Ukubalisa luhlobo loncwadi olubalisa ngokulandelelana kweziganeko. ngolandelelwano oluthile olunokuthi lulandelelane okanye lungabikho. Ngendlela efanayo, inoluhlu lwezinto kunye neempawu. Luhlobo lwentsomi kuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo iyilwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ubukhulu becala.
Inokusetyenziswa kwiifomathi ezininzi namhlanje. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuthetha ngeencwadi, uthotho neemuvi, kodwa kukho ingxelo kwimidlalo yevidiyo, ibhodi kunye nemidlalo yokudlala indima, iicomics okanye iinoveli zegraphic, irediyo kunye neepodcasts. Kodwa side sifumane ibali kumaphephandaba ukuba sithetha malunga neengxelo zeziganeko okanye amanqaku ezimvo ahamba kakhulu kwicandelo loncwadi kunolwazi olucocekileyo nolungenamkhethe.
IRoyal Spanish Academy kwinkcazo yayo inomsindo ngakumbi kwaye i-phlegmatic: Ukubalisa "ludidi loncwadi olwenziwe yinoveli, inoveli okanye ibali elifutshane". Kodwa khumbula ukuba isicatshulwa yimvelaphi yalo naliphi na ibali okanye ibali. Kwangokunjalo, ukubalisa kunokutolikwa njengenxalenye ye-semiotics, nangona indlela ebonwa apha iya kuba yeyoncwadi ngakumbi.
izinto ezibalisayo
isenzo
Ukulandelelana kwezenzo eziqulethwe kwindlela yokusebenza, iqhina kunye nesiphumo. Ezi ziganeko zenza ibali elonwabisayo nelinika umdla kumfundi. Bamele bafike ngexesha kwaye babe nemincili okanye babe nomdla ngandlela ithile. Isenzo, kwakhona, yinto esiyibiza ngokuthi "iplot.". Okwenzeka kuyo kufuneka kube nentsingiselo; ukuba isenzo silungile, siya kuhambelana kwaye silinganiselwe, rhoqo kwinkonzo yenkcazo.
Umxholo
Ngumbono ophambili wesicatshulwa onokuqondwa kwisakhiwo, kodwa akufanele udideke nawo. Kukho amabali athi, ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwawo, abe nomxholo ekunzima ukuwuchaza, kodwa uhlalutyo olulungileyo luyawunciphisa umxholo ube ngamagama ambalwa; Umxholo ngumxholo webali. Eyona mixholo yehlabathi lonke kumsebenzi wokubalisa yile: uthando, ukufa, usapho, impindezelo, ukubandezeleka, impambano, uvelwano, inkululeko, ubulungisa, njl. Ukuba kumfundi umxholo webali ubalulekile, kuba umdali womsebenzi kubalulekile ukuwulawula kakuhle.
Uhlobo
Isimbo sokubhala luphawu lobuqu lombhali yaye siquka nendlela amele azichaze ngayo; kuquka nohlobo olukhethwe nguye (idrama, Thriller, uthando). Nangona iqhelekile ukuyifumana kwiprozi, isimbo sokubalisa sinokutyetyiswa ngeendlela ezininzi ngumbhali wayo, ngaloo ndlela sibe sisiqhelo, silingo okanye sivelise izinto ezintsha.
Umbalisi webali
Lilizwi eliyalela lize lichaze iziganeko. Isenokuba ngumlinganiswa ophambili (umntu wokuqala), okanye umbalisi owazi konke egqitha imbali, abalinganiswa, ixesha kunye nendawo kwaye idla ngokumelwa kumntu wesithathu. Kusenokubakho umbalisi omnye okanye abaliqela, banike ulwazi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye, inokuba lingqina elingumbalisi (kwaye ubalise kumntu wesithathu). Ngamafutshane, amathuba mahle, ngakumbi ukuba yimbali yemveli okanye i-avant-garde.
Abalingiswa
Ngabo abaphila isenzo kwaye bahlupheke kwiqhinga. Banokuchazwa ngezenzo zabo, imizimba yabo, ubuntu babo okanye iingxoxo. Bahlulahlulwe baba ngabalinganiswa, isibini kunye nabachasi. Basenokuba ngabantu okanye izilwanyana, okanye izidalwa eziphuma kwelinye ilizwe, okanye babe ngumlinganiswa ongumbalisi. Umda ukwintelekelelo yombhali; nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bafeze umsebenzi, umsebenzi obenza bafaneleke kwimbali kwaye bangabi ngumhombiso nje. Ngokukodwa umlinganiswa oyintloko kufuneka abe nomnqweno onamandla, injongo oko kumenza enze njengoko esenza okanye enze izigqibo zakhe; nantsi into eza kuhambisa ibali.
Ixesha kunye nendawo
Imo engqongileyo isisiseko, inika umxholo kwiziganeko, abalinganiswa kunye nezenzo abazenzayo. Konke oku kufuneka kubekwe kwindawo kwaye ngexesha kwaye ukusuka apha ibali liyasungulwa. Kuyinyani ukuba olu lwazi lunokugqunywa, ukuba lunokuba luqikelelo kwaye aluchanekanga ngenxa yezizathu zoncwadi. Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, yonke into ihamba kwindawo kunye nexesha, nokuba ngaba isimilo siqengqeleka kumngxunya omnyama ongenaxesha.
iisubgens ezibalisayo
Inoveli
Luhlobo olubalisayo lolwandiso olukhulu kwaye kuncwadi yeyona idumileyo namhlanje. Idla ngokubalisa iziganeko ezingeyonyani kwiprozi kwaye ibandakanya iindidi ezahlukeneyo., njenge Thriller, idrama, ezothando, ezothusayo, intelekelelo, intsomi yenzululwazi, imfazwe nomdlalo, iziqhulo, imbali, okanye inkanuko. Zingamabali okonwabisa nokonwabisa uluntu lokufunda. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko unokusekwa phakathi kwenoveli edumileyo kunye nenoveli yoncwadi, nokuba yeyangoku okanye yakudala, ejongene nemiba ephezulu ukuze ishukumise umfundi ukuba acinge.
Ibali
Okanye ibali, akufuneki liphelele kwibali labantwana kuphela. Ibali, likwakwiprozi, libalulekile Ibali elifutshane elahlulwe ngokugqibeleleyo, apho kungekho nto ilahlekileyo okanye ishiyekileyo. Yonke into ekuyo iyancitshiswa, kukho icebo elilodwa kuphela, kwaye kulula ukuyichonga. Yintsomi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iye yanxulunyaniswa nentsomi okanye intsomi.
Intsomi
Imvelaphi yeentsomi kumlomo kwaye idla ngokuba yinxalenye yenkcubeko edumileyo yabantu kunye nezithethe zabo.. Umxholo wayo usoloko umangalisa, uneendawo ezingeyonyani kunye nezidalwa ezinamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Kuba imvelaphi yabo ikwilifa lomlomo, iintsomi zidla ngokuvela kwiinkolelo zabemi bedolophu okanye indawo yokuhlala, apho amava omntu athi kamva adlulele kwimbumba.
IMito
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, intsomi ichaphazela intsomi, kwaye oku kubanzi ngakumbi kunentsomi, enophawu lwengingqi. Intsomi yeyomntu wonke kuba sifudukela kwimvelaphi yempucuko yaseNtshona ukuba sithetha ngesiGrike okanye isiRoma. Iseti yamabali avela koothixo kunye namaqhawe ziintsomi eziwela umqobo wesicatshulwa, ekubeni sibazi amaxesha amaninzi amelwe kwimizobo okanye kwezinye izinto zobugcisa.
Intsomi
Intsomi ngamabali endalo efundisayo kwaye abalinganiswa badla ngokuba zizilwanyana okanye abantu abangengobantu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuzo kukuba ziqulethe isimilo; Zenzelwe ukuseka imfundiso evela kwintelekelelo kunye nempendulo kuyo.
Uluhlu
I-epic yeye-epic, intsholongwane yengxelo. ziqhelekile imibongo emide ebalisa ngeziganeko ezibalaseleyo nezingaqhelekanga. Abalinganiswa bayo bangabalinganiswa abaphakamileyo abanobuntu obungaphaya kobuntu ngenxa yemisebenzi abayenzayo okanye iimvakalelo ezintle kunye neenqobo abazikhuselayo.