El haiku Kuyinto a uhlobo lwezinkondlo oludabuka e-Japan. Kuyinto inkondlo emfushane egqugquzelwe imizwa yesikhashana esithile, ngokumangala kanye nokuxhumana kwesidalwa ngasinye nemvelo. Okulandelayo, sithuthukisa izici futhi sibona abanye izibonelo kusukela emsebenzini wababhali basendulo baseJapane, kanye nabavela kwamanye amazwe, abayilimile.
Kubuye kube isiko elivumela umphefumulo ukuthi udalulwe ekuthandeni ukululama kwawo uma kwenzeka ukuhlupheka futhi ukhiphe noma uqinise kokubili isibindi, ukumelana nesibindi. Ngalo mqondo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge ithuluzi lokwelapha ngomphumela wayo we-cathartic nokhululayo.
izici ze-haiku
- Isici sazo esihluke kakhulu ukuthi zibhalwe ngaphakathi 5-7-5 amajikijolo (amalunga) ngokulandelana. ngesakhiwo se imigqa emithathu engenamvumelwano, nakuba le metric ingaba nezimo.
- Futhi, ngokwesiko, yonke i-haiku kufanele ifake a kigo, okuyinto a igama noma inkulumo ekhombisa isikhathi sonyaka okubhekiselwe kukho umbhalo. Isibonelo, uma igama elithi iqhwa livela, libhekisela ebusika. Noma uma sinakho, okwamanje, siya entwasahlobo.
- Haiku chaza noma khombisa izigcawu zemvelo noma impilo yansuku zonke. Kukhona izilwane, izitshalo, izindawo noma izimo zezulu. Futhi mayelana nokuphila kwansuku zonke, singabona izithombe zamadolobhana, amadolobha noma imigwaqo. Kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthola ezinye nge uthando njengetimu.
- I-haiku ihloselwe ukudlulisa noma vusa umbono lokho okubangele ukucatshangelwa kokuthile. Kuyo i hayi (umbhali noma imbongi) idlulisa imizwa ayizwile lapho ibona okuthile futhi yilapho i-haiku iyeka khona ukuba umbhalo ochazayo ukuze ibe izinkondlo.
- Isitayela se-haikus sivame yemvelo futhi elula nezinye izisetshenziswa zesitayela kufanele zigwenywe.
zen ifilosofi
Kuvamile ukuthi ukubhalwa kwe-haiku kuhlotshaniswe nezwe le-Zen, kusukela le filosofi wazisebenzisa ukusabalalisa, kodwa kufanele ifaneleke ukuthi iyinkondlo endala kakhulu.
Abalobi
Izimbongi zokuqala nazo zaphelezela i-haiku yazo nge- umzekeliso, eyayingacaciswanga ngokuphelele futhi eyayibizwa hayi. Leli siko laqalwa umbhali owaziwa kakhulu futhi owaziwayo zalolu hlobo lwezinkondlo, okwakukhona Matsuo Basho ekhulwini le-XNUMX, inkathi edume kakhulu ye-Edo yaseJapane.
Abanye ababhali besikhathi esingenhla babekhona Ihara Saikaku y Ueshima Onitsura. Ekhulwini elilandelayo bagcizelela Yosa buson kulungileObayashi Issa, eseyingenile XIX, lapho futhi ifakwe khona UMasaoka Shiki, phakathi kwabanye.
Nalolu hlobo lwezinkondlo luthathe abaningi ababhali basentshonalanga abazibhale ngezilimi zabo.
i-haiku eyaziwayo
Matsuo Basho
Le ndlela
akasekho ohamba ngayo
ngaphandle kokuhwalala.
Kusa kubanda.
amazwi abahambi
ukuthi bavalelise
Yosa Buson
izinsuku ezihamba kancane
bayanqwabelana, bayavusa
ikhehla lakudala
Emvuleni yasehlobo
indlela
Wanyamalala.
I-melancholy ejulile.
Ikama lomkami ongasekho
Ngingene ekamelweni.
Kobayashi-Issa
Uma ungekho,
kukhulu kakhulu
kungaba ihlathi
Uvemvane luyaphaphazela
sengathi uphelelwe ithemba
kulo mhlaba
Hamba nami,
Dlala ngami,
undlunkulu ngaphandle kwabazali
Natsume Sōseki
Entabeni enezimbali
khulula amahhashi
esibhakabhakeni sasekwindla
inyanga empumalanga
ulala uzolala
kulawa mahora.
Kijo Murakami
ekwindla ekuseni
Ngizibuke esibukweni
futhi ngibona ubaba.
UWatanabe Hakusen
Izolo ebusuku ngimbozile
izingane zami ezilele
nomsindo wolwandle.
Akiko Yanakiwara
isikebhe siyahamba
futhi yakha indlela emhlophe
ubuhlungu bami kanye nomkhondo wakho.
ngokushesha kunesichotho
futhi ilula kunophaphe
kwafika umcabango engqondweni yami.
Ogiwara Seinsui
Lapho i-cicada icula,
uma ecula,
cula ekwayeni
nelanga liyafa
yamagushi sodo
Lesi siphethu endlini yami
Lutho neze
Impela konke
Taneda Santoka
indishi yami yokuncenga
yamukela amaqabunga awile
masaoka shiki
Ngisika igatsha
futhi yasula kangcono
Ngefasitela.
Intwasahlobo ekhaya.
Akunalutho
nokho kukhona konke.
I-cherry iyaqhakaza;
akekho unkosikazi, sad
endlini yezihambi.
Nagai Kafuu
iphunga lomnduze
Umnyango lapho ngilinde khona umuntu;
ubusuku obukhanyiswe yinyanga obumboziwe
takarai kikaku
Kwangathi amashawa
kwathi ngokuphazima kweso inyanga
phakathi kwamaphayini
Chiyo-Ni
Njengoba ngibuke inyanga
ukuzalwa kwalempilo
ngesibusiso
Amanzi ayacwebezela.
Izicishamlilo ziyaphuma
Akukho okukhona
kato gyodai
I-altare likaBuddha elingakhanyi
igumbi lingelakhe
konodoli
Amaqabunga awela kwamanye amaqabunga
Bajoyina
Imvula ishanela enye imvula
Ngobunye ubusuku basentwasahlobo.
Kubonakala sengathi akukho muntu
Leyo nqola yalahleka.
Ababhali abangewona amaJapane
Jorge Luis Borges
Ingabe umbuso
lokho kukhanya okucishayo
noma ukhanyikhanyi?
Octavio Paz
Yenziwe ngomoya
phakathi kwamaphayini namatshe
inkondlo iyahluma.
UMario Benedetti
amazolo ayaqhaqhazela
namahlamvu ansomi
kanye nomzwilili.