H. G. Wells Quote
Umuntu ongabonakali iyinoveli eyakhiwe umlobi waseBrithani u-HG Wells. Ngaphambi kokuthi ikhishwe ngefomethi yencwadi ngo-1897, le ndaba yahlelwa kumagazini odumile Pearsons Magazine ngawo lowo nyaka. Kusuka lapho, Indoda Engabonakali - isihloko sokuqala ngesiNgisi - sashintshwa izikhathi eziningi ukuze sibe yifilimu, umsakazo, umabonakude kanye namahlaya.
Ngokufanayo, yigama lengoma elisetshenziswa amaqembu e-rock afana ne-Queen, Helloween kanye ne-Marillion, phakathi kokunye. Ngisho nommemezeli wesayensi waseRussia u-Yakov I. Perelman (ocatshangelwa umanduleli wezincwadi zesayensi ezithandwayo) waphakamisa ingxoxo ejulile mayelana nemibono yale ncwadi ngo-1913. Namuhla, izifundiswa ziyibheka njengenye yezinto "ezingenakugwenywa" zesayensi.Inganekwane yesayensi.
Ukuhlaziywa kanye nesifinyezo sencwadi El indoda engabonakali
Indlela yokuqala
Kungene indoda engajwayelekile ngifuna indawo yokuhlala endlini yezihambi edolobheni lase-Iping, eSussex, ENgilandi. Indaba ibonakala imbozwe izingubo ezifudumele, egqoke amagilavu, isigqoko futhi ubuso bakhe bumbozwe ngokuphelele ngamabhandishi nezibuko ezinkulu. Ngokufanayo, ucela ngokunamandla uNkk. Hall (umgcini wendlu yezihambi) ukuba ahlale yedwa ekamelweni lakhe, lapho esebenza khona ngezinsimbi zaselabhorethri.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, abantu basemakhaya baqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ubani lomfokazi ongakaze abonwe muntu emini, ngoba uphuma ebusuku ehostela. Khonamanjalo, kubikwa izigebengu ezingaqondakali ezindlini zakuleli dolobha, eziqhutshwa yisela elingakaze libonwe muntu.
Abalingiswa abakhulu
I-protagonist
Umlingiswa oyinhloko ngu Griffin, usosayensi ohlakaniphile onezimiso zokuziphatha ezingabazekayo, ngakho-ke, akanazihibe futhi akanqeni ukweba noma ukubulala uma ekubona kudingekile. Kodwa-ke, u-Wells akamethuli njengomuntu ongase abe yi-psychopath kusukela ekuqaleni. Kunalokho, ubonakala eyinsizwa enengqondo, nakuba, ekuqaleni, i-halo yokungaqiniseki iphawulwa eduze kwesibalo sakhe esingavamile.
mr mangala
Ungumhambi ohlangana noGriffin e-Iping Hills, I-England - idolobha okwenzeka kulo izigigaba - lapho owokugcina ebalekela amaphoyisa ngemuva kokugebenga uchungechunge. Ngokushesha, uMarvel uphoqwa usosayensi ukuthi asebenzisane naye kuze kube yilapho indoda engenakhaya iya kuziphathimandla lapho ithola ukuthi umuntu ongabonakali uyahlanya.
UDkt Kemp
Kulandela "ukukhashelwa" kukaMarvel, uGriffin ufika edolobheni laseBurdock elisogwini lolwandle futhi uzama ukugqekeza umnyango wezihambi. Kodwa utholwa, elinyazwe inhlamvu futhi, phakathi kokuphelelwa ithemba, uphephela endlini eseduze. Indlu okukhulunywa ngayo kuvela ukuthi ngeyakwa- UDkt. Kemp, umngane omdala wasekolishi.
I-Invisibility Theory
kusukela emhlanganweni kwabafundi ababili bangaphambili bezokwelapha, izizathu ezichaza isimo somzimba kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi kwe-protagonist kwembulwa. Lokhu kuthethelela isimo sakhe osizini abhekana nalo esikhathini esidlule, okwamenza wasungula into edlula imvelo ngempela. Lokhu kudalwa bekuyifomula yokuthi izinto ziyeke ukumunca futhi zibonise ukukhanya.
Isakhiwo sokulandisa kanye nesitayela
Umuntu ongabonakali iyincwadi efundwa ngokushesha uma kubhekwa ubude bayo; inamakhasi aphakathi kuka-211 nama-230, kuye ngohlelo lweSpanishi. Futhi, izahluko zayo ezimfishane iphelelisa kahle intshisekelo ekhiqizwe ipeni elisheshayo lombhali waseBrithani. Ngokunjalo, iwumbhalo ogcwele ububodwa bokulandisa; isibonelo: incazelo yokulwa komuntu ongabonakali.
Ngaleyondlela, umfundi ubanjwa ngokushesha kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni ngenxa yobunzima obukhona ngokuhambisana nesigqi esiguqukayo semicimbi. Ukwengeza, ukuvalwa komsebenzi kuphila ngokuvumelana nalokho okulindelekile futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kushiya isikhala sokuchazwa okwengeziwe. Konke lokhu kuphelezelwa ngobunyoninco ukujula ngokwengqondo kwabalingiswa.
Mayelana nombhali, u-H.G. Wells
HG Wells
Ubuntwana nentsha
UHerbert George Wells Wazalelwa eBromley, eKent, eNgilandi, ngoSepthemba 21, 1866, emndenini osezingeni eliphansi. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo waphuka umlenze, okwamphoqa ukuba aphumule embhedeni izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yalokho, umfana omncane waqala ukufunda ukuze ahambise isikhathi; ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva kwaba ugqozi futhi isifiso sakhe sokubhala sazalwa.
Lowo mkhuba wancipha kakhulu lapho, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa kwakhe kweshumi nanye, uyise ehlelwa yingozi eyamvimbela ukuba ondle umndeni wakhe. Ngakho-ke, u-Wells osemusha nabafowabo baphoqeleka ukuba basebenze lapho beqeda izifundo zabo zesibili. Ngo-1884, u-Herbert wangena eRoyal College of Sciences eLondon ngomfundaze, lapho ayeqeqeshwa khona ngu-TH Huxley.
Imishado nemicabango yezombangazwe
U-HG Wells washada kabili futhi waba nobudlelwane obuthile ngaphandle komshado kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Abashade nabo kwakungu-Elizabeth Mary Wells (phakathi kuka-1891 - 1894) no-Amy Catherine Robbins (phakathi kuka-1895 - 1927); kulena yakamuva waba nezingane ezimbili. Ukwengeza, umbhali waseCanti ube nezindaba iminyaka eminingana nosaziwayo abanjengo-Odette Zoé Keun, uRebeca West noma uMargaret Sanger.
Laba kwakungabesifazane ababenokuthambekela kwenkululeko nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi. Eqinisweni, i-West kanye ne-Sanger njengamanje zibhekwa njengezinye zezandulela ezinkulu zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-first-wave feminism. Ngokufanayo, U-Wells wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ekulinganeni kobulili futhi wayeyingxenye ye-Fabian Society, inhlangano yezombangazwe yesokunxele.
Umsebenzi wezincwadi
Ngaphandle kokubhala U-Wells wayeyintatheli, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, isazi-mlando futhi, kunjalo, engudokotela weBiology. Zonke lezi zici zabonakala engxenyeni enkulu yekhathalogi yakhe ebanzi yezincwadi zemibhalo, ehlanganisa izingcezu ezimbalwa zemibhalo engafi. isayensi yeqiniso. Impela, ziyimisebenzi ehlukahlukene maqondana nezimiso zesayensi, zezepolitiki kanye nezokuziphatha zobuhlakani besiNgisi. Ngokwesibonelo:
- En umshini wesikhathi (1895), umbhali uveza umbono wakhe ngomzabalazo wezigaba;
- Imikhawulo yokuziphatha yesayensi yakha umnyombo wokuphikisa we Isiqhingi sikaDokotela Moreau (1896) kanye Umuntu ongabonakali;
- Impi Yezwe (1898) umbhalo ogcwele ukugxeka umbuso wamaNgisi;
- Umlingiswa oyinhloko wenoveli Ana Veronica (1909) ungowesifazane osemusha ohlubuka ohlelweni lwezinzalamizi lwasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili;
- Uzungu oluvuliwe (1922) iyindatshana ye-encyclopedic enamandla okuzibhubhisa esintu.
Ezinye izihloko eziphawulekayo ze-HR Wells (ikakhulukazi ingqikithi yezenhlalo nezombusazwe)
- Iringithoni ye-Bungee (1909);
- Indaba kaMnu. Polly (1910);
- Uhlaka Lomlando (1920);
- Umumo Wezinto ezizayo (1933);
- Ukuhlola ku-Autobiography (1934).