Izithombe. (c) Ubuhlakani bezokuxhumana
Ana Alcolea Ungumbhali waseZaragoza onomsebenzi omude wokufundisa Ulimi nezincwadi njengokushicilelwa kwemisebenzi efundisayo, izincwadi ingane nentsha (uwine i- ICervantes Chico Award ngo-2016) futhi ekugcineni, novelas njengoba Ngaphansi kwebhubesi likaSanta Mark o Isinkwa sikaMargarita, eyethula manje. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngesikhathi sakho, umusa nokuzinikela kwakho ngalokhu ingxoxo.
Ana Alcolea. Ingxoxo
- ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Uyayikhumbula incwadi yokuqala owayifunda? Futhi indaba yokuqala oyibhalile?
ANA UTSHWALA: Mhlawumbe incwadi yokuqala engiyifundile Ama-Musketeers amathathu, ngu-Alexander Dumas, kumagazini onemifanekiso wezingane. Okungenani kungokokuqala engikukhumbulayo. Incwadi yokuqala engiyibhalile ithi Ilokhi elahlekile, inoveli isethwe ku Afrika, lapho umfana ebheka khona indondo eyayigqokwe ngubaba wakhe ngenkathi eshona engozini yendiza ehlathini.
- AL: Iyiphi incwadi yokuqala eyakushaya futhi kungani?
I-AA: Izincwadi ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu, UJane Eyre, nguCharlote Brönte, ngendaba yakhe yothando engajwayelekile, nangamathafa akhe ahluke kakhulu kuleyo engangihlala kuyo. Y Kubuza u-Alicia, eyanyatheliswa njengedayari yangempela yentombazane eyeve eshumini nambili ehlala emhlabeni wezidakamizwa. Ngahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu.
- AL: Ngubani umbhali wakho omthandayo? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.
I-AA: Lo ngumbuzo onzima kakhulu ukuwuphendula. Kuningi futhi kuyathakazelisa kakhulu: kusuka Homer, Sophocles, Cervantes y Shakespeare a UTolstoy, bheka ibsen, Sigrid Akusethiwe, UDostoevsky, noThomas indoda, UStefan igatsha. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi samanje ngihlala UJuan Marsé, uManuel Vilas, uMauricio Wiesenthal no-Irene Vallejo.
- AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?
I-AA: A Don Quixote de la Mancha, empeleni esidala nsuku zonke, futhi uma kungenjalo, sihamba kabi. Kungumlingiswa ukuthi ufuna ukwenza impilo yakhe umsebenzi wobuciko, into enhle kuye nakwabanye. Ufuna ukuba ngumnumzane kunoveli futhi nsuku zonke usungula isiqephu esisodwa noma eziningi zokuzijabulisa ukuze umbono wakhe uphile. Phila phakathi kwenganekwane neqiniso, njengoba sonke senza. ICervantes ibikwazi ukuyibona nokuyikhombisa kangcono kunanoma ngubani.
- AL: Noma iyiphi intshiseko uma kukhulunywa ngokubhala noma ukufunda?
AA: Ngaphambi kokuthi ngilalele i-opera ukuze ngibhale. Kepha manje sengiyabhala ngokuvamile athule, ikakhulukazi kule nkathi, engihlala kuyo endaweni ethule kakhulu. Ngigxila kalula noma kuphi. Ngithanda ukuqala ukubhala amanoveli ami ku incwadi yokubhalela, ngesandla. Ngemuva kwalokho ngiyaqhubeka nekhompyutha, kepha ngiyawujabulela lowo mzuzu wokuhambisa ipeni, umnyama, phezu kwephepha bese ubona ukuthi amagama avela kanjani azoba izindaba.
Futhi ufunde, Ngifunde ephepheni kuphela. Anginakho ukusekelwa kwe-elekthronikhi ukufunda izincwadi. Ngithanda ukudabula ngithinte iphepha. Ngakho-ke ngiyazi ukuthi umlando uhlala usendaweni yawo. Esikrinini kubonakala sengathi njengoba ikhasi liphenduka, amagama nalokho okushoyo kuzophela.
- AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?
AA: Ekuseni ngemuva kokudla ibhulakufesi futhi nenkomishi yetiye isashisa njalo. Uma ngisekhaya, ngibhala ku- ihhovisi, enewindi ngakwesokunxele sami. Ngaphandle kwekhaya, ngivame ukubhala izitimela naku- izindiza lapho ngihamba.
- AL: Yini esiyitholayo kwinoveli yakho yakamuva, Isinkwa sikaMargarita?
I-AA: Isinkwa sikaMargarita Kuyinto a uhambo lwamanje nolwedlule we-protagonist, obuyela ekhaya lakhe ukuyolithulula ngemuva kokushona kukayise. Izinto, amaphepha, izincwadi zimyisa esikhathini lapho ayeyingxenye yalelo khaya, phakathi neminyaka yoTshintsho. Akuyona inoveli enganaki isikhathi, noma nobudlelwano bomndeni, ngisho nomuntu ophikisayo, ophinde abe ngumbalisi. Awekho amaqhawe ku-toast kaMargarita. Abantu kuphela. Kungabi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kunabantu nje.
- AL: Ngabe uthanda ezinye izinhlobo ngaphandle kwenoveli yomlando?
AA: Ngijwayele ukufunda inoveli isondelene kakhulu kunomlando. Nginentshisekelo kubalingiswa nakwingxoxo yabo nesikhathi sabo, okuyingxenye yezimo zabo zempilo. Nami ngiyafunda izinkondlo, ngoba cishe njalo ngizithola ngikulo.
- AL: Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?
AA: Ngifunda a umlando wombhali waseNorway uSigrid Undset, owawina iNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1928. Ngibhala incwadi engabizwa ngesihloko Impilo yami egumbini lokulala ngoba bengihlala izinyanga eziyisikhombisa amaphesenti angamashumi ayisihlanu esikhathi egumbini elingalodwa ezintabeni, e ENorway, futhi ngifuna ukuveza ubudlelwane bami nemvelo: amazwi omfula, ukuhleba kwamaqabunga ezihlahla, ushintsho lwezinkathi zonyaka ... Ngicabanga ukuthi sidinga ukuhlala kakhulu ekuxhumaneni nasekuxoxeni nemvelo, futhi ukubhala le ncwadi kungifundisa ukubheka nokulalela okuningi futhi kangcono.
- AL: Ucabanga ukuthi indawo yokushicilela yenzelwe ababhali abaningi kangakanani njengoba kukhona noma bafuna ukushicilela?
AA: Nalo mbuzo unzima ukuwuphendula. Ngizizwa nginelungelo elikhulu ngoba kuze kube manje sengishicilele cishe konke engikubhalile. Ngiyabona ukuthi kunababhali abaningi abafuna ukushicilela ngokushesha, beshesha, futhi lona ngumsebenzi okufanele ubekezele kakhulu kuwo. Kufanele ubhale okuningi. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kufanele ufunde okuningi.
Ngaqala ukubhala ngineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu nanhlanu ubudala, futhi umshicileli wokuqala engamthumelela owokuqala wayengafuni. I-yes yesibili, futhi enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-30. Nginanoveli edlule ezindlini ezimbili zokushicilela ezingazange ziyishicilele, eyesithathu iyishicilele, futhi iyangijabulisa. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ungalinda kanjani. Uma incwadi yinhle, cishe njalo igcina ithola indawo yayo. Ngokuvamile.
- AL: Ngabe isikhathi senhlekelele esibhekene naso sinzima kuwe noma ungagcina okuthile okuhle ngamanoveli esikhathi esizayo?
AA: Isikhathi ngu kunzima ngokomzwelo kuwo wonke umuntu, kunjalo. Ngibe nobuciko obukhulu kulesi sikhathi futhi ngibhale izinto eziningi, lapho isihloko salo bhubhane sethulwe khona ngaphandle kokuba ngibe nefa lokuqala. Lapho ngiqala inoveli angazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani, inoveli iyakhiwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingqinamba obukade ungenazo ekuqaleni ziyadlula.
Ngikholwa ukuthi amanoveli afana nempilo: siyazi ukuthi kuzophela, kepha asazi ukuthi kanjani noma nini. Amagama nezinhlamvu kuyangimangaza njengoba ngibhala. Ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kumanoveli ami. UMargarita ungimangaze kakhulu ngenkathi ebhala indaba yakhe ku Isinkwa sikaMargarita. Ngifunde okuningi ngaye nangami.