Meyi 14 Ngo-1925 uSir Henry Rider Haggard washona eLondon, Umbhali wamanoveli waseNgilandi, umbhali wemisebenzi enjalo ethandwayo njenge Izimayini zeNkosi uSolomoni, Yena, noma I-Adventures ka-Allan Quatermain phakathi kokunye. Ngubani ongakaze azibone izinhlobo zakhe ebhayisikobho noma ajabulele ithoni yakhe ye-adventure yakudala? Namuhla Ngibukeza le misebenzi ekukhumbuleni inkumbulo yakhe.
UHenry Rider Haggard
Wazalelwa UBradenham Ngo-1856, lo mlobi wamanoveli waseNgilandi waqala ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela ku Ukwahlulela ngomthetho eLondon futhi wayebuye abe yisikhulu esiphezulu kuhulumeni. Waphila iminyaka embalwa e-Indonesia nase-Afrika wabe esebuyela eGreat Britain, lapho aqhubeka khona nezikhundla ezahlukahlukene.
Wayengumngane kaRudyard Kipling ngokusho kukaHaggard uqobo emlandweni wakhe wokushicilela onyatheliswe ngonyaka ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, Izinsuku zempilo yami. Futhi bobabili babelana ngamathonya abo wokubhala nabalulekile, ngaphezu kwe izingqikithi eziyisisekelo ezifana nobukoloniyali boMbuso WaseBrithani, bese kuthi ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye ne-apogee. Futhi ithoni ngu uhambo olungajwayelekile zalezo zindawo.
Mhlawumbe kwakungeyona leyo ethandwa kangaka futhi akazange aluthole udumo lozakwabo uKipling. Kepha izindaba zabo zigcwele amaqhawe namaqhawekazi aqinile, anesibindi futhi ahloniphekile kanye nalokho ukulungiselelwa okungajwayelekile, izincazelo zamasiko angaqondakali futhi amangalisayo, ukuthinta okungaphezu kwemvelo futhi kakhulu ijubane lokulandisa beshesha basenabafundi abaningi.
Ukwakhiwa
Inoveli yakhe yokuqala eyimpumelelo yayi Izimayini zeNkosi uSolomoni (1885), ephefumulelwe ngu Isiqhingi samagugu nguRobert Louis Stevenson. Abanye abanjengo Ella (1887), ukuqhubeka kwayo, Ayesha, ukubuya kwaKhe (1905) futhi I-Adventures ka-Allan Quatermain (1887).
Wayengumbhali kukhulu kakhulu futhi njalo, ngabuye ngabona ukuthi umlando, ezombusazwe kanye nemisebenzi yamadokhumentari. Isibonelo, wabhala futhi ngezolimo kanye nezinguquko kwezenhlalo, okungenzeka zithonywe amava akhe e-Afrika. Kepha zazinjani amanoveli ngaphezu kweziqu ezingama-60, kufaka phakathi okunye okushicilelwe izitolimende. Phuma UNada uLily (1892), Indodakazi kaMoonezuma (1893), Idolobha lenkungu (1894), Lapho umhlaba unyakaza (1919) futhi UBelishasari (1930). Amanye amanoveli awabhalile ayekhona Cleopatra, U-Eric Bright Eyes y U-Red Eve.
Mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi, futhi nasekupheleni kwesikhathi eside samaVictoria, yize amanoveli akhe ayengamanoveli wokuzijabulisa, nawo ayemela indaba ethandwayo eyayisebenza njenge inkulumo-ze yemibono yama-imperialist ezaziphela.
U-Allan Quatermain no-Ayesha
Izinhlamvu zayo ezidume kakhulu ngumzingeli kanye nohambo Allan Quatermain, okuyizinkanyezi ochungechungeni oluqukethe:
- Izimayini zeNkosi uSolomoni
- I-Adventures ka-Allan Quatermain
- Impindiselo kaMaiwa
- Unkosikazi ka-Allan,
- U-allan omdala
- U-Allan no-Ice Gods
Kepha Her noma ayesha, ungomunye wemikhakha emidala yezincwadi ze-adventure ezinokuthintwa kwe-esoteric, onomuntu oyinhloko wesifazane ongafi, uhlala e-Afrika futhi ukhonzwa njengonkulunkulukazi ngabomdabu kuze kube yilapho ngelinye ilanga abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu bemthola. Kuwo kukhona:
- Ella
- U-Ayesha: ukubuya kuka-Ella
- Ndodakazi yokuhlakanipha
Izinhlamvu ezimbili zihambisana nesihloko, U-Allan no-Ella.
Okwakamuva kube ukujwayela kumahlaya ngombhalo ngumenzi wamafilimu waseFrance Elie chouraqui (Izimbali zikaHarrison, Izimpande Zomhlabathi) nemidwebo yi-Spanish Alberto Jiménez Alburquerque.
Ukulungiswa kwamafilimu
Ngaphandle kokungabaza okudume kakhulu yi- Izimayini zeNkosi uSolomoni enguqulweni yakhe ye 1950, weMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Iqondiswe nguCompton Bennett waseNgilandi, iwine i- Oscar ngemontage ehamba phambili nezithombe ezinhle kakhulu, waphinde waqokelwa isithombe esihle kakhulu.
Badlale kuwo UDeborah Kerr noStewart Granger, yize kwakukhona ukungabaza phakathi kwakhe no-Errol Flynn. Wadutshulwa ezindaweni zemvelo e-Afrika. Futhi ilandisa ngendaba yomhlahlandlela wabazingeli nohambo u-Allan Quatermain, owemukela ikhomishini evela ku-Elizabeth Curtis (uDeborah Kerr) ukuba amphelezele baye endaweni engaziwa kakhulu ukuthola umyeni wakhe. Kwakukhona ezinye izinhlobo eziningi, Kokubili ngaphambili nangemva kwalokho, kepha yilokho okuye kwahlala njenge- ifilimu ye-adventure yakudala.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe- Ella, owokuqala yedwa UGeorge Méliès ngo-1901. Kodwa okukhunjulwa kakhulu yilowo odlala phambili Ursula Andrews ngo-1963, ngo Unkulunkulukazi womlilo.