Umhlaba wezincwadi ungenye yezinkulu kakhulu ezikhona ngenxa yobuningi bezinhlobo zemibhalo ezikhona. Kodwa-ke, kuyalahleka ngoba ukufunda akuyona imfashini. Noma kunjalo, kuyingxenye yomlando wethu, ngakho-ke, namuhla sifuna ukukutshela ngakho konke ongakuthola kuzo.
Futhi into ukuthi izinhlobo zibanzi futhi awuzazi zonke. Ngenhlanhla siphenye futhi manje sizokufundisa yiziphi izinhlobo zemibhalo, yikuphi okukhona, nokuthi yimaphi ama-subgenres ongawathola kulowo nalowo kuwo.
Yini izinhlobo zemibhalo
Izinhlobo zemibhalo zibhekisa ku- ngezigaba ngamaqembu noma ngezigaba zemisebenzi ehlukene yemibhalo. Lokhu kwehlukaniswe ngokuya ngesakhiwo abanaso kanye nokuqukethwe. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngamaqembu amakhulu lapho okuqukethwe khona yonke imisebenzi yezincwadi.
Kuwo wonke umlando, Izinhlobo zemibhalo bezingafani ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nemisebenzi yayingaqukethwe ezinhlotsheni ezifanayo njengamanje. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlukaniswa kugcinwe isikhathi esithile. Nge-caveat eyodwa: ukufakwa kwenombolo yezobulili, eyokufundisa.
Ngakho-ke, njengamanje, singasho ukuthi kunamaqembu amathathu amakhulu, abaluleke kakhulu ahlanganise imisebenzi isikhathi eside, okulandisayo, okunomdlandla nokugqamile. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, uhlobo lwe-didactic lufakiwe.
Ngubani owadala izinhlobo zemibhalo?
Wake wazibuza ukuthi ngubani owayengumakhi wokwakha lezo zinhlobo zemibhalo? Noma kungani inoveli ingaphakathi kohlobo lokulandisa ngenkathi inkondlo ingumculo noma idrama yaseshashalazini? Kulungile konke lokhu Sikweleta umuntu oyedwa: u-Aristotle.
Isethenjwa sokuqala, kanye nesigaba sokuqala sezinhlobo zemibhalo sasivela ku-Aristotle. Ngokukhethekile, encwadini yakhe ethi La Poetica, wakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlobo: ukulandisa, ukuhlabelela nokumangalisa.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zemibhalo
Manje njengoba usuyazi ifayili le- izinhlobo ezine zezinhlobo zemibhalo ezikhona, abagcini lapho. Kuwo wonke la maqembu amakhulu kukhona, futhi, izigaba eziningi zemibhalo ezakha yonke imibhalo.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ngayinye yazo ibhekisa kuphi? Sikuchazela ngezansi.
Uhlobo lokulandisa
Uhlobo lokuqala lokulandisa nolwamanje alufani. Phambilini, uhlobo lokulandisa lwalwaziwa njengelapho kwakutshelwa khona imicimbi eyinganekwane, imvamisa kuxubana inkhulumomphendvulwano nencazelo, futhi okukhulunywayo kwakuvame kakhulu kunalokho okubhaliwe.
I-Novela
Le noveli ingelinye lamaqembu angaphansi kwezinhlobo zemibhalo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyindaba elandisayo lapho kukhulunywa khona indaba ende noma engatheni, lapho abalingiswa abehlukene bengena khona futhi lapho ungathola khona izingqikimba ezihlukile: amaphoyisa, amandla afanayo, ezothando ...
Indaba
Endabeni yendaba, sikhuluma nge ukulandisa okufushane, okungasekelwa entweni yangempela noma ukudala indaba engekho ngokoqobo. Inezinhlamvu ezimbalwa kanye nentuthuko eyisisekelo futhi elula. Futhi noma ngabe ucabanga ukuthi igxile ezinganeni, iqiniso ukuthi akunjalo.
Inganekwane
Inganekwane, njengendaba, nayo iyindaba emfushane, imvamisa abalingiswa bayo kuyizilwane noma uchungechunge oluhlanganiswe nabantu (ngokwesibonelo, izilwane eziziphatha njengabantu).
Leyenda
Kuyindaba yangempela eqala ukuhlotshiswa ngezinto ezimnandi, ngaleyo ndlela uthole indaba enezinhlamvu ezixubile, noma ezingenangqondo, kepha ezishada kahle kangangokuba zithandwe futhi zibe yinto okufanele zikholelwe kuyo. Eqinisweni, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abaningi bathola ukufakazela ubuqiniso balokhu.
Mito
Ngokwengxenye yayo, inganekwane ingacatshangwa njenge- indaba enhle ngomlingiswa, kepha cishe njalo bagxila konkulunkulu basendulo noma amaqhawe, azikho izinganekwane eziningi zamanje. Lokhu kubonakala ngokushintsha iqiniso, ikakhulukazi ngomlingiswa, ukuze alincome ngaphezu kwabanye endabeni.
I-Epic
Ukulandisa okuyingqophamlando kuzama ukutshela ukuzidela kweqhawe, noma eziningana, nezimpi abamba iqhaza kuzo, yize empeleni kungadingeki ukuba ziyiqiniso, kepha kunalokho zenze umuntu acabange ukuthi ziyikho.
I-Epic
Endabeni ye-epic, iyafana nalokhu okungenhla, kepha yehlukile kulokhu ngoba abalingiswa abethulwayo akubona "abantu abajwayelekile", kepha kunalokho ngabalingiswa bezinganekwane, onkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu abangabantu.
Izibonelo ezimbili ezicacile ezivela ezincwadini yi-Iliad noma i-The Odyssey.
Cula ngesenzo
Kugxilwe xoxa indaba yezigigaba, izimpi, njll. we-knight yeNkathi Ephakathi. Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yi-El Cantar de mio Cid.
I-Lyric
Ukudlulela ohlotsheni olunamazwi, kuyiqembu lesibili elikhulu lezinhlobo zemibhalo futhi kulo uzothola amaqenjana amabili: elidala nelamanje.
Uhlobo lomculo luchaza a imibhalo lapho umbhali kumele aveze imizwa, imizwa, imizwa, njll. kumuntu owufundayo noma owulalelayo. Ngakho-ke, kujwayele ukuba yinkondlo eyengeziwe (yingakho isizinda esaziwa kakhulu izinkondlo).
Ama-subgenres asendulo we-lyrical
Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- I-Oda
- Elegy
- Ukubhuqa
- I-choral lyric
- Ingoma
- Ingoma
- I-Eclogue
- I-Epigram
- Romance
Ama-subgenres anomsindo wamanje
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, zonke izinkondlo zisezingeni eliphakeme noma elincane, kwethulwe izinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha zohlobo lomculo, okulandelayo:
- Sonnet. Kubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwamavesi ayishumi nane, ama-hendecasyllables, kanye nemvumelwano yongwaqa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ahlukaniswe ngama-quartet amabili kanye nama-triplets amabili.
- Madrigal. Kuyinkondlo emfushane enesigqi sokuthi, cishe njalo, inezimpawu zothando, futhi egxile kowesifazane, ukuhlanganisa amavesi ezinhlamvu zamagama ezi-11 nezingu-7.
Uhlobo lomdlalo weshashalazi
Uhlobo oluhehayo, olwaziwa nangokuthi uhlobo lweshashalazi, luhlose ukwenza bamele ingxenye yendaba yomlingiswa ngengxoxo, kunezincazelo. Yize kubhaliwe, inhloso enkulu yomsebenzi waseshashalazini ukumelwa ngababukeli, ngakho-ke iba yinto ebonakalayo neqondwayo esikhundleni sombhalo.
Kulolu hlobo ungathola izizinda ezilandelayo zemibhalo:
- Usizi
- Amahlaya
- IDrama / iTragicomedy
- UMelodrama
- UFarce
Uhlobo lwe-didactic
Ekugcineni, sinalo uhlobo lwe-didactic. Lokhu okuwukuphela kwakhe u-Aristotle angazange abhekisele kukho emsebenzini wakhe, futhi kwavela eminyakeni eminingana kamuva ukuhlanganisa leyo misebenzi eyayinomqondo wemfundo noma, njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, i-didactic.
Ngalo mqondo, izizinda ongazithola kuleli qembu elikhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Isivivinyo
- I-Biography
- Crónica
- Imemori ebhaliwe
- Umlomo
- Incwadi noma incwadi
- Isivumelwano
- Inganekwane
- Inoveli ye-didactic
- Inkhulumomphendvulwano
- Inkondlo ye-didactic