Ukwehlukaniswa kwesifuba somndeni kufanekisela imiphumela ebucayi yempi: "ubuKainism". Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokushona kukamama uRicardo, uphoqeleka ukuthi agade udadewabo omncane ngenxa yesithembiso asenza kunina.
URicardo uxazulula inkinga yakhe ekhona ngokunikela udadewabo ezandleni zomkakhe, u-Adela. Kepha, ngemuva kokukhaphela kukaPedro Palacios u-Inés noVirtudes, bobabili baboshwe eVentas bagwetshwa intambo. Ukungenelela nje in extremis URicardo usindisa u-Ines odongeni; Ubuhle abunayo inhlanhla efanayo. Ekupheleni kwempi, u-Inés wangeniswa esigodlweni sezindela esasiholwa ngumalokazana wakhe u-Adela.
Ukuphunyuka
Kepha izinsuku esigodlweni sezenkolo ziqala ukungabekezeleleki ngenxa yomngani kaRicardo's, uCommander Garrido. I-Falangist ihlukumeza ngokocansi u-Inés ngesikhundla sakhe se-republic. Ngakho-ke, Lapho u-Inés ezwa emsakazweni ngokuhlasela kweRepublican e-Arán Valley, unquma ukubaleka. Ukuhlaselwa kwavela eFrance, kwenzeka phakathi kuka-Okthoba 19 no-27, 1944.
Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lwezokuvikela lukaFranco lwaluzicasula lezi zihlubuki, iningi labavukeli labuyela eFrance lingalimele.. Ngaleso sikhathi, uGalán uqhamuka njengombalisi ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa lokho okubizwa nge- "Operation Reconquest of Spain32". Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Inés uqhubeka nendaba evela endaweni yabashokobezi yaseBosost, lapho afakwa khona njengompheki wamasosha aseRepublican.
Ukucaphuna kombhali u-Almudena Grandes.
Toulouse
U-Inés uba ngumpheki ovelele, aze akwazi ukuthola indawo yokudlela enhle kakhulu eToulouse. U-Inés noGalán (Fernando Gaitano) bathandana, bashade futhi babe nezingane ezine. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, u-Inés wazinikela ekondleni umndeni wakhe (nokusiza amanye amaqabane emzabalazweni) aqiniswa yimpumelelo yokusungulwa kwakhe.
Khonamanjalo, uGalán ubuyela ngasese eSpain isikhathi eside ukuyohlangana namanye amaKhomanisi. Umsebenzi kaFernando ugxile ekuqoqeni nasekudluliseni ulwazi mayelana nesimo ngaphakathi ezweni. E-Toulouse, indlu ka-Inés isebenza njengendawo yokuhlangana yabalingiswa bangempela emlandweni, kufaka phakathi uDolores Ibárruri (Pasionaria) noSantiago Carrillo.
Amakhilogremu amahlanu amadonathi
Umbuthano ka-Inés uqediwe lapho kwaqala khona konke, eMadrid, kanye nomyeni wakhe kanye nabakholwa nabo. Ukushona kukaFranco ngo-1975 kwaholela ekubuyisweni kwenkululeko nentando yeningi eSpain. Ama-protagonists agubha ngokudla enye yezinto ezikhethekile zika-Inés: ama-donuts.
Imele ukuvalwa ngamathoni athile we-melancholy ahlanganiswe nomuzwa wenjabulo ekugcineni kobushiqela. Ukulandelana kokugcina kwale ncwadi kuvusa ukufika kwehhashi lika-Inés ekamu laseBosost ngo-1944. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayelayishwe amakhilogremu ama-donuts ayisihlanu ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lesigqoko ... Inani ayethembise ukulwenza ngenkathi iSpain ikhululwa.