Ukuba sikholelwa ukuba ibali kulula ukulibhala kuba lifutshane, siyaphazama.. Sityekele ekucingeni ukuba amazwi ambalwa esiwadingayo ukuze sithethe into, kokukhona kuya kuba lula ukudlulisela ingcamango. Kodwa eneneni kuchasene noko. Kwaye ezinye iinkosi zebali sele ziyithethile, njengoCortázar okanye uBorges.
Kodwa yintoni ibali? KwiDictionary yeRoyal Spanish Academy kuthiwa yimbali, ibali. Oko kukuthi, ibali elifutshane, kwaye lidla ngokuba yintsomi. Ewe zininzi iindidi zamabali. Ibali linokuba yinto ummelwane akuxelela yona malunga nento eyenzekayo kuye ngenye imini esitratweni, i-anecdote.
Sikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku ukuva ukuba "amandla ebali." Ngokuqhelekileyo kumaphephandaba yiloo nto iintatheli zibambelelayo xa zithetha ngezikhundla ezahlukeneyo zeengcamango ezisingqongileyo. Nabani na okwaziyo ukudala ibali elingaguqukiyo (okanye alenze libonakale linjalo) uya kuba nguye owonwabela amandla athethiweyo.
Kodwa hayi, masibuyele eCortázar, eBorges. Masibuyele kuncwadi. Ibali kukuchazwa koluhlu lweziganeko ezinokuthi zinikwe okanye zingachazwa ngokulandelelana kwazo.. Okukuthi, mhlawumbi, oko umfundi alindele ukukufumana xa evula ibali, okanye ibali, eliyalelwa ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba kube njalo.
Mhlawumbi kulula ukudwelisa izinto ekufuneka ibali libe nazo ukuze uqonde ukuba lingantoni na. Ukongeza ekubeni libali eliyintsomi elinentshayelelo, iphakathi kunye nesiphelo, ezi zezinye iingongoma ezibonisa ibali:
Iimpawu ezichaza ibali
Ubufutshane
Okokuqala, kufuneka ibe mfutshane. Oko kuchazwa njengebali. Kodwa oku kukwanobungozi. Alukho ulwandiso olukhethekileyo lokuhlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokubalisa. Kukho izikali. Sithetha ngamabali anokufikelela kumaphepha angamashumi amahlanu, kuba ukuba maninzi sithetha ngenoveli emfutshane, umzekelo. Kodwa ngokubanzi baphakathi kwamaphepha amabini ukuya kwalishumi elinesibini (nangona oku kuyinto enokwenzeka kuphela).
Isingqisho
Kuba esi sisicatshulwa esifutshane, ibali lifuna isantya esifanelekileyo. Apha umbhali kufuneka asebenzise izibonelelo zokubalisa ezikhoyo kuye, ezifana ne-ellipsis, ukhetho lolwazi kunye nendlela yakhe yokulawula, ulawulo lwenkcazo, iisimboli (ukuba zikhona), okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi kunye nezihlomelo. amagatya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singazilibali iingxoxo. Kukho amabali angafuni nokuthetha-thethana. Ezi zizixhobo ezixabiseke kakhulu ekubhaleni ngenxa yokuba zinika ulwazi oluninzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba zigqithise. Kwaye ebalini kufuneka uqiniseke kakhulu ukuba iingxoxo zifanelekile okanye akunjalo.
Abalinganiswa
kwi dropper Ukuba sithetha ngebali lamaphepha amabini, bangaphi abalinganiswa abanokubakho? Kwibali elifutshane kufuneka bacaciswe kakuhle kakhulu. Sinokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weglasi yokukhulisa into eyandisa into ethile kwaye ibali lijikeleza kuyo. Ibali libonisa isiqwenga somlinganiswa. Iinkcazo, umxholo wangaphambili, imeko, iminqweno, isenzo, yonke into ixhomekeke kumzuzu othile. Kwibali elifutshane umlinganiswa okanye abalinganiswa baya kuboniswa efotweni. Zidityanisiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqwalasela. Le element inokuba yenye yezona zinto zinzima ukuzichaza.
Isithuba nexesha
Ncitshiswa. akukho zithuba zininzi; iinkcazelo zichule kwaye zithe ngqo. Ukuba ibifanelekile, ibiya kuba kungenxa yokuba ingumlinganiswa omnye ngakumbi.
Ixesha lichazwe kakuhle. I-ellipsis iya kuba sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe kakuhle kwaye ukuba ibekwe ixesha.
Ukukhethwa kwezi zinto zimbini kucwangciswe kwangaphambili kwaye kuhambelana nebali.
Umbalisi
Ngesiqhelo wazi konke. Ngumbalisi owazi yonke into kuphela onokuxela eyona nto ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo ebalini.
Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukufumana ababalisi kumntu wokuqala, mhlawumbi abazigwagwisayo abanikela ingqalelo kwiziqu zabo kuphela baze basixelele ukuba yintoni ingxaki yabo okanye okwenzekayo kubo. Ngale ndlela, umgaqo wokudibanisa iingcamango uya kusonjululwa.
Iyunithi
Le ngcamango iphantse ibe ngumlingo. Kuba xa sithetha ngolu phawu sithetha nge-sphericity (esele ithethwe nguCortázar). Le milo yejiyometri uyinxulumanise nebali elifutshane. Ngale ndlela, ibali yingxelo equlethweyo, enomda ngokugqibeleleyo. Ibali elilungileyo liya kuba nakho ukugubungela okubalulekileyo, kwaye kuphela okubalulekileyo, akukho nto ngakumbi kwaye akukho nto incinci.
Kulapho ke kulapho owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kumbalisi wamabali ulele khona (ngengqiqo yegama), ukuba angalahleki kwibali lakhe kwaye axele eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze ibe nentsingiselo epheleleyo. Igqibelele. Kwaye isiqalo kunye nesiphelo zibenza zikhumbuleke (okanye ubuncinane zama).
Lo mbono wokujikeleza kwaye, ngoko ke, ukugqibelela Yiloo nto inkosi uJorge Luis Borges aphunyelelwe ngayo "ngo-El Aleph", zombini kwifom kunye ne-substance.
ukuhambelana
Kwaye ngaphambi kokuba sithethe malunga nokuhambelana. Oku kubonakala kucacile, kodwa izibakala ezibaliswa kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi wentsomi kufuneka zingqinelane, zibe nengqiqo ngaphakathi kwisicatshulwa ngokwaso kwaye, ke ngoko, kukholeleke. Ukuba isicatshulwa siswele ingqiqo okanye ukuthungelana, akunakuthiwa kugqityiwe.
Kwaye ukuba sisenamathandabuzo malunga nokuba liyintoni na ibali, okanye ibali, kusenokwenzeka ukuba amazwi ka UJulio Cortazar sikhanyisele kancinci;
“Kum, bendisoloko ndilibona ibali njengengqukuva; oko kukuthi, luhlobo oluvaliweyo, kwaye kum ibali ligqibelele kuphela xa lisondela kwifomu egqibeleleyo apho akukho nto inokushiyeka, kwaye apho amanqaku angaphandle angaphandle kufuneka abe kumgama ofanayo ukusuka kwi-imeyli. iziko”.